Nutrition And Diet Therapy 6th Edition by Carroll A. Lutz and Erin E. Mazur - Test Bank

Nutrition And Diet Therapy 6th Edition by Carroll A. Lutz and Erin E. Mazur – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5: Energy Balance

 

 

 

1. The tendency of the body to achieve a balanced state is called:
2. Bomb calorimeter
3. Thermic effect
4. Resting energy expenditure
5. Homeostasis

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	A bomb calorimeter is a device to measure the energy content of individual foods.
2.	The thermic effect of food refers to the heat produced by the body after a meal.
3.	Resting energy expenditure, which includes all involuntary activities, is the kilocalories a person burns under controlled conditions and lying comfortably.
4.	Homeostasis refers to equilibrium or balance

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

2. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat required to raise or lower:
3. 1 kg of water 1°C
4. 1 g of water 1°C
5. 1 kg of water 1°F
6. 1 tsp of water 1°F

 

Ans: 1

	Feedback
1.	A kilocalories is the amount of energy required to raise or lower 1 kilogram of water 1°C.
2.	A kilocalories is the amount of energy required to raise or lower 1 kilogram of water 1°C.
3.	A kilocalories is the amount of energy required to raise or lower 1 kilogram of water 1°C.
4.	A kilocalories is the amount of energy required to raise or lower 1 kilogram of water 1°C.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

3. Adults require 2% less energy per decade because they:
4. Exercise less than when they were younger
5. Eat more sweets, which are rapidly converted to fat
6. Lose height due to osteoporosis
7. Generally have a higher body fat content

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	Exercise is not a factor for a decrease in energy needs with aging.
2.	Intake of sweets does not affect the amount of energy required.
3.	Osteoporosis or loss of height would have no effect on energy requirements.
4.	Approximately 2% less energy is needed per decade because of a decline in lean body mass, which means that the body fat content is increased.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

4. Which of the following has the highest kilocaloric density?
5. Alcohol
6. Carbohydrate
7. Fat
8. Protein

 

Ans: 3

	Feedback
1.	Alcohol does not have the highest kilocaloric density. Fats and foods high in fat do.
2.	Carbohydrates do not have the highest kilocaloric density. Fats and foods high in fat do.
3.	Fats and foods high in fat have the highest kcaloric density.
4.	Protein does not have the highest kilocaloric density. Fats and foods high in fat do.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

5. A nurse would expect that foods containing which of the following would have lower kilocaloric density?
6. Alcohol and fat
7. Carbohydrate and protein
8. Vitamin C and vitamin A
9. Fiber and water

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	Fats or foods high in fat have the highest kcaloric density
2.	Foods with a high water and fiber content tend to have a lower kcaloric density.
3.	Foods with a high water and fiber content tend to have a lower kcaloric density.
4.	Foods with a high water and fiber content tend to have a lower kcaloric density.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

6. One teaspoon of butter contains 5 grams of fat. How many kilocalories does it contain?
7. 20
8. 35
9. 45
10. 60

 

Ans: 3

	Feedback
1.	One gram of fat provides 9 kilocalories; 5 grams would yield 45 kilocalories.
2.	One gram of fat provides 9 kilocalories; 5 grams would yield 45 kilocalories.
3.	One gram of fat provides 9 kilocalories; 5 grams would yield 45 kilocalories.
4.	One gram of fat provides 9 kilocalories; 5 grams would yield 45 kilocalories.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Analysis

 

 

 

7. The body uses all of the following for energy except:
8. Minerals
9. Carbohydrates
10. Lipids
11. Alcohol

 

Ans: 1

	Feedback
1.	Minerals do not provide kilocalories.
2.	Carbohydrates, fat, protein, and alcohol provide energy.
3.	Carbohydrates, fat, protein, and alcohol provide energy.
4.	Carbohydrates, fat, protein, and alcohol provide energy.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

8. A client drinks one-half cup of orange juice, which contains 15 g of carbohydrate. The nurse determines that the client has ingested how many kilocalories?
9. 15
10. 25
11. 60
12. 90

 

Ans: 3

	Feedback
1.	One gram of carbohydrate yields 4 kilocalories; 15 grams would provide 60 kilocalories.
2.	One gram of carbohydrate yields 4 kilocalories; 15 grams would provide 60 kilocalories.
3.	One gram of carbohydrate yields 4 kilocalories; 15 grams would provide 60 kilocalories.
4.	One gram of carbohydrate yields 4 kilocalories; 15 grams would provide 60 kilocalories.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process| Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Analysis

 

 

 

9. A greater energy intake than energy output results in:
10. Diabetes
11. Hyperactivity
12. Anorexia
13. Weight gain

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	An energy intake greater than output would result in weight gain, not diabetes.
2.	An energy intake greater than output would result in weight gain, not hyperactivity.
3.	An energy intake greater than output would result in weight gain, not anorexia.
4.	An energy intake greater than output would result in weight gain.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

10. Alcohol supplies how many kilocalories per gram?
11. 2.2
12. 4
13. 7
14. 9

 

Ans: 3

	Feedback
1.	Alcohol yields 7 kilocalories per gram.
2.	Carbohydrates and protein each yield 4 kilocalories per gram.
3.	Alcohol supplies 7 kilocalories per gram.
4.	Fat supplies 9 kilocalories per gram.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

11. The energy cost to extract and utilize the kilocalories and nutrients in foods is called:
12. Adaptive thermogenesis
13. Energy balance
14. Thermic effect of exercise
15. Thermic effect of foods

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	Adaptive thermogenesis is a process through which energy expenditure adapts to large increases or decreases in food intake over several days.
2.	Energy balance refers to the intake and expenditure of energy being equal.
3.	Thermic effect of exercise refers to the energy cost of physical exercise.
4.	Thermic effect of food refers to energy costs and heat produced by the body after a meal.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

12. The type of exercise that depends on continuously inspired oxygen is:
13. Aerobic
14. Anaerobic
15. Pulmonary
16. Thermic

 

Ans: 1

	Feedback
1.	Aerobic exercise is any activity during which the energy metabolism needed is supported by the amount of increase in oxygen inspired.
2.	Exercise during which energy is provided without an increase in the use of inspired oxygen is anaerobic exercise.
3.	Pulmonary is a term that refers to the lungs but not to exercise.
4.	Thermic is a term that refers to heat, not to exercise

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

13. A client ingests one cup of canned bean with bacon soup prepared with water, which contains 8 grams of protein, 6 grams of fat, and 23 grams of carbohydrate. The nurse determines that this soup contains how many kilocalories?
14. 148
15. 166
16. 178
17. 247

 

Ans: 3

	Feedback
1.	To determine the kcalorie content, multiply each nutrient by its corresponding kcal equivalent and find the sum. In this case, 8 ´ 4 (protein) + 6 ´ 9 (fat) + 23 ´ 4 (carbohydrate) = 178.
2.	To determine the kcalorie content, multiply each nutrient by its corresponding kcal equivalent and find the sum. In this case, 8 ´ 4 (protein) + 6 ´ 9 (fat) + 23 ´ 4 (carbohydrate) = 178.
3.	To determine the kcalorie content, multiply each nutrient by its corresponding kcal equivalent and find the sum. In this case, 8 ´ 4 (protein) + 6 ´ 9 (fat) + 23 ´ 4 (carbohydrate) = 178.
4.	To determine the kcalorie content, multiply each nutrient by its corresponding kcal equivalent and find the sum. In this case, 8 ´ 4 (protein) + 6 ´ 9 (fat) + 23 ´ 4 (carbohydrate) = 178.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Analysis

 

 

 

14. Beta-endorphins are:
15. Relaxants released by the brain in response to exercise
16. Stimulants that permit the athlete to summon maximum effort
17. Natural sedatives occurring in certain pleasurable foods
18. Enzymes necessary to the optimal metabolism and utilization of energy

 

Ans: 1

	Feedback
1.	Exercise at a sufficient intensity and duration release a chemical in the brain called beta-endorphin and leads to increased circulating concentrations. Beta-endorphin has an effect similar to that of natural morphine; it produces a state of relaxation.
2.	Exercise at a sufficient intensity and duration release a chemical in the brain called beta-endorphin and leads to increased circulating concentrations. Beta-endorphin has an effect similar to that of natural morphine; it produces a state of relaxation.
3.	Exercise at a sufficient intensity and duration release a chemical in the brain called beta-endorphin and leads to increased circulating concentrations. Beta-endorphin has an effect similar to that of natural morphine; it produces a state of relaxation.
4.	Exercise at a sufficient intensity and duration release a chemical in the brain called beta-endorphin and leads to increased circulating concentrations. Beta-endorphin has an effect similar to that of natural morphine; it produces a state of relaxation.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

15. Resting energy expenditure (REE) differs by as much as which percentage between men and women due to differences in body composition?
16. 3
17. 5
18. 7
19. 10

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	REE differs by as much as 10% between men and women due to differences in body composition.
2.	REE differs by as much as 10% between men and women due to differences in body composition.
3.	REE differs by as much as 10% between men and women due to differences in body composition.
4.	REE differs by as much as 10% between men and women due to differences in body composition.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

16. Complete the following equation: protein + oxygen = ______ + water + carbon dioxide.
17. Carbohydrate
18. Kilocalories
19. Homeostasis
20. Heat energy

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	The equation should read: protein + oxygen = heat energy + water + carbon dioxide. Carbohydrate could be substituted for protein on the left side of the equation.
2.	The equation should read: protein + oxygen = heat energy + water + carbon dioxide. The heat energy would be measured in kilocalories.
3.	The equation should read: protein + oxygen = heat energy + water + carbon dioxide. Homeostasis refers to the balanced state of the body.
4.	The equation should read: protein + oxygen = heat energy + water + carbon dioxide.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

17. Energy contained in foods and used in the body is measured in:
18. Milligrams
19. Grams
20. Cubic centimeters
21. Kilocalories

 

Ans: 4

	Feedback
1.	Milligrams is a weight measurement.
2.	Grams is a weight measurement.
3.	Cubic centimeters is a liquid measurement.
4.	Kilocalories is a measurement of the energy content of food.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

18. The component of energy expenditure that increases or decreases with a change in food intake of several days’ duration is called:
19. Energy intake
20. Adaptive thermogenesis
21. Energy expenditure
22. Energy balance

 

Ans: 2

	Feedback
1.	Energy intake refers to the number of kilocalories ingested.
2.	Adaptive thermogenesis is the process involved when energy expenditure adapts to large increases or decreases in food intake of several days’ duration.
3.	Energy expenditure refers to the number of kilocalories used to meet the body’s demand for fuel.
4.	Energy balance occurs when the intake and expenditure of energy are the same.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

19. When food is scarce, the human body adapts by ______ energy.
20. Absorbing
21. Increasing
22. Conserving
23. Expending

 

Ans: 3

	Feedback
1.	The body compensates during food restriction or starvation by conserving energy, not absorbing it.
2.	The body compensates during food restriction or starvation by conserving energy, not increasing it.
3.	The body compensates during food restriction or starvation by conserving energy.
4.	The body compensates during food restriction or starvation by conserving energy, not expending it.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

20. After teaching a group of students about exercise, the instructor determines the additional teaching is needed when the group identifies which of the following as an example of aerobic exercise?
21. Cycling
22. Weight lifting
23. Skating
24. Dancing

 

Ans: 2

	Feedback
1.	Cycling is an example of aerobic exercise.
2.	Weight lifting is an example of anaerobic exercise.
3.	Skating is an example of aerobic exercise.
4.	Dancing is an example of aerobic exercise.

KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Analysis

 

 

 

21. Which of the following would least likely be a health benefit associated with anaerobic exercise?
22. Building of muscular strength
23. Lowering of hypertension
24. Improving muscle endurance
25. Building of bone mass

 

Ans: 2

	Feedback
1.	Building muscle strength is a benefit of anaerobic exercise.
2.	Lowering of hypertension is more likely a benefit of aerobic exercise.
3.	Improving muscle endurance is a benefit of anaerobic exercise.
4.	Building of bone mass is a benefit of anaerobic exercise.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

22. Compared with a similar individual with less well-developed muscles, an individual with well-developed muscles:
23. Expends more kcalories to perform a given task
24. Performs physical activity more efficiently
25. Lacks an adaptive response to exercise
26. Expends less kcalories at rest

 

Ans: 3

	Feedback
1.	An individual with well-developed muscles performs more efficiently—uses fewer kcalories to perform a given amount of physical work—than an individual with less well-developed muscles
2.	For the individual with well-developed muscles, as exercise is repeated, the body learns how to get the job done with the least effort (the body’s adaptive response to exercise).
3.	For the individual with well-developed muscles, as exercise is repeated, the body learns how to get the job done with the least effort (the body’s adaptive response to exercise).
4.	Individuals of similar age, sex, height, and weight with a higher percentage of muscle (lean body mass) have a higher REE than those with less muscle.

KEY: Integrated Process: | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: {Au/Ed: please add missing Integrated Process and Cognitive Level data.}

 

 

 

Multiple Selection

 

 

 

23. Tips for decreasing the kcaloric density of a diet include:
24. Use low-fat or nonfat dairy products
25. Trim all visible fat from meat before cooking
26. Eat at least four servings of fresh fruit each day
27. Eat at least 2 1/2 servings of vegetables each day

 

Ans: 1, 2, 3, 4

 

 

 

Multiple Choice

 

 

 

24. REE is strongly influenced by ______ patterns.
25. Sexual orientation
26. Religious belief
27. Cultural food intake
28. Genetic

 

Ans: 4

 

 

 

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

 

 

25. Eating an excess of only 15 extra kcalories per day for 1 year results in an annual weight gain of ______ pounds.

 

Ans: 1.5