Journey Across the Life Span Human Development And Health Promotion 5th Edition By Polan, Elaine U - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below Chapter 5. Theories of Growth and Development Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or …
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Chapter 5. Theories of Growth and Development
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on:
| a. | How many inches she has grown |
| b. | How much she weighs |
| c. | What skills she has acquired |
| d. | Her head circumference |
____ 2. The characteristic pattern of growth and development is that growth and development:
| a. | Progress from complex to simple |
| b. | Occur at the same rate for each person |
| c. | Can be slow and steady with rapid periods |
| d. | Only affect physical changes |
____ 3. Maturation occurs:
| a. | Without training |
| b. | With practice |
| c. | Quickly |
| d. | With experience |
____ 4. Cephalocaudal development progresses from:
| a. | The center outward |
| b. | Head toward the toe |
| c. | Outward to within |
| d. | Inside to outside |
____ 5. Personality is best defined:
| a. | As the part of the mind that avoids conflict |
| b. | As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual |
| c. | As the focus that enhances the quality of one’s life |
| d. | As the quality and intensity of one’s feelings |
____ 6. According to Freud, experiences that are reality-based, logical, and in one’s immediate awareness are in the:
| a. | Conscious |
| b. | Unconscious |
| c. | Subconscious |
| d. | Preconscious |
____ 7. According to Freud, the driving force behind all human behavior is the:
| a. | Id |
| b. | Ego |
| c. | Superego |
| d. | Preconscious mind |
____ 8. Freud’s psyche receives its energy from the:
| a. | Conscience |
| b. | Libido |
| c. | Ego |
| d. | Superego |
____ 9. The conscience is often referred to as the:
| a. | Ego |
| b. | Superego |
| c. | Id |
| d. | Libido |
____ 10. Jeremy regularly goes to the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from:
| a. | Unrestrained id dominance |
| b. | An overdeveloped superego |
| c. | Conflict with the ego |
| d. | Unresolved Electra complex |
____ 11. Defense mechanisms serve which of the following purposes?
| a. | They are reflex mechanisms. |
| b. | They help cope with anxiety. |
| c. | They are a cause and effect response. |
| d. | They are manipulative responses. |
____ 12. An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as:
| a. | Identification |
| b. | Compensation |
| c. | Sublimation |
| d. | Projection |
____ 13. When a young man attempts to go to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away as the tickets are all sold out. He responds, saying, “It doesn’t really matter. The movie was probably overrated by the reviewers.” The young man is probably:
| a. | Repressing |
| b. | Regressing |
| c. | Rationalizing |
| d. | Compensating |
____ 14. When a young girl reached high school, she chose track as an extracurricular activity just like her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using:
| a. | Compensation |
| b. | Rationalization |
| c. | Reaction formation |
| d. | Identification |
____ 15. Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development?
| a. | Anal stage |
| b. | Phallic stage |
| c. | Latency |
| d. | Genital |
____ 16. According to Erikson, the foundation for a healthy personality is:
| a. | Trust |
| b. | Autonomy |
| c. | Intimacy |
| d. | Ego integrity |
____ 17. Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of:
| a. | Trust |
| b. | Autonomy |
| c. | Initiative |
| d. | Industry |
____ 18. The egocentric child:
| a. | Is focused on himself or herself |
| b. | Feels separate and alone |
| c. | Has a need to be loved by others |
| d. | Is threatened by others |
____ 19. According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take on many forms in the:
| a. | Sensorimotor stage |
| b. | Preoperational stage |
| c. | Concrete stage |
| d. | Formal stage |
____ 20. Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others and develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow’s needs?
| a. | Physiological |
| b. | Safety |
| c. | Belonging |
| d. | Self-esteem |
____ 21. A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs?
| a. | Self-actualization |
| b. | Physiological |
| c. | Safety |
| d. | Belonging |
____ 22. In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a child’s moral reasoning begins because of a need to:
| a. | Avoid punishment |
| b. | Gain love and support from others |
| c. | Seek self-satisfaction |
| d. | Reduce feelings of ambivalence |
____ 23. According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when the person is:
| a. | Uncomfortable in the presence of strangers |
| b. | Able to recognize the need to excel in whatever he or she does |
| c. | Self-fulfilled and strives to reach his or her potential |
| d. | Firm and unbending in his or her ideas |
____ 24. Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are:
| a. | Independent of each other |
| b. | An interdependent process |
| c. | Events that take place at the same time |
| d. | The same for all children |
____ 25. Two parents are describing the process of maturation of their children. Which statement about maturation is correct?
| a. | Skills are acquired through practice. |
| b. | It is the unfolding of moral and intellectual capacity. |
| c. | It is the acquisition of knowledge potential. |
| d. | It is the unfolding of the child’s potential regardless of practice and training. |
____ 26. Two major influences on one’s growth and development patterns are:
| a. | Heredity and environment |
| b. | Age and religion |
| c. | Race and ethnicity |
| d. | Mental and intellectual skills |
____ 27. A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother’s breast. This is an example of:
| a. | Schemata |
| b. | Reflexes |
| c. | Conditioning |
| d. | Assimilation |
____ 28. When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill?
| a. | Repression |
| b. | Regression |
| c. | Compensation |
| d. | Denial |
____ 29. A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by starting to wet his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called:
| a. | Repression |
| b. | Suppression |
| c. | Denial |
| d. | Regression |
____ 30. An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting people. What level of Maslow’s hierarchy is she struggling with?
| a. | Physiological |
| b. | Safety and security |
| c. | Love and belonging |
| d. | Self-actualization |
____ 31. Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with:
| a. | Morality and justice |
| b. | Relationships and intimacy |
| c. | Regulation and punishment |
| d. | Abstract reasoning |
____ 32. The nurse recognizes that according to Freud’s theory, the 5-year-old boy who says, “When I’m bigger, I want to marry you, Mommy” is demonstrating:
| a. | Sublimation |
| b. | Wishful thinking |
| c. | Displacement |
| d. | The Oedipal complex |
Chapter 5. Theories of Growth and Development
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Development refers to the acquisition of skills.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Growth and development patterns generally alternate with periods of steady growth and periods of rapid growth and development, depending on the stage and individual.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Maturation is the unfolding of skills regardless of practice or training.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cephalocaudal is a directional term meaning from head to toe.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Personality is the unique style of behavior that differs from one person to another.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
The term conscious refers to that which is in one’s immediate awareness.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
The id refers to our most primitive drives and urges that help dictate our behavior.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
According to Freud, the libido is the driving force behind most human behavior.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
The superego, or conscience, is that part of the mind that helps dictate right from wrong.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Id forces are primitive, demanding immediate gratification, or childlike.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Defense mechanisms help individuals cope with the threat of anxiety or stress.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Compensation is a mental mechanism that allows the person to make up for deficiencies in one area by excelling in another area.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Rationalization is commonly used to help save face or give an excuse.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Identification is a mechanism in which one takes on the personality or traits of another person held in high esteem.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Preoccupation with one’s genitals and masturbation are common during the phallic stage.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
The foundation of a healthy personality begins with trust.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Five-year-old children are highly imaginative in thoughts and play.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Egocentrism is a preoccupation with the self.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Abstract thoughts and concepts become more understandable during the concrete stage.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
A sense of belonging is fostered by relationships.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Physiological needs are those necessary for survival.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Moral development begins with the child’s need for love and acceptance.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Self-actualizers are self-fulfilled and strive to achieve their full potential.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Growth and development occur simultaneously and are interdependent. Without growth, new skills cannot be accomplished.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Maturation is the unfolding of skills or potential regardless of practice or training.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Both heredity and environment have an influence on one’s growth and development patterns.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
At birth, the infant begins by responding with reflexes.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Denial is the mechanism by which unpleasant things are forced out of one’s immediate attention.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Regression is a defense mechanism by which the individual returns to an earlier developmental stage during stressful periods.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
All individuals strive to have a sense of belonging.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Evaluation | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Gilligan believes that females develop morality differently than males in that they are more concerned with relationships and intimacy, whereas males focus on morality and justice.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Planning | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
The oedipal complex refers to the boy’s unconscious sexual attraction to his mother.
PTS: 1
KEY: Integrated Processes: Nursing Process: Assessment | Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
