The American System of Criminal Justice International Edition, 13th Edition by George F - Test Bank

The American System of Criminal Justice International Edition, 13th Edition by George F – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

TEST BANK

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. In old England, when groups of families agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court, this was called the

a.	bobbies
b.	frankpledge
c.	commissioners
d.	service
e.	familia

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    180                  OBJ:    1

 

2. In 1285 England, what group of people developed a system whereby people within each community were chosen to apprehend criminals?

a.	Fielding Amendment
b.	Metropolitan Police Act
c.	Parish-Constable watch system
d.	Progressives
e.	Magna Carta

 

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    180                  OBJ:    1

 

3. In London, police commissioners named after Sir Robert Peel were called

a.	peelers
b.	robbers
c.	berts
d.	bobbies
e.	sir

 

 

ANS:          D                     REF:    180                  OBJ:    1

 

4. Which historical era involved close ties between the police and local leaders of government?

a.	The Political Era
b.	The Professional Era
c.	The Community Policing Era
d.	The Reform Era
e.	The Federalist Era

 

 

ANS:          A                     REF:    182                  OBJ:    1

 

5. The historical period of policing known as the political era occurred between

a.	1790-1820
b.	1820-1840
c.	1840-1920
d.	1920-1970
e.	1970-present

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    182                  OBJ:    1

6. The political era of policing was characterized by

a.	civil service selection of officers
b.	the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios
c.	hiring of officers through connections to elected officials
d.	urban riots
e.	equal opportunity for minority officers

 

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    182                  OBJ:    1

 

7. Which historical era was influenced by the Progressives?

a.	The Political Era
b.	The Professional Era
c.	The Community Policing Era
d.	The Reform Era
e.	The Federalist Era

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    184                  OBJ:    1

 

8. Which of the following is NOT an element of the model of professional policing?

a.	laws should be enforced equally
b.	the police force should use new technology
c.	the police force should be actively involved in politics
d.	personnel procedures should be based on merit
e.	the main task of the police should be fighting crime

 

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    184                  OBJ:    1

 

9. Which of the following was a leading advocate of professionalism within the police force?

a.	George Kelling
b.	Catherine Coles
c.	O. W. Wilson
d.	Sir John Fielding
e.	Sir Robert Peel

 

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    184                  OBJ:    1

 

10. The community-based model of policing occurred between

a.	1790-1820
b.	1820-1840
c.	1840-1920
d.	1920-1970
e.	1970-present

 

 

ANS:          E                      REF:    186                  OBJ:    1

 

11. In their article entitled “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety,” James Q. Wilson and George Kelling argued that police should work more on

a.	the most significant problems such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act
b.	the little problems such as maintaining order
c.	ending corruption within the police force
d.	being more involved with local political leaders
e.	using the newest technologies to catch criminals

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    186                  OBJ:    3

12. When police arrest subway fare beaters, loiterers, and panhandlers, they are focusing on

a.	quality-of-life crimes
b.	quantity-of-arrest crimes
c.	common law crimes
d.	mens rea crimes
e.	felonies

 

 

ANS:          A                     REF:    187                  OBJ:    3

 

13. Throughout the United States, police are characterized by

a.	fragmentation and a national orientation
b.	consolidation and a national orientation
c.	fragmentation and a local orientation
d.	consolidation and a local orientation
e.	none of these

 

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    191                  OBJ:    1

 

14. The Federal Bureau of Investigation came to prominence under the leadership of

a.	James Q. Wilson
b.	Franklin Roosevelt
c.	Sir Robert Peel
d.	J. Edgar Hoover
e.	Henry Fielding

 

 

ANS:          D                     REF:    192                  OBJ:    3

 

15. All but which of the following areas is a priority of the FBI?

a.	organized crime
b.	Lesser value blue collar crime
c.	terrorism
d.	political corruption
e.	foreign intelligence

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    192                  OBJ:    2

 

16. A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face-to-face conflict is called

a.	law enforcement
b.	order maintenance
c.	service
d.	departmental
e.	community action

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    199                  OBJ:    3

 

 

17. If police officers provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless, this is an example of which police function?

a.	law enforcement
b.	order maintenance
c.	service
d.	departmental
e.	community action

 

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    201                  OBJ:    3

 

18. According to public opinion polls, which function is most important in the minds of citizens?

a.	law enforcement
b.	order maintenance
c.	service
d.	departmental
e.	community action

 

 

ANS:          A                     REF:    201                  OBJ:    3

 

19. Which of the following is TRUE concerning police policy?

a.	police have unlimited resources
b.	officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers
c.	decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested
d.	police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters
e.	none of these

 

 

ANS:          C                      REF:    206                  OBJ:    5

 

20. Which of James Q. Wilson’s styles of policing is marked by professionalism and emphasis on law enforcement?

a.	watchman
b.	service
c.	suburban
d.	rural
e.	legalistic

 

 

ANS:          E                      REF:    206                  OBJ:    2

 

21. What is the highest level person or organization that has a say over how police apply the law?

a.	United States Supreme Court
b.	police commissioners
c.	United States attorney generals
d.	supervising officers
e.	the officer on the scene

 

 

ANS:          E                      REF:    208                  OBJ:    3

 

 

22. Except when official action is mandated by law, which of the following is TRUE about the use of discretion by a police officer?

a.	the more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it
b.	the closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more variable the use of discretion
c.	policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion
d.	a suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer
e.	the less serious a crime, the less freedom officers have to ignore it.

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    209                  OBJ:    6

 

23. Studies of police practices regarding domestic violence that occurred before the women’s movement found that

a.	stopping violence against women was a high priority of police
b.	police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands
c.	most male police officers beat their wives
d.	police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests
e.	police intervened before violence ever occurred

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    210                  OBJ:    6

 

24. A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research is

a.	make arrests in all cases
b.	bring a marriage therapist to the scene of all family fights
c.	make arrests only when the abuser has a prior record
d.	remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter
e.	trust that the couple will work it out on their own

 

 

ANS:          A                     REF:    210                  OBJ:    6

 

25. Highly publicized cases of women receiving injuries in the presence of police showed that

a.	police should become less involved with matters of domestic violence
b.	police should maintain existing policies in regard to matters of domestic violence
c.	domestic violence should be handled privately
d.	domestic violence is not a serious problem in America
e.	police officers may face lawsuits if they do not assist a victim of domestic violence

 

 

ANS:          E                      REF:    210                  OBJ:    6

 

26. Which of the following best describes the relationship of police to minorities?

a.	friendly
b.	peaceful
c.	cooperative
d.	trustful
e.	difficult

 

 

ANS:          E                      REF:    214                  OBJ:    7

 

 

27. Which of the following constitute “special populations”?

a.	homeless
b.	drug addicts
c.	runaways
d.	alcoholics
e.	all of these

 

 

ANS:          E                      REF:    213                  OBJ:    7

 

28. Which of the following racial group(s) views the police as treating racial groups fairly?

a.	whites
b.	Hispanics
c.	African-Americans
d.	all of these
e.	none of these

 

 

ANS:          A                     REF:    215                  OBJ:    7

 

29. The recognition that the control of crime cannot rest solely with the police illustrates the idea of

a.	police abuse of power
b.	community crime prevention
c.	negative attitudes toward police
d.	the increased role of victims in crime prevention
e.	police neglect of their duties

 

 

ANS:          B                      REF:    217                  OBJ:    7

 

 

COMPLETION

 

1. The ____________________ system required that groups of ten families agree to uphold the law.

 

ANS:          frankpledge                                                      REF:    180      OBJ:    1

 

2. British police officers were called ____________________ after Sir Robert Peel.

 

ANS:          bobbies                                                            REF:    180      OBJ:    1

 

3. The ____________________ era of policing involved close ties between elected officials and police.

 

ANS:          political                                                            REF:    182      OBJ:    1

 

4. The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department from the political system.

 

ANS:          Professional                                                     REF:    182      OBJ:    1

 

5. The theory that “little problems” can lead to larger crime problems for neighborhoods is called ____________________.

 

ANS:          broken windows                                               REF:    186      OBJ:    5

 

6. The next era of policing will likely be focused on ____________________.

 

ANS:          homeland security                                            REF:    218      OBJ:    5

 

7. Every state except ____________________ has its own law enforcement agency.

 

ANS:          Hawaii                                                             REF:    190      OBJ:    4

 

8. The FBI is located within the Department of ____________________.

 

ANS:  Justice                                                                     REF:    191      OBJ:    4

 

9. The Director of the FBI from 1924-1972 who was responsible for its prominence was ____________________.

 

ANS:          J. Edgar Hoover                                                 REF:    192      OBJ:    4

 

10. The ____________________ is responsible for law enforcement in counties of the United States.

 

ANS:          sheriff                                                              REF:    196      OBJ:    4

 

11. The function of the police that includes providing first aid and helping people is called the ____________________ function.

 

ANS:          service                                                             REF:    201      OBJ:    3

 

12. The ____________________ style of police is marked by professionalism and an emphasis on law enforcement.

 

ANS:          legalistic                                                           REF:    206      OBJ:    3

 

13. ____________________ officers have the most discretion.

 

ANS:          Patrol                                                               REF:    206      OBJ:    6

 

14. Prior to 1970, domestic violence was viewed as a ____________________ affair.

 

ANS:          private                                                             REF:    211      OBJ:    6

 

15. The ____________ _____________ model focuses on serving the community rather than the strict “crime fighting” philosophy of prior eras.

 

ANS:          community policing                                          REF:    188      OBJ:    7

 

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

1. England has no national police force.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    183                  OBJ:    1

 

2. The United States has no national police force.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    180                  OBJ:    1

 

3. The roots of American policing lie in the French legal tradition.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    179                  OBJ:    1

 

4. United States marshals were the officials who tried to bring law and order to the western territories after the Civil War.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    184                  OBJ:    1

 

5. The professional model of police argues that officers should use technology.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    184                  OBJ:    1

 

6. During the professional policing era, the Progressives were mainly upper-middle class educated Americans.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    186                  OBJ:    1

 

7. The political policing era relied heavily on patronage.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    186                  OBJ:    1

 

8. Increasing the number of patrol officers does not have much effect on the crime rate.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    186                  OBJ:    1

 

9. The community policing model argues that it is easy to improve the percentage of crimes solved.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    186                  OBJ:    2

 

10. Advocates of the community policing approach believe in focusing only on the most serious crimes.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    186                  OBJ:    2

 

11. Federal law enforcement agencies in the United States are part of the legislative branch.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    191                  OBJ:    2

 

12. After September 11, 2001, the FBI changed its priorities include protecting the United States from terrorist attack.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    214                  OBJ:    2

 

13. Since September 11, 2001, United States law enforcement has decreased its presence in foreign countries.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    214                  OBJ:    2

 

14. Native American tribes are separate, sovereign nations with a significant degree of legal autonomy within the United States.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    181                  OBJ:    2

 

15. The police system of the national government of France is more centralized than its counterpart in the United States.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    195                  OBJ:    2

 

16. Laws regulating disorderly conduct deal with clear-cut situations.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    199                  OBJ:    2

 

17. When a crime is committed, delays can give the criminal an advantage in escaping capture by the police.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    195                  OBJ:    2

 

18. Public support for police budgets is greatest when police departments stress the service function.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    206                  OBJ:    5

 

19. The police can enforce every law and catch every lawbreaker if they have the resources.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    206                  OBJ:    5

 

20. The watchman style of policing stresses order maintenance.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    206                  OBJ:    2

 

21. Police officers have considerable discretion.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    206                  OBJ:    6

 

22. Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal matter.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    211                  OBJ:    6

 

23. The most likely victims of domestic violence are younger women from low-income families.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    211                  OBJ:    6

 

24. Abusive husbands who are arrested and briefly jailed are more likely to commit acts of domestic violence again.

 

ANS:          F                      REF:    212                  OBJ:    6

 

25. Police policy regarding domestic violence has changed as a result of lawsuits filed against police departments by injured women.

 

ANS:          T                      REF:    212                  OBJ:    6

 

 

ESSAY

 

1. Discuss two political values or social conditions that are currently shaping American policing.

 

ANS:          Students’ answers should reflect an understanding of citizen involvements, budgetary constraints, advancements in technology, disparity treatment of minorities and political changes impacting on police,

 

REF:          218                  OBJ:    5

 

2. Which style of policing do you think is most likely to help reduce crime? Provide some examples of how this style would reach this goal.

 

ANS:          Students’ answers will vary but should reflect an understanding of watchman, legalistic and service styles, as well as community involvement.

 

REF:          207                  OBJ:    2

 

3. There is significant evidence that minority citizens in the United States have less faith in the police than Caucasian citizens do. In your opinion, why do you think this difference has occurred?

 

ANS:          Students’ answers will vary but should reflect an understanding of the sociological, statistical and economical impacts involved in minority citizens, especially those in high crime areas.

 

REF:          209                  OBJ:    7

 

4. Explain two functions police perform in our American society and how the public perceives their performances.

 

ANS:          Answers will vary but students could address  public service calls where the public has positive feedback;  traffic enforcement, where the public generally has negative feedback; crime responsiveness, where the public has mixed review depending on their status as victims; and/or public relations where the public ha positive feedback on programs such as neighborhood watch support, bicycle safety awareness.  Students may offer additional similar examples

 

REF:          209                  OBJ:    7

 

5. What problems are created by the existence of police discretion? Can police discretion be controlled?

 

ANS:          Students’ answers should reflect an understanding of what discretion is, and how constraints, styles of policing, community budget impacts, can affect that discretionary power.

 

REF:          208                  OBJ:    6

 

6. How can advancements in technologies for both the citizen and police assist police in the community?

 

ANS:  Students’ answers should be original and address use of cell phones, Wi-Fi, and possibly lethal and non-lethal technologies.

 

REF:             190                OBJ:    5

 

7. What impact do budgetary constraints have on community policing?

 

ANS:  Students may have a wide variety of answers ranging from reduced manpower, hiring, ratios of police to citizens in combatting crime, increases in crime rates and need for community engagement.

 

REF:           201                  OBJ:    7