What is Psychology Foundations, Applications, And Integration 3rd Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below Multiple Choice 1. The tendency to desire and seek out positive outcomes and avoid negative ones would best be considered a(n) ____. …
$19.99
What is Psychology Foundations, Applications, And Integration 3rd Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| Multiple Choice |
1. The tendency to desire and seek out positive outcomes and avoid negative ones would best be considered a(n) ____.
|
2. Jameel has a desire to learn as much about psychology as he can. Psychologists would call this desire a(n) ____.
|
3. Motivation is best be defined as a(n) ____.
|
4. Wanting to get a college education is an example of a(n) ____.
|
5. Suppose you lost the ability to be motivated in every way. What would likely happen to you?
|
6. Innate impulses from within a person that direct or motivate behavior are called ____.
|
7. One criticism of William James’s theory of instincts is that ____ seems to be eligible for inclusion in the list of possible instincts.
|
8. Instinct theory as an explanation of motivation would best be considered a ____ theory.
|
9. The earliest theory to explain human motivation was ____.
|
10. Which theorist proposed that human motivation was best explained by biological instincts?
|
11. Hannah is a psychologist who believes that motives are innate tendencies that direct our behavior. Hannah’s belief is most compatible with which theory of motivation?
|
12. Helena works for a fast food restaurant, and for the last three months, she has been named the employee of the month. In psychological terms, Helena appears to have a great deal of ____ to succeed at her job.
|
13. The drive theory of motivation states that drives are ____.
|
14. ____ drives are to biology as ____ drives are to learning.
|
15. The motivation to engage in sexual activity is typically accompanied by a desire to increase, rather than decrease, sexual arousal. Which theory of motivation would have the greatest difficulty explaining this desire?
|
16. The need for ____ is a secondary drive.
|
17. What is the correct sequence of events according to drive reduction theory?
|
18. The concept of homeostasis is most closely associated with ____.
|
| 19. Dr. Williams is a psychologist who believes that motivation is produced when we feel an uncomfortable internal state that pushes us to find a way to feel better. Dr. Williams’ belief is most compatible with which theory of motivation?
|
20. Our motivation to sleep can be explained by drive theory because it seems to ____.
|
21. Which item is the best analogy to a primary drive?
|
22. When you do not drink any fluids for several hours, your body sends information to your brain, causing you to be motivated to drink. This process is best explained by ____.
|
23. Feeling the urge to go to the bathroom is a good example of ____.
|
24. Those who view motivation as a drive distinguish between primary drives, which are ____, and secondary drives, which are ____.
|
25. The concept of drive reduction best explains ____ drives.
|
26. The fact that we sometimes eat when we are not hungry in the biological sense of requiring more energy is a problem for the ____ theory of motivation.
|
27. Maintaining bodily processes at a state of equilibrium is known as achieving ____.
|
28. Negative feedback loops help to ____.
|
29. Secondary drives ____.
|
30. Drive reduction theorists developed the notion of secondary drives to help explain ____.
|
31. Which statement is TRUE with regard to secondary drives?
|
32. Drive theory and arousal theory both suggest that motivation has its roots in ____.
|
33. The arousal theory of motivation would have the easiest time explaining why a person would ____.
|
34. According to arousal theory, those who engage in physical activities that are extremely risky or dangerous are ____.
|
35. Arousal theories of motivation state that ____.
|
36. Most people perform best when arousal is ____.
|
37. The idea that people perform best when arousal is moderate is captured by the ____.
|
38. Karl is batting in a championship baseball game with the bases loaded, two outs, and the winning run on third base with the crowd screaming. Karl is anxious and sweating. According to arousal theory, he is likely to show ____.
|
39. Rick loves to ski, surf, race cars, and engage in extreme sports. Rick’s optimum level of arousal is likely found in ____.
|
40. Guillermo feels best when he is sitting in a Japanese garden feeding the koi in the ponds. Knowing what you know about arousal and motivation, at what level of arousal will Guillermo most likely perform his best?
|
41. Sheena loves to bungee jump, drive fast, and go to parties. According to arousal theory, Sheena is probably a(n) ____.
|
42. Your motivation to study hard in school in order to get good grades and prepare for a career would be best explained by ____.
|
43. Autonomous motivation is analogous to the term ____ while controlled motivation is analogous to the term ____.
|
44. Incentive theories of motivation differentiate between intrinsic motivation, which comes from ____ sources, and extrinsic motivation, which comes from ____ sources.
|
45. Doing a job well because you get to experience a sense of pride in your accomplishments is a good example of ____ motivation.
|
46. Working hard to improve your basketball skills in order to be selected to the all-star team is a good example of ____ motivation.
|
47. Which theorist developed a hierarchy of needs to explain the different priorities we may assign to aspects of human motivation?
|
48. Which sequence represents the correct order in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
|
49. Abraham Maslow believed that after satisfying our basic physiological and security needs, we can begin to work on our ____ needs.
|
50. The most accurate way to view Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is in the form of a ____.
|
51. According to Maslow, which need is the MOST basic?
|
52. Abraham Maslow believed that after satisfying our esteem and cognitive needs, we can begin to work on our ____ needs.
|
53. A person who strives to do his or her best at whatever challenge they are faced with would most likely be fulfilling Maslow’s ____ needs.
|
54. Research on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has ____.
|
55. Contrary to Maslow’s beliefs about motivation, ____.
|
56. The pursuit of self-actualization while depriving oneself of love ____.
|
57. Advertisers could effectively use Maslow’s theory by ____.
|
58. Compared to the average person, the late Mother Teresa was probably more motivated by ____.
|
59. You are giving a presentation to your sales department about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, when someone asks you if there is much scientific support for this theory. What is the best response to this question?
|
60. Abraham Maslow believed that after satisfying our belongingness and esteem needs, we can begin to work on our ____ needs.
|
61. The goal of hunger is ____.
|
62. Hunger is described well by drive theories of motivation because hunger ____.
|
63. According to drive theory, we should not feel hungry when ____.
|
64. You are giving a lecture on negative feedback loops to a group of high school students. Which analogy for negative feedback would be most effective in your lecture?
|
65. A furnace set at 72 degrees is a good analogy for which bodily process?
|
66. Like a thermostat, our brain turns hunger on and off in order to maintain ____ in our body.
|
67. If you are hungry, your body’s awareness of that motivation was made possible through a(n) ____ loop.
|
68. A set point refers to ____.
|
69. The fact that homeostasis regulates hunger has led psychologists to conclude that the ____.
|
70. Having a set point may explain why we ____.
|
71. What statement about the mechanism of hunger and satiety is true?
|
72. Ghrelin is a(n) ____.
|
73. The release of ghrelin ____.
|
74. Which substance tends to be associated with feeling hungry when it is at a high level in our body?
|
75. What happens when the stomach walls distend to accommodate food?
|
76. Research has shown that hunger is most likely regulated by ____.
|
77. Research has shown that when we eat a highly nutritious meal, even if it is not a large amount, we will ____.
|
78. When you feel full after eating a big meal, it is likely that your stomach ____.
|
79. The hormone insulin ____.
|
80. The hormone CCK ____.
|
81. People who have had their stomachs removed ____.
|
82. If you have just eaten a large meal, it is likely that your ____ is actively monitoring the amount of glucose and glycogen in your body and helping to turn on or off your hunger.
|
83. A liver that is not working properly is most likely to have what effect?
|
84. The conversion of glycogen to glucose is associated with ____.
|
85. The liver sends signals to the brain to turn hunger on or off depending upon the body’s level(s) of ____.
|
86. Insulin can contribute to the feeling of hunger by ____.
|
87. Which substance, when at high levels in our body, tends to be associated with feeling hungry?
|
88. Shen was injured in an accident. At the hospital, he was given an IV with glucose. What effect would this IV likely have on Shen’s level of hunger?
|
89. CCK is secreted by the ____ in response to eating.
|
90. CCK is secreted by the small intestines in response to ____.
|
91. The liver regulates hunger by monitoring the balance of ____.
|
92. High leptin levels in the brain are most associated with ____.
|
93. Research on mice who were bred to be genetically fat showed that when they were injected with leptin, ____.
|
94. Leptin is secreted by the ____ and appears to ____ hunger.
|
95. Yanna takes a drug that reduces her brain’s sensitivity to leptin. What will be the likely effect of this drug?
|
96. Leptin is to ____ as CCK is to ____.
|
97. Ghrelin is to ____ as leptin is to ____.
|
98. Release of ____ triggers eating.
|
99. Hal is given a drug that disables his brain’s glucoreceptors. This drug will likely have what effect?
|
100. Neuropeptide Y exerts his strongest effect ____.
|
101. Neuropeptide Y is ____.
|
102. Which statement is TRUE regarding the hypothalamus and eating?
|
103. A rat whose lateral hypothalamus was destroyed would be expected to ____.
|
104. Your beloved cat was injured in a fall from a tree. Afterwards, your cat seems to be ravenous all the time and gains a great deal of weight. Which part of your cat was most likely injured in the fall?
|
105. The fact that Mahatma Gandhi was motivated to go on very long hunger strikes suggests that ____.
|
106. Becoming hungry when we smell our neighbor’s barbecue illustrates the role that ____ play(s) in hunger motivation.
|
107. Intuitive eating occurs in response to ____.
|
108. Intuitive eating tends to be associated with ____, whereas eating in response to emotions and situational cues tends to be associated with ____.
|
109. Nearly ____ of Americans are obese.
|
110. In adults, obesity is defined as having a ____.
|
111. Your friend Tyrone has a BMI of 32. Tyrone would be considered to be ____.
|
112. Which is the most accurate statement about emotional eating and weight gain?
|
113. Regarding the causes of obesity, scientists would agree that the causes are ____.
|
114. What were the findings in a study of ethnic Hawaiians who had taken on a traditional American diet, and then were given their native diet?
|
115. One of the reasons that diets often do not work is that dieting ____.
|
116. The fact that our body’s metabolic rate decreases when we decrease our intake of calories suggests that ____.
|
117. Frederic goes on a very strict diet and loses 75 pounds. Six months after ending his diet, Frederic is back to his original weight of 260 pounds. Frederic’s experience is most consistent with ____.
|
118. In a study, dieters and non-dieters were given a drink and told that it was either high in calories or low in calories. Afterwards, all participants were given an opportunity to eat as much ice cream as they wanted. The results showed that ____.
|
119. Research on dieters who break their diets suggests that ____.
|
120. People who are on diets ____.
|
121. The two most important elements of a weight loss program are ____.
|
122. Exercise is important in any weight loss program because it ____.
|
123. To achieve and maintain long-term weight loss, those who have had gastric bypass surgery ____.
|
124. Research regarding the attitudes of Americans toward those who are overweight has ____.
|
125. Based on information provided in the textbook, prejudice against those who are overweight ____.
|
126. Madeline comes home from school each day and eats a half gallon of ice cream and a dozen donuts and then purges the food through vomiting. Then she does not eat at all until the next afternoon, when she repeats this ritual. Despite her normal weight, Madeline is likely suffering from ____.
|
127. What is a common characteristic of a person with bulimia?
|
128. An American woman has a roughly ____ chance of developing bulimia in her lifetime.
|
129. Jennifer is a young woman who suffers from an eating disorder in which she is extremely underweight and yet perceives herself as “fat.” Jennifer is most likely suffering from ____.
|
130. What is a common characteristic of a person with anorexia?
|
131. Tiffany keeps herself on a very strict diet. Each day, she eats no more than 1,000 calories. She also runs and exercises for at least three hours each day. As a result, Tiffany weighs 90 pounds, despite her height of 5’ 10”. Tiffany is most likely suffering from ____.
|
132. What is a characteristic that people with bulimia and anorexia typically share?
|
133. Anorexia is more common in cultures where ____.
|
134. According to research studies, if you had an identical twin who suffered from anorexia nervosa, you are ____.
|
135. Research suggests that both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may result from ____.
|
136. Wendy suffers from anorexia. Which characteristic is Wendy most likely to have?
|
137. Of the following, which is the more common eating disorder?
|
138. Tamara tends to consume very large quantities of food, but does not compensate for the increased calories in any way. Tamara most likely meets the criteria for ____.
|
139. What percent of the population seeking professional treatment for weight control may have binge-eating disorder?
|
140. Sexual desire is influenced by ____.
|
141. Research on the role of estrogen on women’s sexual desire shows that as estrogen levels drop, women ____.
|
142. The physical desire to have sex is called ____.
|
143. The period in which females tend to be most receptive to male attempts to mate is known as ____.
|
144. In both men and women, sexual desire is influenced by ____.
|
145. Which hormone is most closely associated with bonding?
|
146. One study found which aroma to evoke the greatest sexual response in males?
|
147. Areas of the body that are particularly responsive to touch are called ____.
|
148. Research on the number of sexual partners taken by age 24 indicates that which generation of women may be at the highest risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections?
|
149. Millennials report ____.
|
150. The correct successive phases of human sexual responses are ____.
|
151. During the ____ phase, excitement peaks and remains somewhat constant.
|
152. Compared to men, the resolution phase of women’s sexual response cycle ____.
|
153. Modern research has estimated the rate of homosexuality at up to ____for males and up to ____ for females.
|
154. Which statement is true?
|
155. The Matthew Shepard Act ____.
|
156. One study of 190 societies across the world found that approximately ____ of these accepted homosexuality.
|
157. Approximately ____ of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth report having experienced verbal abuse.
|
158. Disgust is an example of a(n) ____.
|
159. Emotions are best described as ____.
|
160. The James-Lange theory of emotion suggested that if you are angry, _____.
|
161. What is one of the three major criticisms of the James-Lange theory voiced by Walter Cannon?
|
162. Contrary to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, the James-Lange theory maintains that emotion originates in the ____.
|
163. If research were to show that individuals whose bodies are incapable of becoming physiologically aroused are still capable of experiencing emotion, which theory would have the greatest difficulty explaining that result?
|
164. Drew is almost hit by a car while riding his bike. As a result, his heart is pounding, and he is sweaty and shaking. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, Drew’s emotion is the result of ____.
|
165. The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion differs from the James-Lange theory on the question of whether or not ____.
|
166. According to Walter Cannon, if you experienced a very traumatic event, your emotional reaction of fear would originate in your ____.
|
167. Even though the James-Lange theory of emotion was criticized by Walter Cannon many years ago, more recent research suggests that ____.
|
168. According to current research, if you were to make and hold the facial expression associated with surprise for several seconds, your body would ____.
|
169. Recent research has shown the James-Lange theory to be at least partially correct about the unique physiological arousal states associated with emotions. This finding would not have been possible when the theory was developed because ____.
|
170. At some point in your life you may have been a little discouraged and had someone tell you, “Smile, it will make you feel better.” Such a statement reflects the concept and research behind the ____.
|
171. If you make yourself smile while reading your psychology textbook, research on the facial feedback hypothesis predicts that you will probably ____.
|
172. Research on the facial feedback hypothesis has shown that ____.
|
173. You are having a bad day and you feel rather depressed. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, how can you improve your mood?
|
174. The two factors in the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion are ____.
|
175. In the classic study conducted by Schachter and Singer supporting their two-factor model of emotion, participants ____.
|
176. According to the cognitive-mediational model of emotion, ____ is (are) the most important part of emotion.
|
177. According to the cognitive-mediational model, if others tell you that your psychology class will be fun and interesting, once in the class you are likely to feel ____.
|
178. Recent research suggests that ____.
|
179. Robert Zajonc’s mere exposure effect and the James-Lange theory of emotion share the common idea that ____.
|
180. According to the Schachter-Singer two factor theory of emotion, where should you take a blind date if you really want him or her to find you exciting and attractive?
|
181. The mere exposure effect is the phenomenon of ____.
|
182. You and your date both witness a fight in a bar, but you each have very different emotional reactions to this event. You find it amusing, but your date becomes very afraid. Which theory of emotion best explains why you each would have different emotional reactions to the fight?
|
183. According to the mere exposure effect, which individual should cause you to have the most positive emotional experience?
|
184. Fatima, an Iranian student, has not had exposure to American television except for a few episodes of the Flintstones cartoon on satellite TV. When she immigrates to the U.S., she has access to over 50 channels of cable TV, but she finds that she prefers watching the Flintstones to any other show. Which thoery best explains Fatima’s preference?
|
185. Which emotion is considered to be a basic emotion by most psychologists?
|
186. When visiting Japan, it may be helpful to know that, in general, the Japanese ____.
|
187. You are on vacation in a very rural area, where the people do not speak your language. Which facial expression of emotion will they be most likely to understand?
|
188. You have just met a person from a different culture. She has never been to your country and she does not speak your language. So, you must communicate through facial expressions and gestures. Which facial expression would you most expect her to understand?
|
189. If Joe and Jane were asked to guess the emotion expressed in the faces of several different people, it would be expected that ____.
|
190. Cross-cultural research on facial expressions has shown that ____.
|
191. Young children are not known for their interest in cleaning their rooms. Which child is likely to do the best job?
|
192. Whose behavior contradicts Maslow’s hierarchy?
|
193. Whose behavior is consistent with someone who is striving for self-actualization?
|
194. Self-motivation is also called ____ motivation.
|
195. According to self-determination theory, people need to feel ____.
|
196. Which substance facilitates the movement of glucose from the blood into our cells, where it is metabolized?
|
197. When fat cells release leptin into the bloodstream, it travels to the brain, where it is picked up by receptors near the ____.
|
198. Foods that cause a rapid increase in blood sugar ____.
|
199. Researchers are currently investigating the role that the neurotransmitter ____ plays in mediating leptin action in the brain.
|
200. Recent research suggests that chronic challenges to the hunger-regulating centers of the brain can disrupt its ability to sense and respond to ____.
|
201. In many cultures, food and feasting are an integral part of cultural customs, resulting in ____ eating.
|
202. For every male with anorexia, there are approximately ____ females with the disorder
|
203. A critical difference between bulimia and binge eating disorder is that those with bulimia ____.
|
204. About ____ of 18 to 29 year olds consider homosexuality acceptable, compared to about ____ of those who are 65 or older.
|
205. The collection of personality traits that your society typically associates with either males or females is called ____.
|
| Subjective Short Answer |
206. Compare and contrast the instinct theory and the self-determination theory of motivation.
|
207. Describe intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of motivation.
|
208. Name, in the correct order, the levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
|
209. Describe three significant biological factors influencing hunger.
|
210. Describe our understanding of intuitive and nonintuitive eating.
|
211. Describe the potential causes of anorexia nervosa.
|
212. Describe binge eating disorder.
|
213. Compare and contrast the James-Lange view of emotion with the Cannon-Bard view of emotion.
|
214. Compare and contrast the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion with the cognitive-mediational view of motivation.
|
215. What are the challenges in identifying “basic” emotions?
|
| Essay |
216. Explain how drive theory uses the idea of secondary drives to account for human motivations.
|
217. In Maslow’s need hierarchy, lower level needs are presumed to require satisfaction before an individual is motivated to pursue higher needs. When Mahatma Gandhi would go on a prolonged fast to protest a social injustice, how did such action square with Maslow’s theory?
|
218. Describe two mechanisms by which the brain regulates the sensation of hunger.
|
219. What research-based evidence suggests homosexuality may have a biological basis in some people?
|
220. Are emotions understood across cultures? Explain your response.
|
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
