ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY THE SCIENCE AND TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS,13TH EDITION KRING - Test Bank

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY THE SCIENCE AND TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS,13TH EDITION KRING – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05: Mood Disorders

 

 

Multiple Choice

 

 

1. In the opening clinical case, Mary M. reported a lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, and a loss of interest in activities she previously enjoyed. From this information, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for Mary M.?
2. a) Eating disorder
3. b) Major depressive disorder
4. c) Bipolar disorder
5. d) Generalized anxiety disorder

 

Ans: b

Type: Applied

Section ref: Introduction

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

2. Which of the following is not considered a common symptom of depression?
3. a) Psychomotor retardation or agitation
4. b) Sleeping too much or too little
5. c) Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
6. d) All of the above are common symptoms of depression

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

3. The DSM-5 includes __________ new depressive disorders.
4. a) 2
5. b) 3
6. c) 4
7. d) 5

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

4. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder involves
5. a) children.
6. b) adolescents.
7. c) adults.
8. d) both children and adolescents.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

5. The slowing of thoughts and movements by those experiencing depression is called
6. a) Psychomotor agitation.
7. b) Social withdrawal.
8. c) Psychomotor retardation.
9. d) Melancholia.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

6. Psychomotor agitation involves
7. a) Pacing.
8. b) Fidgeting.
9. c) Wringing hands.
10. d) All of the above.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

7. According to the DSM-5, bereavement-related symptoms are no longer excluded from the diagnosis of
8. a) Major depressive disorder
9. b) Persistent depressive disorder
10. c) Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder
11. d) Bipolar I disorder

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

8. Which of the following disorders is newly included in the DSM-5?
9. a) Bipolar I disorder
10. b) Bipolar II disorder
11. c) Bipolar III disorder
12. d) Persistent depressive disorder

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

9. In the DSM-5, __________ is included in persistent depressive disorder.
10. a) Chronic bereavement-related depression
11. b) Chronic major depressive disorder
12. c) Bipolar I disorder
13. d) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

10. Jacqueline has been consistently depressed fthe past three years. Based on this information, the best diagnosis for Jacqueline would be
11. a) Persistent depressive disorder.
12. b) Cyclothymic disorder.
13. c) Bipolar disorder.
14. d) Disruptive mood regulation disorder.

 

Ans: a

Type: Applied

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

11. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is distinguished from major depression by the addition of symptoms such as
12. a) Breast tenderness or swelling.
13. b) Bloating.
14. c) Joint or muscle pain.
15. d) All of these are symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

12. The DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder includes __________ depressive symptoms that are present for at least two weeks.
13. a) 2
14. b) 3
15. c) 4
16. d) 5

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16. The most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the U.S. is
17. a) Mood dysregulation disorder
18. b) Cyclothymia
19. c) Major depressive disorder
20. d) Bipolar disorder

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

17. Major depressive disorder is three times more common among __________ populations.
18. a) High SES
19. b) Low SES
20. c) Middle class
21. d) None of the above

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

18. Researchers have found that first-generation immigrants who came to the U.S. have __________ rates of major depressive disorder than those born in the U.S.
19. a) Lower
20. b) Higher
21. c) No difference
22. d) None of these answers is correct − it has not been determined yet.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

19. __________ as many girls as boys are exposed to childhood sexual abuse.
20. a) Twice
21. b) Three times
22. c) Four times
23. d) Five times

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

20. Which of the following factors has NOT been proposed as an explanation for the gender difference in depression?
21. a) Girls are more likely to be exposed to sexual abuse than boys.
22. b) Women tend to be more creative than men.
23. c) Women are more likely to be exposed to chronic stressors in adulthood.
24. d) Social roles promote emotion-focused coping among women.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders — Focus on Discovery 5.1

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

21. Which of the following people is least likely to have major depression?
22. a) A 45-year-old wealthy woman
23. b) A 35-year-old unemployed man
24. c) A 20-year-old wealthy man
25. d) A 19-year-old wealthy woman who has had one episode of depression in the past

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Gender Differences in Depression — Focus on Discovery 5.1

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

22. Every winter for the past three years, Natalie has felt extremely depressed for a period of months and is unable to keep up with her responsibilities because of her low energy and difficulty concentrating. She always appears to feel better by early spring and is at her best during the summer. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Natalie?
23. a) Cyclothymic disorder
24. b) Major depression—
25. c) Seasonal affective disorder
26. d) Natalie’s symptoms reflect normal mood fluctuations and would not be given a DSM-5 diagnosis.

 

Ans: c

Type: Applied

Section ref: Seasonal Affective Disorder: The Winter Blues — Focus on Discovery 5.2

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

23. Which of the following treatments for seasonal affective disorder is now considered a first-line recommendation in the APA Treatment Guidelines for Depression?
24. a) Hypnosis
25. b) Regular bright light exposure
26. c) Psychodynamic therapy
27. d) Traveling to a warmer climate during winter months

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Seasonal Affective Disorder: The Winter Blues − Focus on Discovery 5.2

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

24. Which of the following statements is correct?
25. a) Cardiovascular health predicts depression.
26. b) Depression predicts cardiovascular health.
27. c) Cardiovascular health and depression are unrelated.
28. d) Cardiovascular health and depression predict each other.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Focus on Discovery 5.3

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

25. Jack reports being in a wonderful mood. He has been very active at work lately, even working far into the night, as he seems to need only a few hours of sleep at night. He is very talkative and quickly moves from one topic to another, describing a scheme he has for making a fortune in the stock market. These behaviors represent a change from Jack’s normal behaviors and have caused severe functional impairment. He reports no previous periods like this. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Jack?
26. a) Overanxious disorder.
27. b) Dysthymic disorder.
28. c) Bipolar disorder.
29. d) Cyclothymic disorder.

 

Ans: c

Type: Applied

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

26. The DSM-5 recognizes which of the following forms of bipolar disorders?
27. a) Bipolar I and Bipolar II
28. b) Bipolar I, Bipolar II and Cyclothymia
29. c) Bipolar and Cyclothymia
30. d) Bipolar I, Bipolar II and Bipolar III

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

27. Which of the following statements is true?
28. a) All people who experience manic symptoms will experience symptoms of depression at some point during their lifetime.
29. b) An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I.
30. c) An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II.
31. d) All of the above.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

28. Flight of ideas refers to
29. a) delusional thinking.
30. b) suicidal thinking.
31. c) the thinking of a person with dementia.
32. d) rapid shifts in topics while speaking.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

29. To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, a person
30. a) must be currently experiencing manic symptoms.
31. b) must have experienced hypomanic symptoms as well as depressive symptoms at some point in their lifetime.
32. c) must have had at least one episode of mania at some point in their lifetime.
33. d) must have experienced at least one depressive episode.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

30. Which of the following best describes hypomania?
31. a) A type of mania that alternates with depression.
32. b) A type of mania more common in dysthymic patients.
33. c) A more severe form of mania.
34. d) A less severe form of mania.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

31. Which of the following is a chronic, milder form of bipolar disorder?
32. a) dysthymic disorder
33. b) cyclothymic disorder
34. c) manic-depression
35. d) hypomanic disorder

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

32. For a period of one week, Alan experienced episodes of extreme elation that caused significant functional impairment. Based on this information only, Alan was experiencing a
33. a) manic episode.
34. b) hypomanic episode.
35. c) depressive episode.
36. d) none of the above.

 

Ans: a

Type: Applied

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

33. Juan experiences symptoms of sad mood, increased sleep, agitation, poor appetite, and concentration difficulties most of the day. Julia, on the other hand, has symptoms of loss of interest in activities, lethargy, increased appetite, feelings of worthlessness, and recurrent thoughts of death. What can be concluded regarding Juan and Julia?
34. a) Both Juan and Julia have bipolar disorder
35. b) Juan has mania, whereas Julia has major depression.
36. c) Both have major depression.
37. d) Both have cyclothymic disorder.

 

Ans: c

Type: Applied

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders Subtypes of Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

34. In the past year, John has had three depressive episodes and two manic episodes. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit John?
35. a) bipolar I disorder — rapid cycling specifier
36. b) bipolar II disorder — rapid cycling specifier
37. c) cyclothymia
38. d) major depressive disorder — rapid cycling specifier

 

Ans: a

Type: Applied

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

35. What percentage of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder have a dual diagnosis of anxiety?
36. a) 1/3
37. b) 1/2
38. c) 2/3
39. d) 3/4

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

36. Which form of bipolar disorder is considered to be the most severe form of mental illness?
37. a) Bipolar I
38. b) Bipolar II
39. c) Cyclothymic Disorder
40. d) None of the above

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

37. The term melancholic is used for
38. a) manic episodes.
39. b) depressive episodes.
40. c) manic and depressive episodes.
41. d) neither manic nor depressive episodes.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

38. The DSM-5 criteria for cyclothymic disorder involves all of the following EXCEPT
39. a) it must have occurred for at least two years.
40. b) numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms.
41. c) numerous periods with depressive symptoms.
42. d) symptoms do not clear for more than six months at a time.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

39. Which of the following statements is true?
40. a) There is a negative relationship between bipolar disorders and creativity.
41. b) There is a positive relationship between bipolar disorders and creativity.
42. c) Creativity causes improvements in mood.
43. d) Depression causes creative outbursts.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Creativity and Mood Disorders – Focus on Discovery 5.4

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

40. Delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with the mood state (e.g., guilt, disease or death themes accompanying depression) are known as
41. a) mood-incongruent psychotic features.
42. b) mood-congruent psychotic features.
43. c) mixed features.
44. d) catatonic features.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

41. Extreme physical immobility or excessive peculiar physical movements are known as:
42. a) melancholic features.
43. b) catatonic features.
44. c) mixed features.
45. d) atypical features.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

42. Twin studies yield heritability estimates of __________ for major depressive disorder.
43. a) 37%
44. b) 85%
45. c) 25%
46. d) 70%

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

43. Which of the following disorders has the highest heritability estimates?
44. a) major depressive disorder
45. b) bipolar disorder
46. c) persistent depressive disorder
47. d) cyclothymia

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

44. Most researchers believe that
45. a) mood disorders are caused by a single gene that regulates mood.
46. b) mood disorders are caused by a set of genes.
47. c) mood disorders are caused by a dysregulation of norepinephrine.
48. d) mood disorders are caused by a single gene called N34.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

45. Norepinephrine and serotonin are __________ implicated in mood disorder etiology.
46. a) two parts of the autonomic nervous system
47. b) antidepressant medications
48. c) neurotransmitters
49. d) structures in the limbic system

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

46. Given the inconsistent evidence about levels of neurotransmitters in people with mood disorders, researchers have begun to focus research efforts on
47. a) whether specific levels of serotonin or dopamine are important.
48. b) understanding the types of people who have no disturbances in their absolute levels of neurotransmitters.
49. c) finding a new neurotransmitter.
50. d) the sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

47. Tryptophan depletion has been used to
48. a) lower serotonin levels.
49. b) examine dopamine receptors.
50. c) deplete norepinephrine levels.
51. d) raise sensitivity for serotonin.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

48. Which of the following statements is true?
49. a) Tryptophan is used to lower dopamine levels.
50. b) People who are vulnerable to depression may have less sensitive serotonin receptors.
51. c) People who are vulnerable to depression may have highly sensitive serotonin receptors.
52. d) A person who has very sensitive serotonin receptors is expected to experience lots of depressive symptoms as their serotonin levels drop.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

49. In regards to depression, the amygdala
50. a) helps a person recall painful memories.
51. b) helps a person execute plans.
52. c) regulates heart rate.
53. d) helps a person assess how emotionally important a given stimulus is.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

50. Functional studies of people with major depression show
51. a) elevated activity in the amygdala.
52. b) decreased activity in the amygdala.
53. c) diminished volume in the prefrontal cortex.
54. d) diminished volume of the hippocampus.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

51. John is in the middle of a major depressive episode. His friend, Sophie, has never experienced depression and she is trying to be supportive of John. If you were to show both John and Sophie photos of people with sad or angry expressions on their face,
52. a) structural activation studies would most likely indicate that John has a stronger and more sustained reaction in his amygdala than Sophie.
53. b) functional activation studies would most likely indicate that Sophie has a stronger and more sustained reaction in her amygdala than John.
54. c) functional activation studies would most likely indicate that John has a stronger and more sustained reaction in his amygdala than Sophie.
55. d) Based on this information, both Sophie and John would probably have the same amount of activity in their amygdala.

 

Ans: c

Type: Applied

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

 

 

52. Pleasure, motivation, and energy decrease in depression and increase in mania. This suggests neurological changes in the
53. a) amygdala.
54. b) second messengers.
55. c) HPA axis.
56. d) reward system.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

 

53. In both animals and humans, too much cortisol appears to produce
54. a) Cushing’s syndrome.
55. b) manic symptoms.
56. c) depressive symptoms.
57. d) HPA axis activity.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

 

54. Among individuals who are depressed,
55. a) cortisol levels are often poorly regulated.
56. b) most have Cushing’s syndrome as well.
57. c) levels of dexamethasone are dysregulated.
58. d) All of the above are correct.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

55. Stressful life events
56. a) are only related to the first episode of depression.
57. b) are important in triggering episodes of depression.
58. c) play little role in the onset of depressive episodes.
59. d) mediate the relationship between genetics and environment.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

56. After a stressful life event, most people
57. a) become depressed.
58. b) will have another stressful life event.
59. c) do not become depressed.
60. d) experience a reduction in social support.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knoweldge

 

 

 

57. Stressful life events appear to be a causal factor in depression, on the basis of research showing that
58. a) depressed people experience more losses of marriages and jobs.
59. b) many people report life stresses before they become depressed.
60. c) depression rates increase after major disasters.
61. d) lab induced stress leads to increased depression.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

58. People who are depressed most commonly have
59. a) just lost their job.
60. b) had a best friend die suddenly.
61. c) recently broken up with their partner.
62. d) low social support.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knoweledge

 

 

 

59. Which of the following statements is true?
60. a) High levels of expressed emotion predict relapse in depression.
61. b) Depressive symptoms are usually a result of expressed emotion.
62. c) Symptoms of depression can create relationship problems.
63. d) People with depression often elicit positive reactions from people around them because they tend to keep to themselves.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

60. Research has demonstrated a relationship between __________ and depression, which is moderated by __________.
61. a) loss; IQ
62. b) life stress; social support
63. c) diet; exercise
64. d) overly optimistic cognitions; intelligence

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

61. Over time, repeated interactions with people with depression typically result in
62. a) longer interactions than with people without depression.
63. b) the depressed person eliciting negative feedback.
64. c) the depressed person feeling less depressed.
65. d) more depression even if there is an effort to reduce the depression in the conversation.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

62. Which of the following personality traits has been most strongly associated with depression?
63. a) agreeableness
64. b) neuroticism
65. c) extraversion
66. d) avoidance

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Psychological Factors in Depression

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

63. If Stephanie is characterized as a person high in neuroticism, she
64. a) is not likely to become depressed, but likely to become anxious.
65. b) is at elevated risk for developing depression.
66. c) is likely to experience low levels of anxiety, but high levels of depression.
67. d) is most likely clinically depressed.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Psychological Factors in Depression

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

64. The depressive cognitive triad, according to Beck’s cognitive theory of depression, is
65. a) pessimistic views of self, world, and future.
66. b) negative beliefs about how things work in the world.
67. c) negative schemata triggered by negative life events.
68. d) distorted ways of reaching conclusions about events.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Psychological Factors in Depression

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

65. In Beck’s theory, one form of cognitive bias leading to depression would be excessive attention toward
66. a) the past.
67. b) global disasters.
68. c) childhood sexual abuse.
69. d) negative feedback.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Psychological Factors in Depression

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

66. In the latest version of hopelessness theory, depression results from inescapable aversive situations only
67. a) when the person believes they can survive the aversive situation.
68. b) if the individual already feels depressed.
69. c) for individuals who make depressive attributions during or following the aversive situation.
70. d) when a family member has a history of depression.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode:Comprehension

 

 

 

67. Jill is seeking treatment for depression, which started after she ended a long-term relationship. Which of the following would be a global depressive attribution she might make?
68. a) “My relationships end badly because I get jealous and I drive them away.”
69. b) “There must be something wrong with me, because I always attract people who are wrong for me.”
70. c) “Sometimes I feel there is something the matter with me. Maybe I am not pretty enough.”
71. d) “My next relationship will likely be better.”

 

Ans: b

Type: Applied

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

68. The hopelessness theory of depression is predicated on
69. a) depression resulting from previous helplessness situations.
70. b) biological features of depression resulting in negative attributions.
71. c) a return to the animal lab to further understand factors leading to depression.
72. d) cognitive diatheses that lead to negative attributions.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

69. Considering the etiology of depressive disorders, the latest evidence suggests that they are
70. a) neurobiological.
71. b) psychosocial.
72. c) both neurobiological and psychosocial.
73. d) mostly genetic.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

70. Research indicating that people with bipolar disorder describe themselves as very responsive to rewards may help explain why those with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for becoming manic after
71. a) life events involving goal attainment.
72. b) increasing the number of life needs.
73. c) deep depression.
74. d) receiving gifts.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

71. In bipolar disorder, depressive episodes are typically triggered by
72. a) similar factors as in major depression.
73. b) difficulty facing the seriousness of the disorder.
74. c) aftereffects of manic episodes.
75. d) neurological changes.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

72. As many as __________ of people prescribed an antidepressant stop taking their medication within the first month.
73. a) 10%
74. b) 20%
75. c) 90%
76. d) 40%

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

73. In interpersonal psychotherapy, the focus of treatment is on examining
74. a) how the past is influencing the present.
75. b) cognitive biases in relationships.
76. c) current behaviors and how they interfere with relationships.
77. d) major interpersonal problems in current relationships.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

74. Studies suggest that IPT
75. a) is relatively ineffective.
76. b) is comparable in its effectiveness to psychoanalysis.
77. c) is effective in relieving depression and preventing relapse.
78. d) is effective in treating depression, but fails to prevent relapse, especially in the elderly.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

75. Jolynn was experiencing major depression, and she went to a therapist who treated her with interpersonal therapy. Her therapist probably encouraged her to
76. a) confront her parents with her anger at them for neglecting her as a child.
77. b) keep a record of her moods over the course of the day and their relationship to the number of positive contacts she has with other people.
78. c) examine her own way of relating to others in her environment.
79. d) attempt to replace depressing memories with happy ones.

 

Ans: c

Type: Applied

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

76. Behavioral activation involves
77. a) increasing the number of meaningful relationships.
78. b) increasing one’s commitment to therapy.
79. c) increasing serotonin levels.
80. d) increasing the number of active, pleasurable experiences.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

77. Mindfulness-based therapy is adapted from
78. a) cognitive therapy.
79. b) IPT.
80. c) psychoanalysis.
81. d) behavioral therapy.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

78. Mindfulness-based therapy is
79. a) most effective for women.
80. b) most effective for people who have had just one major depressive episode.
81. c) most effective for people who experience recurrent depressive episodes.
82. d) as effective as treatment as usual.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

79. Across paradigms, treatment of mood disorders typically includes
80. a) psychoeducation.
81. b) cognitive therapy.
82. c) behavioral marital therapy.
83. d) behavioral activation.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

80. Recent trials of psychological treatment of bipolar disorder have shown that
81. a) only medication should be used to treat bipolar disorder.
82. b) several established treatments can help people with bipolar disorder stay on medication and avoid hospitalization.
83. c) these treatments only help with the highs (mania) and not the lows (depression).
84. d) these treatments work better in decreasing symptoms than medication.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

81. In modern applications of electroconvulsive therapy, electrical current
82. a) is not used. Instead, convulsions are induced chemically.
83. b) is passed only through the frontal lobe.
84. c) is higher than in the past.
85. d) is passed through the non-dominant hemisphere.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

82. Jacob’s psychiatrist has recommended electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT), and Jacob is debating whether to consent to this treatment. Which of the following risks should Jacob consider when making his decision?
83. a) bone fractures caused by the seizure
84. b) memory loss and confusion
85. c) developing a seizure disorder
86. d) permanent changes in brain structure

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

83. Electroconvulsive therapy
84. a) can be a highly effective in treating depression, especially depression with psychotic features.
85. b) is so risky that it is only reserved for people who are actively suicidal.
86. c) is no longer used in the treatment of depression.
87. d) is usually recommended if a person does not respond to SSRIs in the second week of treatment.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

84. Tricyclics (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are
85. a) never used any more.
86. b) parts of the limbic system implicated in mood disorders.
87. c) neurotransmitters.
88. d) antidepressant medications.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

85. Given that antidepressant medications have been demonstrated to be effective, why are other treatments for depression still used?
86. a) The medication is effective only for the first few weeks of use.
87. b) Medication is effective in treating bipolar but not unipolar patients.
88. c) The medications are only effective for children and adolescents.
89. d) Patients often do not recover or relapse after they stop taking the medication.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

86. Which of the following is a major problem that remains in the use of medication for the treatment of depression?
87. a) Relapse after medication discontinuation.
88. b) Permanent memory loss associated with some medicines.
89. c) There is little effect upon negative attributions.
90. d) All of the above are problems in medication treatment.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

87. Medications as a treatment for depression
88. a) are no longer used, since psychotherapy has been demonstrated to be more effective.
89. b) are used almost exclusively, since they have been found to be superior to psychotherapy.
90. c) continue to be used despite evidence of ineffectiveness and serious side effects.
91. d) are used most effectively in conjunction with psychotherapy.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

88. The latest findings regarding the efficacy of medication versus psychotherapy in the treatment of depression conclude that
89. a) medication is superior to psychotherapy in the long term.
90. b) findings are inconsistent, thus more research is needed in this area.
91. c) psychotherapy works better than medication in the short term.
92. d) none of the above.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

89. Scott has bipolar disorder. Which medication is the most likely to be prescribed?
90. a) imipramine
91. b) lithium carbonate
92. c) an MAO inhibitor
93. d) fluoxetine (Prozac)

 

Ans: b

Type: Applied

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

90. If a psychiatrist chooses to prescribe an antidepressant to a person with bipolar disorder,
91. a) lithium can be stopped for the time he or she is taking the antidepressant, but must be resumed as soon as the antidepressant is stopped.
92. b) it should only be an SSRI.
93. c) it is crucial that a mood-stabilizing medication be prescribed as well.
94. d) it should only be a TCA.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

91. A recent study showed that the use of antidepressants for people with bipolar disorder
92. a) helps combat depression more so than a mood stabilizer alone.
93. b) should be considered a first-line treatment.
94. c) may also help treat manic symptoms.
95. d) does not confer any benefit in treating depression when added to a mood stabilizer.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

92. Which of the following is a problem with seeking psychiatric help from a primary care physician?
93. a) Primary care doctors only know how to prescribe SSRI’s.
94. b) Primary care doctors tend to overreact to psychopathology.
95. c) It is more expensive to obtain psychiatric help from a primary care doctor.
96. d) Primary care doctors often give medicine but are not trained to properly to diagnose episodes of depression.

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

93. Which of the following describes the relationship between depression and suicide?
94. a) Almost all people who commit suicide are depressed.
95. b) Almost all people who are depressed attempt suicide.
96. c) More than half of the people who attempt suicide are depressed at the time of the act.
97. d) Contrary to popular belief, there is no relationship between depression and suicide.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

94. In regard to suicide and gender, more __________ attempt suicide and more __________ actually kill themselves.
95. a) women; men
96. b) women; women
97. c) men; men
98. d) men; women

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide as well as the neurobiological, social, and psychological risk factors associated with suicide.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

95. Studies of the epidemiology of suicide suggest that
96. a) about 10% to 20% of people report suicidal ideation at one point in their life.
97. b) suicide rates decrease with age.
98. c) men are more likely to attempt suicide.
99. d) rates are lower among regular churchgoers.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide as well as the neurobiological, social, and psychological risk factors associated with suicide.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

96. Studies suggest that suicide risk is
97. a) always due to social factors.
98. b) always due to environmental factors.
99. c) partially heritable.
100. d) caused by low levels of norepinephrine.

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide as well as the neurobiological, social, and psychological risk factors associated with suicide.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

97. Studies of neurochemistry and suicide have found low levels of ____________ major metabolite in suicide victims.
98. a) norepinephrine’s
99. b) dopamine’s
100. c) serotonin’s
101. d) all of the above

 

Ans: c

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide as well as the neurobiological, social, and psychological risk factors associated with suicide.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

98. While many difficulties might get a person thinking about suicide, __________ seems to predict the switch from suicidal thoughts to suicidal actions.
99. a) impulsivity
100. b) mania
101. c) drug abuse
102. d) helplessness

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide as well as the neurobiological, social, and psychological risk factors associated with suicide.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

99. The Reasons for Living inventory focuses upon
100. a) the amount of time the person has felt suicidal.
101. b) the things in a person’s life that prevent suicide.
102. c) the motivation for committing suicide.
103. d) how people will react to the examinee’s suicide.

 

Ans: b

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe methods for preventing suicide.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

100. Which of the following characteristics is strongly tied to suicidality?
101. a) introversion
102. b) hostility and cynicism
103. c) ambivalence
104. d) hopelessness

 

Ans: d

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide as well as the neurobiological, social, and psychological risk factors associated with suicide.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

101. Which of the following reasons make suicide difficult to address among college students?
102. a) Most schools encourage students who are suicidal to withdraw.
103. b) Suicidal feelings are so common among this population that one should just wait it out.
104. c) There are not enough counseling centers available for students to get help.
105. d) School insurance does not cover suicidality.

 

Ans: a

Type: Factual

Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe methods for preventing suicide.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

 

102. The mood disorder called ____________________ was included in the appendices of the DSM-IV-TR but is included as a diagnosis in the DSM-5.

 

1. a) Persistent Depressive Disorder
2. b) Bipolar I Disorder
3. c) Major Depressive Disorder
4. d) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

 

Ans: d

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

103. Including symptoms of severe recurrent temper outbursts and persistent negative mood for at least 1 year beginning before age 10, _____________________ is a new diagnosis in the DSM-5.

 

1. a) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
2. b) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
3. c) Major Depressive Disorder
4. d) Persistent Depressive Disorder

 

Ans: a

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

104. In one prospective study, feelings of rejection and self-hatred preceded the behavior of _______________.

 

1. a) Suicidal self-injury
2. b) Nonsuicidal self-injury
3. c) Mania
4. d) None of the above

 

Ans:  b

Type: Knowledge

Section: Focus on Discovery 5.6

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

105. Nonsuicidal self-injury is described in section III of the DSM-5 in order to
106. a) focus more attention on this issue
107. b) reduce the incidence of this problematic behavior
108. c) make clear that it is not diagnosable
109. d) distinguish it from serious suicidal intent

 

Ans: a

Type: Knowledge

Section: Focus on Discovery 5.6

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

106. The diagnosis of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder should NOT be made when
107. a) there has ever been a manic episode lasting longer than one day.
108. b) there has never been a manic episode lasting longer than one day.
109. c) the temper outbursts are frequent and inconsistent with the child’s developmental level.
110. d) there is a family history of bipolar disorder.

 

Ans: a

Type: Application

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

 

 

 

107. The symptoms of ____________ must occur most severely within the week before menses.
108. a) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
109. b) Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
110. c) Perimenstrual Distress Disorder (PMDD)
111. d) Premenstrual Myalgia Syndrome (PMS)

 

Ans: a

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

108. The diagnosis of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder includes the criterion that
109. a) The symptoms must resolve completely within a few days of the onset of menses.
110. b) The symptoms must persist in similar severity from a few days before to a few days after the onset of menses.
111. c) The symptoms must be most severe during menses.
112. d) The symptom of self-depreciation must be present.

 

Ans: a

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

109. Major Depressive Disorder-Chronic Subtype and Dysthymia have been combined into the new diagnosis of __________________ in the DSM-5.
110. a) Persistent Depressive Disorder
111. b) Major Depressive Disorder
112. c) Bipolar I Disorder
113. d) Premenstrual Depressive Disorder

 

Ans: a

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

110. The DSM-5 includes ___ new mood disorders.
111. a) 2
112. b) 3
113. c) 1
114. d) 4

 

Ans:  b

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

111. All of the following are mood disorders in the DSM-5 except:
112. a) Mixed Anxiety/Depressive Disorder
113. b) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
114. c) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
115. d) Cyclothymia

 

Ans: a

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

112. Which of the following is a new mood disorder in the DSM-5?
113. a) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
114. b) Cyclothymia
115. c) Bipolar III
116. d) Mixed Anxiety/Depressive Disorder

 

Ans: a

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

113. Which of the following symptoms differentiate Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder from Persistent Depressive Disorder?
114. a) Joint or muscle pain indicates Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder but not Persistent Depressive Disorder.
115. b) Depressive symptoms must persist for at least two years in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder but not in Persistent Depressive Disorder.
116. c) Sleeping too much or too little is indicative of Persistent Depressive Disorder but not Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
117. d) The only distinction is in the timing and frequency of the symptoms.

 

Ans: a

Type: Analysis

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

Short-Answer

 

 

 

114. What was the most significant change to the criteria for the postpartum onset specifier in major depressive disorder?

 

Ans: The specifier was changed to include the perinatal period, including onset during pregnancy instead of just following.

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

True/False

 

 

 

115. True or False? Joint or muscle pain is specifically excluded from the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

 

Ans: False

Type: Knowledge

Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

 

 

 

 

Essay

 

 

 

116. Compare Beck’s cognitive theory of depression with hopelessness theories.

Ans:
Section ref: Psychological Factors in Depression

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

117. Describe the interpersonal therapy for depression, and ways it is distinct from, and similar to, cognitive therapy for depression.

Ans:
Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

118. Discuss genetic factors in the etiology of mood disorders.

Ans:
Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

 

 

 

119. Discuss the role of neurotransmitters in the etiology of mood disorders. Be sure to include a discussion of the mixed findings within this area of research.

Ans:
Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

120. What do brain-imaging studies suggest about major depressive disorder?

Ans:
Section ref: Etiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

 

 

 

121. Discuss why researchers have linked certain symptoms of depression and mania to changes in the sensitivity of the reward system in the brain.

Ans:
Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

 

 

 

122. Discuss the role of life events in depression.

Ans:
Section ref: Social Factors in Depression: Childhood Adversity, Life Events, and Interpersonal Difficulties

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

123. What is neuroticism? Discuss the role of neuroticism in relation to depression.

Ans:
Section ref: Psychological Factors in Depression

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological factors that contribute to the mood disorders.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

 

 

 

124. Define ECT and discuss how it is used today. What are the pros and cons of undergoing this treatment?

Ans:
Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

125. Discuss the problems that can arise when individuals seek psychiatric help from primary care doctors.

Ans:
Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

 

 

 

126. Discuss the treatment options, and prognosis, for individuals with bipolar disorder.

Ans:
Section ref: Treatment of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.

Bloomcode: Analysis

 

 

 

127. Why do people commit suicide? Discuss several different explanations for suicide.

Ans:
Section ref: Suicide

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide as well as the neurobiological, social, and psychological risk factors associated with suicide.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

 

 

 

128. What are some of the changes in the DSM-5 involving mood disorders?

Ans:
Section ref: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression and mania, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of these disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis