Abnormal Psychology 17th Edition by Jill M. Hooley - Test Bank

Abnormal Psychology 17th Edition by Jill M. Hooley – Test Bank

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Chapter 5

Stress and Physical and Mental Health

Section 1 Test Item File ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 208

Multiple-Choice Questions ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 208

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions …………………………………………………………………………………………. 230

Short-Answer Questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 232

Essay Questions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 234

Section 2 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions………………………………………………………. 235

End-of-Module Quiz ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 235

End-of-Chapter Quiz ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 247

Total	Chapter 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health
Assessment Guide	Chapter 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health
Topic		Factual	Conceptual	Applied
Learning Objective 5.1	Multiple Choice	1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 27, 28	13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26	3, 17, 23, 25,
	Fill in the Blank	90
	Short Answer	100	99, 101, 102
	Essay		110
Learning Objective 5.2	Multiple Choice	29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46	31	34
	Fill in the Blank	91
	Short Answer	103
	Essay		111
Learning Objective 5.3	Multiple Choice	47, 48, 49, 50
	Fill in the Blank	92, 93
	Short Answer
	Essay
Learning Objective 5.4	Multiple Choice	52, 53, 54, 55, 56		51
	Fill in the Blank	94
	Short Answer	104
	Essay	112
Learning Objective 5.5	Multiple Choice	57, 58
	Fill in the Blank	95
	Short Answer
	Essay
Learning Objective 5.6	Multiple Choice	59, 60, 61, 62
	Fill in the Blank	96
	Short Answer
	Essay
Learning Objective 5.7	Multiple Choice	63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76	67, 68, 71, 72
	Fill in the Blank	97
	Short Answer	105	107	106
	Essay	113
	Multiple Choice	63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76	67, 68, 71, 72
Learning Objective 5.8	Multiple Choice	77, 86, 87, 88	78, 80, 81, 83, 85	79, 82, 84
	Fill in the Blank	98
	Short Answer	108	109
	Essay
	Multiple Choice	77, 86, 87, 88	78, 80, 81, 83, 85	79, 82, 84

Chapter 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health

Section 1 Test Item File

Multiple-Choice Questions

The term “stress” is used in the text to refer to ________
only those external events in our lives that challenge us.
any positive demand made on an organism.
the effects of external stressors within the organism.
anything that makes us unhappy.

Answer: c. the effects of external stressors within the organism.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 133

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Distress is ________
seen when a situation is ambiguous.
a response to a happy life event.
the same thing as eustress.
a response to a negative event.

Answer: d. a response to a negative event.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 138

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Which of the following terms refers to efforts to deal with stress?
Coping strategies
Compensatory strategies
Sublimation
Projection

Answer: a. Coping strategies

Difficulty: 1

Page: 137

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

What do positive and negative stressors have in common?
They usually last indefinitely.
Both occur without warning.
They have an equivalent potential for causing lasting damage.
Both tax one’s resources and coping skills.

Answer: d. Both tax one’s resources and coping skills.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 138

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

In DSM-5, a new category has been added. What is this new category?
Stress not specified
Positive stressor disorders
Stress and psychopathology
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Answer: d. Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Difficulty: 1

Page: 138

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Which of the following psychological disturbances does not occur in response to an identifiable experience?
Adjustment disorder
Acute stress disorder
Depression
Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer: c. Depression

Difficulty: 2

Page: 138

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

According to your textbook, which of the following is most stressful to people and animals?
Constant stressors
Predictable stressors
Uncontrollable stressors
Physical stressors

Answer: c. Uncontrollable stressors

Difficulty: 1

Page: 139

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Selye ________
recognized that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress.
conducted extensive research on the effects of stress on the immune system.
failed to acknowledge the role of the environment in adapting to stress.
focused on the cognitive component of the stress response.

Answer: a. recognized that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 138

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Coping strategies are ________
efforts to deal with stress.
efforts to avoid conflict.
the same thing as eustress.
the dynamic interaction between the types of stressors and the person.

Answer: a. efforts to deal with stress.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 137

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Which of the following factors is linked to a person’s ability to cope better?
Intelligence
Social support
Absence of the 5HT-TLPR gene
Early life stress

Answer: b. Social support

Difficulty: 2

Page: 138

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Stress tolerance is ________
a biological attribute
a pressure
a person’s ability to withstand stress without becoming seriously impaired
a crisis for most people

Answer: c. a person’s ability to withstand stress without becoming seriously impaired

Difficulty: 1

Page: 139

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Crisis is ________
a double avoidance conflict.
when the individual cannot make a decision.
an internal pressure.
when a stressful situation overwhelms the individual.

Answer: d. when a stressful situation overwhelms the individual.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 140

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Which of the following is not considered a life change?
Being promoted
Being diabetic
Getting pregnant
A death in the family

Answer: b. Being diabetic

Difficulty: 1

Page: 140

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

What is not a key factor in making a stressor more serious?
How long it lasts
How severe it is
Its type or category
How expected it is

Answer: c. Its type or category

Difficulty: 1

Page: 140

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

According to the text, a factor that does not make one stressor more serious than another includes________.
severity
chronicity
geographic region
how expected it is.

Answer: c. geographic region

Difficulty: 2

Page: 140

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

The term “crisis” refers to ________
any time when a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope.
encountering a number of stressors simultaneously.
a period of especially acute stress.
any encounter that requires a readjustment of self concept.

Answer: a. any time when a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 140

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Who is likely to have the most severe stress?
Anne, who is planning her wedding
Bill, who has a deadline the next day for an important project
Lauren, who sees the aftermath of an accident
Josh, who has just been told he has cancer and whose wife announces she is leaving him when he tells her the news

Answer: d. Josh, who has just been told he has cancer and whose wife announces she is leaving him when he tells her the news.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 140

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

What is the difference between a stressor and a crisis?
There is no difference, these are just two words for the same thing.
While all crises are stressors, not all stressors are crises.
There is a biological response to stress, but not to crisis.
A stressor is an unexpected crisis.

Answer: b. While all crises are stressors, not all stressors are crises.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 140

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

The development of new methods of coping ________
may be an outcome of a crisis.
always occurs when adaptive capabilities are exceeded.
increases the expectation of future failures.
is continuously needed as we face new stressors on a daily basis.

Answer: a. may be an outcome of a crisis.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 141

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale ________
examines the role that coping plays in dealing with life changes.
did not acknowledge that happy events create life changes and, as a consequence, stress.
is an imperfect means of quantifying the level of stress experience over a period of time.
has been used to demonstrate that life events and health are not related.

Answer: c. is an imperfect means of quantifying the level of stress experience over a period of time.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 140

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

A client is administered the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Which of the following would be measured?
Severe crises
Major life transitions
Availability of coping resources
Common, stressful life experiences

Answer: d. Common, stressful life experiences

Difficulty: 2

Page: 140

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

The Life Events and Difficulty Schedule ________
is another name for the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
allows the rater to consider the person’s unique circumstances.
was developed prior to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
does not provide any more information than the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

Answer: b. allows the rater to consider the person’s unique circumstances.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 140

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Which of the following is a criticism of the life event, interview-based scales?
They do not recognize that joyful events can be stressful.
They limit the kind of events that can be reported.
They do not recognize that multiple life changes will produce greater stress.
They are more expensive to administer.

Answer: b. They are more expensive to administer.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 140

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

The Life Event and Difficulty Schedule ________
provides a quick way to assess stress responses and coping skills.
allows raters to consider different circumstances around the same stressor.
focuses on how difficult life events are handled.
provides a timeline for describing the stress response.

Answer: b. allows raters to consider different circumstances around the same stressor.

Difficulty: 3

Page: 140

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Which of the following will lessen the impact of a stressful situation?
Holding unrealistic expectations about the stressor
Minimizing the use of social support
Preparing for the stressor
Being uncertain as to how long the stressor will persist

Answer: c. Preparing for the stressor

Difficulty: 1

Page: 141

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

An individual with a high stress tolerance ________
can function well in the face of a high level of stress.
is likely to be particularly vulnerable to slight frustration.
may feel threatened more readily than those with low stress tolerance.
is particularly vulnerable to acute stress disorder.

Answer: a. can function well in the face of a high level of stress.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 141

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Healthy psychological and physical functioning after a potentially traumatic event is called ________.
coping
resilience
compensation
adaptation

Answer: b. resilience

Difficulty: 1

Page: 140

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor that increases resilience?
Being female
Being older
Being African American
Being Latino

Answer: b. Being older

Difficulty: 1

Page: 141

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

The stress glucocorticoid that is produced in humans is called ________.
adrenalin
estrogen
cortisol
repression

Answer: c. cortisol

Difficulty: 1

Page: 142

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Cortisol ________
is always stable in humans.
does not respond to stress.
prepares the body for fight or flight.
prepares the body for sleep.

Answer: c. prepares the body for fight or flight.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 142

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Which of the following statements about stress is correct?
The response an individual will have to a stressor can be readily predicted.
Cognitive factors do not play a role in determining the severity of stress.
Some people are predisposed to respond poorly to demands.
Changes in the level of external supports one has are unrelated to stress reactions.

Answer: c. Some people are predisposed to respond poorly to demands.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 142

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

What is the name of the system that is designed to mobilize resources and prepare a fight-or-flight response?
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system
The cortex-thalamus cortisol system
The sympathetic-adrenomedullary system
The parasympathetic prefrontal cortex system

Answer: c. The sympathetic-adrenomedullary system

Difficulty: 2

Page: 142

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress?
Allostatic load
Homeostatic load
Sympathetic load
Parasympathetic load

Answer: a. Allostatic load

Difficulty: 2

Page: 141

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

I often find that when I am ill, I am not able to cope effectively with the normal hassles of life. I find myself becoming irritated by things that I would usually be able to ignore. Which of the following would explain this phenomenon?
When using resources to deal with one stressor, the ability to tolerate additional stressors may be compromised.
Major life changes may impair the ability to cope effectively with daily hassles.
During the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome illness becomes likely.
Allostatic load leads to psychological and biological vulnerability.

Answer: a. When using resources to deal with one stressor, the ability to tolerate additional stressors may be compromised.

Difficulty: 3

Page: 142

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between the ___________.
nervous system and the immune system
psychological system and the nervous system
psychological system and the immune system
nervous system and the hypothalamic system

Answer: a. nervous system and the immune system

Difficulty: 2

Page: 143

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Which of the following can cause stress-induced immunosuppression?
Serotonin
Adrenaline
GABA
Glucocorticoids

Answer: d. Glucocorticoids

Difficulty: 2

Page: 143

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Which of the following is the biological cascade that is activated with prolonged stress?
The adrenal-hypothalamic-prefrontal axis
The cortical-thalamic-neural axis
The psycho-neuro-biological axis
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer: d. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Difficulty: 1

Page: 143

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

B-cells are ________
cells that engulf antigens.
cells that produce antibodies.
cells that harm the immune system.
cells that are antigens.

Answer: b. cells that produce antibodies.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 144

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Which type of cells release interleukin?
B-cells
Macrophages
Red blood cells
Neurons

Answer: b. Macrophages

Difficulty: 2

Page: 144

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Which is not a stressor linked to immunosuppression, according to the text?
Vacation
Sleep deprivation
Spaceflight
Death of a spouse

Answer: a. Vacation

Difficulty: 2

Page: 144

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Which cytokine has been associated with depression and caring for family members with Alzheimer’s disease?
HIV
Adrenaline
GABA
Interleukin-6

Answer: d. Interleukin-6

Difficulty: 3

Page: 144

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

What is considered the “front line” of immune system defense?
Antigens
Cortisol
Leukocytes
Hypothalamus

Answer: c. Leukocytes

Difficulty: 2

Page: 144

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

The pituitary gland ________
controls the release of hormones by the hypothalamus.
is part of the immune system.
produces adrenalin.
is important to the release of stress hormones.

Answer: d. is important to the release of stress hormones

Difficulty: 1

Page: 143

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

The field of psychoneuroimmunology ________
focuses on the relationship between stress and mental illness.
explores the neurological basis of autoimmune conditions.
seeks to establish a link between psychological functioning and vulnerability to illness.
examines the effects of stressors on the immune system.

Answer: d. examines the effects of stressors on the immune system.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 143

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Prolonged stress leads to suppression of the immune system. What might explain the evolution of such a seemingly flawed reaction?
There is no reasonable explanation for this.
Susceptibility to disease would increase the likelihood of an early death.
Immune suppression has no lasting effects on overall health.
Such immune suppression might prevent the development of autoimmune illnesses.

Answer: d. Such immune suppression might prevent the development of autoimmune illnesses.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 143

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Work-related stress in the form a highly demanding job combined with ________ can elevate risk of coronary heart disease.
little opportunity for advancement
little decision-making control
a Type B personality
introversion

Answer: b. little decision-making control

Difficulty: 1

Page: 142

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

47. Stress slows the healing of wounds by as much as ___ to ___ percent.
5; 10.
12; 15.
24; 40.
55; 70.

Answer: c. 24; 40.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 145

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Discuss how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

What is Type D personality type?
The “depressed” type
The “dysfunctional” type
The “distressed” type
The “detached” type

Answer: c. The “distressed” type

Difficulty: 1

Page: 149

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Discuss how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

What seems to be the most important component for coronary heart disease in the Type A behavior pattern?
Hostility
Time urgency
Competitiveness
Work commitment

Answer: a. Hostility

Difficulty: 1

Page: 149

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Discuss how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

Stress tends to do what to telomeres?
Increases their strength
Decreases their strength
Increases their physical length
Decreases their physical length

Answer: d. Decreases their physical length

Difficulty: 1

Page: 148

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Discuss how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

Clyde is unmarried and has few friends. Why is he at greater risk for developing coronary heart disease than the general population?
He is unlikely to seek help if he notices problems.
Social isolation has been associated with increased risk of the disease.
He has no knowledge of his problems.
He is socially awkward and thus has increased risks for disease.

Answer: b. Social isolation has been associated with increased risk of the disease.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 151

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

What is a risk factor?
A variable that can occur within 6 months of a stressor
A variable that increases the likelihood of a specific negative outcome
A biological factor that increases resistance to disease
A reaction to a normal event

Answer: b. A variable that increases the likelihood of a specific negative outcome

Difficulty: 1

Page: 150

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

In regards to stress research, a risk factor is ________
something about the nature of a stressor that makes it worse for most people.
something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.
something in a person’s learning experiences that makes that person a thrill seeker.
something in a person’s genetic makeup that makes that person respond well to stress.

Answer: b. something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 150

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

People with heart disease are ____ times more likely than healthy people to be depressed.
two
three
four
five

Answer: b. three

Difficulty: 2

Page: 150

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

Sudden cardiac death is ______ times higher in men with high levels of anxiety.
two
four
six
eight

Answer: c. six

Difficulty: 2

Page: 151

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

Positive psychology is a school of thought that focuses on a person’s ________
strengths and virtues.
ability to achieve rewards.
mathematical abilities.
ability to distinguish right from wrong.

Answer: a. strengths and virtues.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 152

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

Which was not an effective treatment for stress-related disorders, according to your text?
Psychoanalysis
Emotional disclosure
Meditation
Biofeedback

Answer: a. Psychoanalysis

Difficulty: 1

Page: 13

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

What is the term for the procedure that aims to make a patient more aware of such things as their heart rate, level of muscle tension, or blood pressure?
Relaxation
Meditation
Hypnosis
Biofeedback

Answer: d. Biofeedback

Difficulty: 1

Page: 154

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

For an adjustment disorder, the symptoms must appear within __________ months of the stressor?
two
nine
three
six

Answer: c. three

Difficulty: 1

Page: 155

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

According to the text, PTSD _________
is a diagnosis that entered the DSM in 1990.
has little preexisting vulnerabilities.
has symptoms that tend to decrease with time in most people.
is viewed as an abnormal response to a normal stressor.

Answer: c. has symptoms that tend to decrease with time in most people.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 157

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

In the DSM-5, PTSD is a part of a diagnostic category called ________.
Anxiety Disorders
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Transient- and Chronic Distress Disorders

Answer: b. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Difficulty: 1

Page: 157

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

According to DSM-5, acute stress disorder becomes PTSD when _________
the trauma is an event out of the realm of normal life experience.
the symptoms last for more than 2 weeks.
the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks.
the symptoms begin within 6 months of the trauma.

Answer: c. the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 158

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

Estimates of the prevalence of PTSD _________
have not been made.
indicate that most people who experience a traumatic event develop PTSD.
demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women.
find that it rarely exists as a comorbid condition.

Answer: c. demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 160

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

A main symptom of PTSD in DSM-5 is _________
development of stress-related diseases.
reexperiencing of the traumatic event.
panic attacks when remembering the trauma.
depression.

Answer: b. reexperiencing of the traumatic event.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 158

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Approximately ____ percent of women develop PTSD over the course of their lives.
5
10
15
20

Answer: b. 10

Difficulty: 2

Page: 160

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

According to your textbook, what percentage of Army soldiers and Marines in Iraq report that they have been attacked or ambushed?
56%
63%
77%
92%

Answer: d. 92%

Difficulty: 1

Page: 161

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

During WWII, the descriptors of the traumatic reactions to combat conditions _________
emphasized that these were a product of organic processes.
placed too much emphasis on physical exhaustion.
did not differentiate these reactions from other psychological problems, such as drug abuse.
were comparable to what is now called acute stress disorder.

Answer: b. placed too much emphasis on physical exhaustion.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 161

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

It is believed that the incidence of combat exhaustion during WWII has been underestimated because _________
there was a debate as to how to differentiate between combat exhaustion and PTSD.
many men were treated in the field and never formally diagnosed.
those who were discharged for medical reasons were not counted when estimates were made.
many men who were diagnosed with the brain disorder “shell shock” were probably suffering from combat exhaustion.

Answer: b. many men were treated in the field and never formally diagnosed.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 161

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

“Combat exhaustion” is known as ________ today.
acute stress disorder
shell shock
PTSD
war neurosis

Answer: c. PTSD

Difficulty: 2

Page: 161

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Why should we study the causal factors in PTSD, since we already know traumatic events cause it?
Because if we do not study it, we will not diagnose it.
Political lobbying requires the study of it.
Victims often feel guilt about their reaction to the trauma.
Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD.

Answer: d. Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 162

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Why is there such a high likelihood of long-lasting psychological problems resulting from active combat experiences?
Research has revealed that those who enlist are more likely to be emotionally unstable.
When task-oriented coping strategies are ineffective, emotional breakdown is inevitable.
Combat situations present highly stressful situations for which there may be no truly effective coping mechanisms.
Basic training is ineffective at preparing new recruits for any of the challenges they will likely face.

Answer: c. Combat situations present highly stressful situations for which there may be no truly effective coping mechanisms.

Difficulty: 3

Page: 160

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Feelings of control over stressors _________
do not make a difference when it comes to extremely severe stressors like torture.
can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels he or she has some control, he or she tends to be less affected by the stressor over the long term.
can make people feel worse because they believe they should have been able to change what happened.
can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels he or she has some control, he or she tends to be more affected by the stressor over the long term.

Answer: b. can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels he or she has some control, he or she tends to be less affected by the stressor over the long term.

Difficulty: 3

Page: 161

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Which is an individual risk factor for developing PTSD?
Higher levels of social support
Having no family history of depression
Believing that their symptoms are a sign of personal strength
Being neurotic

Answer: d. Being neurotic

Difficulty: 3

Page: 162

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

The impact of torture _________
is always a severe level of PTSD.
can vary depending on the type of torture used.
can vary depending on if the torture was perceived as uncontrollable or not.
depends on whether the person previously had another psychological disorder.

Answer: c. can vary depending on if the torture was perceived as uncontrollable or not.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 161

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Having a history of psychological problems before going into combat _________
will make a soldier much more likely to develop PTSD.
will make a soldier much more likely to develop PTSD only if the combat situation is extreme.
sometimes increases risk of PTSD, but may lower it because the person is used to anxiety and copes automatically with it.
doesn’t have an impact on developing PTSD.

Answer: a. will make a soldier much more likely to develop PTSD.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 162

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Based on occupation, which of the following would have the lowest rates of PTSD following rescue work during a major disaster?
Waitresses comforting the injured at the medical tent
Construction workers trying to clear rubble
Teachers asked to hold bandages in place
Police officers removing the seriously injured from the site

Answer: d. Police officers removing the seriously injured from the site

Difficulty: 2

Page: 162

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Which of the following will lower a soldier’s risk of developing PTSD?
No prior experience in combat
Believing strongly in the goals of the combat
Whether he or she is in combat in a familiar country or not
Whether he or she talks about experiences

Answer: b. Believing strongly in the goals of the combat

Difficulty: 2

Page: 165

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Stress-inoculation training _________
involves learning new ways to think about an anticipated threat and then applying these techniques to several different types of threats.
prepares one to deal with a stressor by considering solutions to the problems that are likely to arise.
is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of any life challenge.
can be used to prepare for almost any disaster.

Answer: a. involves learning new ways to think about an anticipated threat, including what a person says to themselves

Difficulty: 2

Page: 166

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

For which of the following would the use of stress-inoculation training be most effective?
Preparing for chemotherapy
Dealing with the aftermath of a rape
Coping with the loss of a loved one
Minimizing the impact of losing one’s home, after it is lost

Answer: a. Preparing for chemotherapy

Difficulty: 2

Page: 166

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Stress-inoculation training ________
has been employed in the military and been found to be ineffective.
prepares one to deal with a stressor by considering solutions to the problems that are likely.
is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of an anticipated threat.
can be used to prepare for most any disaster.

Answer: c. is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of an anticipated threat.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 166

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Short-term crisis therapy ________
typically consists of six to ten sessions.
rarely involves family members or other medical personnel.
begins with the assumption that the affected individual was functioning well before the current crisis.
is usually provided by a trained lay person.

Answer: c. begins with the assumption that the affected individual was functioning well before the current crisis.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 167

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Arielle was in a terrible car accident in which several people were killed. A few weeks later, she began to talk about what happened. She told the story to anyone who would listen. This seems to be _________
a way to reduce anxiety and desensitize herself to the experience.
a maladaptive coping response that will heighten her distress.
a sign that she is beginning to develop PTSD.
a sign that she is in the shock stage of disaster syndrome.

Answer: a. a way to reduce anxiety and desensitize herself to the experience.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 167

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Following a disaster, debriefing sessions _________
provide those involved with a chance to share their feelings and concerns.
are not necessary for experienced disaster workers.
tend to increase the anxiety felt by many victims.
should be conducted by professionals.

Answer: a. provide those involved with a chance to share their feelings and concerns.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 167

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Which of the following would be an example of prolonged exposure?
Mandy visited the accident site.
Carol considered ways in which she could make her apartment safer.
John planned a new route to work.
Chris learned judo.

Answer: a. Mandy visited the accident site.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 168

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

The medications used in the treatment of PTSD _________
are used to alter the stressful situation.
act to minimize the cognitive response to the stressor.
provide the client with a temporary escape from the trauma.
provide minimal benefits for treating PTSD.

Answer: d. provide minimal benefits for treating PTSD.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 168

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Despite the many barriers to effectively researching the effectiveness of disaster responses, it has been found that _________
treatment benefits everyone.
a single debriefing session is always an effective “quick fix.”
cognitive therapy reduces the PTSD symptoms of the majority of those who are treated.
more study in this area is not needed as it is too expensive, too time consuming, and too subjective.

Answer: c. cognitive therapy reduces the PTSD symptoms of the majority of those who are treated.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 168

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

A significant drawback to the use of medication for PTSD is _________
it can work well during the day; however, the person often continues to have nightmares and sleep disturbances.
there is still some doubt about the extent of its effectiveness.
it can make people overly sensitized to the “warning signs” of distress.
there are no significant drawbacks.

Answer: b. there is still some doubt about the extent of its effectiveness.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 168

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Virtual reality exposure treatment for PTSD has been shown to _________
have no effect on PTSD symptoms.
have a significant effect in increasing PTSD symptoms.
have a significant effect in decreasing PTSD symptoms.
have no scientific basis.

Answer: c. have a significant effect in decreasing PTSD symptoms.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 169

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

90. The kind of healthy psychological and physical functioning after a potentially traumatic event is called __________.

Answer: resilence

Difficulty: 2

Page: 140

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

91. The biological cost of adapting to stress is called the __________.

Answer: allostatic load

Difficulty: 2

Page: 141

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

92. Relaxation techniques have been shown to help patients with essential ___________.

Answer: hypertension

Difficulty: 1

Page: 154

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Discuss how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

A recent development in looking at personality in cardiovascular disease is the __________ personality, which includes insecurity and anxiety.

Answer: Type D

Difficulty: 2

Page: 149

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Discuss how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

94. People with __________personality type have a tendency to experience negative emotions and also to feel insecure and anxious.

Answer: Type D

Difficulty: 1

Page: 149

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

95. __________procedures aim to make a person more aware of their heart-rate, blood pressure, and overall stress level.

Answer: Biofeedback

Difficulty: 1

Page: 154

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

The DSM-5 disorder that has symptoms of post-traumatic stress but lasts less than four weeks is _________.

Answer: acute stress disorder

Difficulty: 1

Page: 158

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

97. The outdated term “shell shock” is renamed __________ today.

Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder

Difficulty: 1

Page: 161

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

98. The treatment that arranges for survivors to discuss their experiences with others is known as __________.

Answer: psychological debriefing

Difficulty: 1

Page: 167

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Short-Answer Questions

99. What are two factors that predispose a person to have difficulty with stress?

Answer: Factors predisposing a person to have difficulty dealing with stress include coping skills and the possession or lack of particular resources. Other factors include family members with depression, lower levels of optimism and psychological control, and the 5HT-TLPR gene, as well as early stress in life.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 138

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

How is the severity of stress measured?

Answer: The severity of stress is measured by the degree to which it disrupts functioning.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 139

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Discuss two of the aspects of the nature of stressors that can cause them to be highly stressful.

Answer: Choose two from these options: If the stressors involve important aspects of one’s life; the length of time a stressor exists (the longer, the worse the effects); the cumulative effect of multiple small stressors (multiple stressors at one time); and how closely involved someone is to a traumatic situation.

Difficulty: 3

Page: 139

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

What are two factors that can lessen the impact of a stressful situation?

Answer: Choose two from these options: Understanding the nature of the situation, preparing for the stressful situation, perceiving that there may be some benefit, perceiving that one has control, feeling able to handle the event, having adequate social support, etc.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 138

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

103. What is the allostatic load?

Answer: The biological cost of adapting to stress.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 141

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

104. What is a risk factor?

Answer: Anything that increases the likelihood of a specific and usually negative outcome occurring at a later point in time.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 150

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

105. List four symptoms of PTSD.

Answer: The symptoms of PTSD are numerous and varied. They include nightmares, intrusive thoughts, irritability, insomnia, depression, and anxiety.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 159

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Give some reasons why political activists who were tortured may be less affected by PTSD over the long term.

Answer: Prior knowledge of, and preparedness for, torture, strong commitment to a cause, immunization against traumatic stress as a result of repeated exposure, and strong social supports have protective value against PTSD in survivors of torture.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 162

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Why are uncontrollable stressors especially difficult to deal with?

Answer: If a stressor is not controllable, there is no way to minimize its impact.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 161

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

108. What is stress-inoculation training?

Answer: This is a means of preparing one to deal with an anticipated event. It involves learning and practicing new ways of coping with the event. It might be used, for example, prior to some form of painful medical treatment.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 166

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

What is the goal of post-disaster debriefing?

Answer: Debriefing provides those who are affected by a traumatic situation with a chance to share their experiences, feelings, and concerns.

Difficulty: 1

Page: 167

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Essay Questions

110. Define the terms stress and stressor. Discuss three factors that influence stress and complicate its study.

Answer: Stress is the response to any demand placed on an organism. Those events that create stress are called stressors. An individual’s response to a given stressor is influenced by both internal and external factors, so no two people will respond in the same way to the same event and a given person’s response may not always be the same. The impact of a stressor is largely determined by coping skills, an individual’s perception of the stressor, the number of other stressors the individual is facing, and any existing predisposition to stress vulnerability. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points, define stress = 2 points, define = stressors 2 points, each factor = 2 points (3 @ 2 points = 6 points)

Difficulty: 3

Page: 137

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

11 Discuss the immune system’s response to an attack.

Answer: The front line of defense is the white blood cells or leukocytes, which come in two types—B-cells and T-cells. They respond to attack, multiplying rapidly to form a counterattack. B-cells respond to specific antigens, while T-cells (or microphages) engulf the antigens. This is an intricate process that involves multiple systems. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 142

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Describe two personality patterns associated with coronary heart disease.

Answer: Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive competitiveness, extreme commitment to work, impatience or time urgency, and hostility. Hostility appears to be the most critical factor. Type D personality is characterized by distress. People with Type D experience negative emotions and feel insecure or anxious. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points. Definition of Type A = 5 points, definition of Type D = 5 points.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 149

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

113. Describe four factors that can worsen a soldier’s response to the trauma of combat.

Answer: Choose four from these options: constant fear, unpredictability, many uncontrollable circumstances, the necessity of killing, and prolonged harsh conditions. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points, 2 points for each factor.

Difficulty: 2

Page: 158

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Total	Chapter 5 Revel Multiple Choice Assessments
Assessment Guide	Chapter 5 Revel Multiple Choice Assessments
Topic	Factual	Conceptual	Applied	Analyze It
Learning Objective 5.1	EOM Q5.1.1 EOM Q5.1.5	EOM Q5.1.2 EOM Q5.1.4 EOC Q5.1, EOC Q5.2	EOM Q5.1.3 EOC Q5.2
Learning Objective 5.2	EOM Q5.2.1 EOM Q5.2.3 EOM Q5.2.5	EOC Q5.3	EOM Q5.2.2 EOM Q5.2.4
Learning Objective 5.3	EOM Q5.3.1 EOM Q5.3.2 EOM Q5.3.3 EOM Q5.3.4	EOC Q5.4, EOC Q5.5
Learning Objective 5.4	EOM Q5.4.1 EOM Q5.4.3 EOM Q5.4.4	EOM Q5.4.2 EOC Q5.6	EOC Q5.7
Learning Objective 5.5	EOM Q5.5.1 EOM Q5.5.3	EOM Q5.5.2 EOC Q5.8
Learning Objective 5.6	EOM Q5.6.3	EOM Q5.6.1 EOM Q5.6.4 EOC Q5.9, EOC Q5.10	EOM Q5.6.2 EOM Q5.6.5
Learning Objective 5.7	EOM Q5.7.2 EOM Q5.7.4 EOC Q5.12	EOM Q5.7.5 EOC Q5.14	EOM Q5.7.1 EOM Q5.7.3 EOC Q5.11
Learning Objective 5.8	EOM Q5.8.3	EOM Q5.8.1 EOM Q5.8.2 EOM Q5.8.4 EOC Q5.15	EOM Q5.8.5 EOC Q5.13

Section 2 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions

End-of-Module Quiz

EOM Q5.1.1

The field of _________ is concerned with the effects of stress and other psychological factors in the development and maintenance of physical problems.

health psychology
neuroscience
clinical psychology
personality psychology

Answer: a. health psychology

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

EOM Q5.1.2

External demands that one might consider challenging or threatening are called __________, and the various effects they have an organism are called __________.

stressors; stress
stimuli; anxiety
eustressors; distress
distressors; eustress

Answer: a. stressors; stress

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

EOM Q5.1.3

Quierra has recently been given a reprimand at her job. Her boss told her that if her performance does not improve immediately she is going to be fired. She is understandably upset about this. The bad stress that this event has caused is called ________.

distress
eustress
anhedonia
affective lability

Answer: a. distress

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

EOM Q5.1.4

Research with nonhuman animals found that exposure to one stressful event increased responsiveness to other stressful events at a later time. This demonstrates that stress is ________.

cumulative
subjective
objective
subtractive

Answer: a. cumulative

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

EOM Q5.1.5

The positive physical and psychological responses that some people display when confronted with stress is called ________.

resilience
hardiness
perseverance
optimism

Answer: a. resilience

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.1: Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

EOM Q5.2.1

The biological cost of responding to stress is called the ________ load.

allostatic
homeostatic
extrinsic
dysregulatory

Answer: a. allostatic

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

EOM Q5.2.2

Which person is likely to experience the highest amount of stress on his job?

Ahmad, who has very little control over decision-making at work.
Bryan, who has asked for a small pay raise and is waiting for a response.
Kristoff, who has only been on the job for 2 months and is not sure that he is doing well.
Teetu, who is near the end of his career and is contemplating retirement.

Answer: a. Ahmad, who has very little control over decision-making at work.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

EOM Q5.2.3

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus when the HPA pathway is stimulated?

corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
androstenedione
acetylcholinesterase
melatonin

Answer: a. corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Fact

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

EOM Q5.2.4

When she goes to graduate school, Nanji wants to study how the immune system and nervous system interact, and how they are both impacted by stress. She should probably apply to programs specializing in __________

psychoneuroimmunology
health psychology
behavioral medicine
psychotraumatology

Answer: a. psychoneuroimmunology

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

EOM Q5.2.5

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for the antibodies that respond to specific antigens?

B-cells
NK-cells
T-cells
interleukin-1 cells

Answer: a. B-cells

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.2: Summarize how the body responds to stress.

EOM Q5.3.1

__________ are small protein molecules that serve as chemical messengers and allow immune cells to communicate with each other.

Cytokines
Basophils
Histamines
Leukocytes

Answer: a. Cytokines

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

EOM Q5.3.2

In Kiecolt-Glaser et al.’s (2005) study of married couples, people who were given blister wounds to their arm showed increased healing time when the body’s production of ________ was inhibited by evoked marital conflict.

proinflammatory cytokines
anti-inflammatory lymphocytes
supportive platelets
glucocorticoids

Answer: a. proinflammatory cytokines

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

EOM Q5.3.3

According to the groundbreaking research by Brown and colleagues (2009), people who reported _____ or more adverse events during their childhood died, on average, 20 years earlier than normal life expectancy than those who did not.

Answer: b. 6

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

EOM Q5.3.4

Studies have found that the length of the protective ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, are related to longevity. Which of the following may actually shorten the length of these telomeres?

Drinking sugar-sweetened soda

Having a pessimistic personality

Engaging in regular meditation

Using tobacco products

Answer: a. Drinking sugar-sweetened soda

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.3: Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

EOM Q5.4.1

The Type _____ personality pattern is marked by an excessive competitive drive, extreme commitment to work, impatience or time urgency, and hostility.

Answer: a. A

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

EOM Q5.4.2

Why is it that long-term exposure to proinflammatory cytokines is associated with an increased risk of heart attack?

The cytokines trigger the growth of plaques in the blood vessels, and these plaques can rupture.
The heart muscle is naturally allergic to the cytokines above a certain level, and this can cause an anaphylactic cardiac event.
Cytokines are “cardiopathic,” and they actually cause degradation of heart muscle tissue.
While anti-inflammatory cytokines trigger the brain to stimulate cardiac output, proinflammatory cytokines cause the brain to inhibit cardiac output.

Answer: a. The cytokines trigger the growth of plaques in the blood vessels, and these plaques can rupture.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

EOM Q5.4.3

Research examining the importance of social support and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) found that women who reported __________ on two separate occasions were 76% more likely to develop heart disease in subsequent years.

loneliness
anxiety
depression
hallucinations

Answer: a. loneliness

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

EOM Q5.4.4

The subspecialty of __________ psychology emphasizes the study of human traits and resources such as humor, gratitude, and compassion.

positive
humanistic
existential
stress

Answer: a. positive

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.4: Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

EOM Q5.5.1

Which of the following is the most important medical risk factor in predicting mortality for patients who have had a heart attack?

Depression
Diet
Substance abuse
A sedentary lifestyle

Answer: a. depression

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

EOM Q5.5.2

Research into the effectiveness of writing about one’s emotions has found that it may be helpful in speeding the process of recovering from a medical illness. Your authors suggest that one reason for this effect might be ________

journaling about emotions helps people rethink problems or reduce how threatening the problems seem.
the act of writing slows the mind down from the rapid pace of the world, and this facilitates physical healing.
when people write about problems they no longer have to think about them, and this helps reduce the release of stress hormones.
when one is assigned a certain amount of writing time, that takes away from time when other unhealthy behaviors may be occurring.

Answer: a. journaling about emotions helps people rethink problems or reduce how threatening the problems seem.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

EOM Q5.5.3

Research by Schneider and colleagues (2005) has shown that the daily practice of Transcendental Meditation may be helpful in reducing ________

blood pressure.
blood glucose.
serum cholesterol levels.
hostility.

Answer: a. blood pressure.

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

EOM Q5.6.1

What is the primary distinction between a diagnosis of adjustment disorder and one of either acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder?

Whether the stressor is something common and the severity of the symptoms
Whether the symptoms appeared before or after the stressor occurred
The duration of time that the symptoms have been experienced
Whether the symptoms are strictly psychological or also include physical maladies

Answer: a. whether the stressor is something common and the severity of the symptoms

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

EOM Q5.6.2

After her girlfriend recently ended their two-year relationship, Mariette has been having difficulty coping. She feels that she “can’t handle” this, even though she is still functioning adequately. Although the break-up is just two weeks old, she is visiting a therapist to help her deal with the stress. Which of the following might be the best diagnosis?

Adjustment disorder
Acute stress disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer: a. adjustment disorder

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

EOM Q5.6.3

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013), the rates of unemployment for African Americans are ________ as high as they are for white people.

twice
three times
four times
six times

Answer: a. twice

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

EOM Q5.6.4

Why was there objection to inclusion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the DSM when it was first proposed in 1980?

It was inconsistent with the atheoretical nature of the manual.
There was no research evidence that traumatic events could cause symptoms severe enough to be considered a mental disorder.
It was argued that the symptoms of PTSD were too similar to the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
PTSD was considered a medical, and not a mental, condition.

Answer: a. It was inconsistent with the atheoretical nature of the manual.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

EOM Q5.6.5

Which of the following situations might lead to a legitimate diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder under DSM-IV-TR, but would not in the newer DSM-5?

Kat is traumatized when she sees a video of terrorist attack on a school in Bolivia on the internet.
Lisa is severely disturbed when she is the victim of attempted sexual assault, even though she was able to fight off her assailant.
Ricardo watches a terrible car accident take place in front of his home in which the driver of one of the cards is killed.
Emilio is on an airplane that suddenly loses engine power, drops 20,000 feet in 2 minutes, and is in serious danger of crashing.

Answer: a. Kat is traumatized when she sees a video of terrorist attack on a school in Bolivia on the internet.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.6: Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

EOM Q5.7.1

Jayne was in a near-fatal car accident 6 weeks ago, and has been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder by her therapist. One of her symptoms, having regular nightmares about the accident, is an example of which major category of this condition?

Intrusion
Avoidance
Arousal and reactivity
Negative alterations in cognition and mood

Answer: a. intrusion

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOM Q5.7.2

The duration of disturbance that is required for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is __________.

2 weeks
1 month
3 months
6 months

Answer: a. 2 weeks

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOM Q5.7.3

When Dutch veterans of the Iraq War were given questionnaires, 21 percent of them appeared to have posttraumatic stress disorder. When structured interviews were used, however, that number dropped to 4 percent. This difference may have been for which of the following reasons?

Participants in the study knew if they were diagnosed with PTSD they would qualify for additional military benefits.
Respondents may have misunderstood questions on the questionnaire.
There were symptoms reported that caused much impairment in functioning.
Symptoms that appeared at times other than during or after a traumatic event were not included in the results.

Answer: a. Participants in the study knew if they were diagnosed with PTSD they would qualify for additional military benefits.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOM Q5.7.4

Which branch of the United States military seems to have the highest problem with suicide, both completed suicide and suicide attempts, among its soldiers?

Army
Navy
Air Force
Marines

Answer: a. Army

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOM Q5.7.5

Which of the following biological findings would seem the most surprising given the nature of posttraumatic stress disorder?

Baseline cortisol levels are often very similar between those with PTSD and healthy control participants.
Neuroimaging finds that the amygdala tends to be underaroused rather than overaroused in PTSD sufferers.
The medications used to treat anxiety and depression are sometimes very effective in treating PTSD.
Those who have undergone electroconvulsive therapy for depression seem to be much less likely to develop PTSD in response to future traumatic events.

Answer: a. Baseline cortisol levels are often very similar between those with PTSD and healthy control participants.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.7: Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOM Q5.8.1

According to the authors, which of the following is one of the most important ways to reduce the frequency with which posttraumatic stress disorder occurs?

Lower the frequency with which traumatic events occur.
Change insurance reimbursement laws so that people with PTSD can seek treatment that is paid for.
Create mandatory psychotherapy for soldiers who are returning from combat experiences.
Have mental health professionals available in emergency rooms for attack victims.

Answer: a. Lower the frequency with which traumatic events occur.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

EOM Q5.8.2

________ helps people tolerate an anticipated threat by changing the things that they say to themselves during a stressful event.

Stress-inoculation training
Critic incident stress debriefing
Rational emotive therapy
Gestalt proactive therapeutic training

Answer: a. Stress-inoculation training

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

EOM Q5.8.3

Which visuospatial video game was the focus of a research study by Holmes and colleagues (2009) examining the effects of distraction on consolidation of visual memories?

Tetris
Pac-Man
Qix
Bloxx

Answer: a. Tetris

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

EOM Q5.8.4

Although people who experience __________ sessions after a traumatic event often report satisfaction with the procedure, there is no substantial research that finds it to be effective at reducing symptoms of PTSD or hastening recovery in civilians.

debriefing
inoculation
re-exposure
in vivo

Answer: a. debriefing

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

EOM Q5.8.5

Marvin has been suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder since returning from combat in the military. He goes to his physician asking for medication to help reduce the symptoms. His physician tells him that only __________ medications have been found to produce modest benefits, and offers him a prescription for that medicine.

antidepressant
antianxiety
mood-stabilizing
neuroleptic

Answer: a. antidepressant

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.8: Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

End-of-Chapter Quiz

EOC Q5.1

Which of the following statements best describes what a behavioral medicine approach to illness is?

Understanding psychological factors that may predispose an individual to medical problems
Treating patients without the use of medication and instead using behavioral methods such as a token economy to ensure treatment compliance
Analysis of environmental change on the well-being of people
Recognizing the role of nutrition in treating illness

Answer: a. understanding psychological factors that may predispose an individual to medical problems

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

EOC Q5.2

Which of the following experiences is likely to produce the most stress?

Losing one’s home in an unexpected hurricane-related flood
Watching a film about what to expect during and after hip surgery before undergoing surgery
Going through a divorce
Talking with the dentist about what to expect with a dental implant procedure

Answer: a. losing one’s home in an unexpected hurricane-related flood

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

EOC Q5.3

With people who work during the weekdays, heart attacks are most likely to occur on _________ due to____________.

Monday; stress associated with returning to work after the weekend
Friday; the unstructured nature of weekend time
Sunday; taking on physical activities that are much more strenuous than those assumed during the week
Wednesday; the tendency of many employers to make more demands on their employees midweek

Answer: a. Monday; stress associated with returning to work after the weekend

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress.

EOC Q5.4

Chronic stress appears to impair the body’s ability to respond to the signals that will terminate immune system reactivity. The result of this impairment is ________

inflammation.
an overproduction of leukocytes.
dysregulation of stress-related signals between the brain and body.
heart rate increase.

Answer: a. inflammation.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

EOC Q5.5

In a study by Lewis and colleagues (2010), levels of CRP in blood samples in blood drawn from older African Americans were measured. The participants also completed a questionnaire about their experiences with discrimination. The results _______

revealed a correlational relationship between high levels of CRP and more experiences of discrimination.
revealed a correlational relationship between low levels of CRP and more experiences of discrimination.
revealed a correlational relationship between high levels of CRP and fewer experiences of discrimination.
failed to reveal a correlational relationship of any significance between CRP and discrimination.

Answer: a. revealed a correlational relationship between high levels of CRP and more experiences of discrimination.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

EOC Q5.6

Research by Chida & Steptoe (2009) and Wong et al. (2013) found that a Type A behavior pattern component correlated with coronary artery deterioration. Which of the following was the behavioral correlate noted?

Hostility
Excessive competitive drive
Extreme commitment to work
Impatience or time urgency

Answer: a. Hostility

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

EOC Q5.7

Danny, age 40, has been described by others as being prone to negative emotions. He is also insecure and anxious. Which personality type best fits the description of Danny’s behaviors?

Type D
Type C
Type B
Type A

Answer: a. Type D

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

EOC Q5.8

Although depression is a greater risk factor than medical factors are in predicting mortality for patients who have already had a heart attack, many physicians fail to treat depression. This oversight has been attributed to the physician’s tendency to ________

dismiss the depression as an issue because it is an understandable consequence of having had a life-threatening medical event.
be overly concerned about how antidepressant medications might interact with cardiac medications.
underestimate the connection between psychological and physical health.
avoid addressing issues that might create more stress on the patient.

Answer: a. dismiss the depression as an issue because it is an understandable consequence of having had a life-threatening medical event.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

EOC Q5.9

Individuals who experience prolonged unemployment are at a greater risk for ________

attempting or committing suicide.
engaging in acts of domestic violence.
developing an eating disorder.
engaging in illegal behaviors such as drug dealing.

Answer: a. attempting or committing suicide.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

EOC Q5.10

Criteria in the DSM-5 state that in order to be diagnosed with PTSD, the individual must be experiencing symptoms that have lasted for at least 1 month. In order to provide treatment to individuals experiencing symptoms shortly after a traumatic event, the diagnosis of ____________ can be used if the symptoms persist for at least two days.

acute stress disorder
adjustment disorder with mixed emotional features
generalized anxiety disorder
reactive stress disorder

Answer: a. acute stress disorder

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

EOC Q5.11

Demetrius is an Iraq war veteran diagnosed with PTSD who, while in Iraq, witnessed an army personnel carrier transporting U.S. soldiers explode. Since returning to the United States, Demetrius’s wife, Shania, notes that her husband seems detached and blames himself for every mishap that occurs in the family. In which of the four PTSD symptom categories do the behaviors described by Shania fall?

Negative alterations in cognitions and mood
Avoidance
Intrusion
Arousal and reactivity

Answer: a. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOC Q5.12

Which of the following traumatic events would be most likely to produce PTSD for someone?

A terrorist attack in a shopping mall
A serious automobile accident
A hurricane
An earthquake

Answer: a. A terrorist attack in a shopping mall

Difficulty: 1

Skill: Remember the Facts

Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOC Q5.13

Katrina, a police officer, has PTSD. She is working with a therapist who has her vividly recount the traumatic event over and over at each therapy session. What type of treatment is Katrina participating in?

Prolonged exposure
Stress inoculation training
Cognitive restructuring
Systematic desensitization

Answer: a. Prolonged exposure

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Apply What You Know

Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

EOC Q5.14

Data now suggest that individuals having a _______ may be at risk for the development of PTSD.

particular genotype of the serotonin transporter gene
larger than average hippocampus size
deficiency of the liver enzyme 2D6
smaller than average density of neurons in the basal ganglia

Answer: a. Particular genotype of the serotonin transporter gene

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.

EOC Q5.15

Reviews of the literature on the effectiveness of psychological debriefing sessions after a traumatic event have ________

for the most part, not supported the clinical effectiveness of the approach.
been extremely supportive in endorsing the clinical effectiveness of this approach.
find support for the clinical effectiveness of this approach when it is followed with short-term traditional talk therapy.
have neither supported nor refuted the clinical effectiveness of the approach.

Answer: a. for the most part, not supported the clinical effectiveness of the approach.

Difficulty: 2

Skill: Understand the Concepts

Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

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Abnormal Psychology 17th Edition by Jill M. Hooley - Test Bank

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