Biology The Essentials 3rd Edition By Hoefnagels - Test Bank

Biology The Essentials 3rd Edition By Hoefnagels – Test Bank

 

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Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 5   Photosynthesis

 

1) Of the following organisms, which one does not use photosynthesis to convert CO2 and water into glucose?

1. A) algae
2. B) oak trees
3. C) humans
4. D) some bacteria
5. E) a flowering plant

 

2) Photosynthesis

1. A) is not dependent on chlorophyll.
2. B) does not involve oxidation-reduction reactions.
3. C) produces water and carbon dioxide.
4. D) produces glucose and oxygen.
5. E) No answer is correct.

 

3) The reactions of photosynthesis are summarized as

2. A) 6CO2+ 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6O2.
3. B) 6CO + 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6H2
4. C) 12CO2+ 6H2O C12H12O6+ 6H2
5. D) 6CO + 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6O2.
6. E) No answer is correct.

 

4) Reactants in a chemical reaction are the molecules that are assembled together or broken down to form products. The reactants in photosynthesis are

1. A) oxygen and glucose.
2. B) water and carbon dioxide.
3. C) chlorophyll and oxygen.
4. D) glucose and water.
5. E) glucose and oxygen.

 

5) The main product of photosynthesis used by plants for food is

1. A) glucose.
2. B) oxygen.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) chlorophyll.
5. E) sunlight.

6) Photosynthesis provides ________ in the atmosphere that support(s) much of the life on earth.

1. A) organic compounds
2. B) carbon dioxide
3. C) chlorophyll
4. D) oxygen
5. E) sunlight

7) The primary pigment molecule needed for photosynthesis is

1. A) sunlight.
2. B) oxygen.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) glucose.
5. E) chlorophyll a.

 

8) The energy source for photosynthesis is

1. A) oxygen.
2. B) sunlight.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) chlorophyll.
5. E) glucose.

 

9) Which does not usually increase in overall abundance as a result of photosynthesis?

1. A) nitrogen
2. B) glucose
3. C) sunlight
4. D) ATP
5. E) oxygen

 

10) Organisms that gain energy by consuming preexisting organic molecules are called

1. A) heterotrophs.
2. B) autotrophs.
3. C) animorphs.
4. D) plants.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

11) Organisms that make their own organic compounds from inorganic substances are called

1. A) animals.
2. B) animorphs.
3. C) heterotrophs.
4. D) autotrophs.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

12) If you were asked to sort cards into drawers, a drawer marked “Packets of Light” would receive cards referring to

1. A) photons.
2. B) protons.
3. C) electrons.
4. D) lasers.
5. E) grana.

 

 

 

13) In algae and plants, photosynthesis takes place in the

1. A) chloroplast.
2. B) mitochondrion.
3. C) ribosome.
4. D) nucleus.
5. E) lysosome.

 

14) The ________, in the chloroplast, contains photosynthetic pigments in its membrane.

1. A) granum
2. B) mesophyll
3. C) chlorophyll
4. D) thylakoid
5. E) stroma

 

15) What is the gelatinous matrix inside chloroplasts that contains ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes?

1. A) granum
2. B) chlorophyll
3. C) thylakoid
4. D) stroma
5. E) mitochondria

 

16) Examples of photosynthetic accessory pigments are

1. A) chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
2. B) chlorophyll a and carotenoids.
3. C) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
4. D) carotenoids and DNA.
5. E) chlorophyll b and DNA.

17) Leaves of many plants change colors in the fall because

1. A) the cooler weather causes plants to produce more of the photosynthetic accessory pigments.
2. B) chlorophyll in the leaves degrades with shorter days and cooler temperatures.
3. C) the decrease in daylight hours causes the plant to produce more of the photosynthetic accessory pigments.
4. D) the plants produce more chlorophyll.
5. E) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

18) Sunlight is the energy source for the light reactions. The energy sources for the carbon reactions are

1. A) ATP and carbon dioxide.
2. B) NADPH and carbon dioxide.
3. C) NADPH and ATP.
4. D) ATP and oxygen.
5. E) NADPH and oxygen.

 

 

 

19) What is released at each step of an electron transport chain?

1. A) ultraviolet wavelengths
2. B) electrons
3. C) photons
4. D) energy
5. E) All answers are correct.

 

20) Electrons excited in photosystem II help the chloroplast produce

1. A) water.
2. B) NADPH.
3. C) glucose.
4. D) NADH.
5. E) ATP.

 

21) The product of photosystem I is

1. A) NADPH.
2. B) ATP.
3. C) glucose.
4. D) water.
5. E) NADH.

 

22) Photosystem I and photosystem II are part of

1. A) the light reactions and the carbon reactions.
2. B) the light reactions only.
3. C) the light reactions and respiration.
4. D) the carbon reactions only.
5. E) respiration.

23) Herbicides may kill plants by

1. A) blocking carotenoid synthesis.
2. B) blocking electron flow in photosystem II.
3. C) diverting electrons away from photosystem I.
4. D) interfering with amino acid synthesis.
5. E) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

24) The main product of the carbon reactions is

1. A) oxygen.
2. B) NADPH.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) a carbohydrate.
5. E) ATP.

 

 

 

25) Tiny openings in the epidermis of the leaf that allow plants to exchange gases with the atmosphere are called

1. A) thylakoids.
2. B) pigments.
3. C) stomata (singular: stoma).
4. D) grana (singular: granum).
5. E) thylakoid spaces.

 

26) If you were placing orders for experiments with rubisco, you would need ribulose bisphosphate and what other molecule to conduct the experiments?

1. A) glucose
2. B) ATP
3. C) carbon monoxide
4. D) organic compounds
5. E) carbon dioxide

 

27) The Calvin cycle is a

2. A) cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
3. B) linear pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
4. C) cyclic pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
5. D) linear pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
6. E) cyclic pathway that produces ATP and three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.

 

28) If you were conducting research on the functioning of a stoma (plural: stomata) to suit your awake-at-night personality, with which plants would you choose to work?

1. A) CAM
2. B) C3
3. C) C4
4. D) CAM or C3
5. E) C3or C4

29) Which plants are best suited to cool, wet conditions?

1. A) C4
2. B) C3
3. C) CAM
4. D) All types are equally suited.

 

30) In photosynthesis, the carbon in CO2 is ________ to form glucose.

1. A) respired
2. B) oxidized
3. C) reduced
4. D) energized
5. E) broken down

 

31) In photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms in H2O are

1. A) energized.
2. B) reduced.
3. C) reformed into other elements.
4. D) oxidized.
5. E) broken down.

 

32) The carbon atoms in the cellulose of a wood log originally came from ________ absorbed by the plant.

1. A) glucose
2. B) carbon dioxide
3. C) nutrients in the soil
4. D) water
5. E) oxygen

 

33) Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis. Knowing this, what products would be formed?

1. A) carbon dioxide and water
2. B) glucose and oxygen
3. C) oxygen and carbon dioxide
4. D) oxygen and water
5. E) carbon dioxide and glucose

 

34) The light reactions produce ATP, while the carbon reactions consume it.

 

35) The carbon reactions produce NADPH, while the light reactions consume it.

36) How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?

1. A) Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound.
2. B) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so CO2does not come into contact with rubisco.
3. C) Stomata are open only at night and CO2is stored in a four-carbon compound.
4. D) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so that high levels of CO2are always around rubisco.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

37) How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration?

1. A) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so carbon dioxide does not come into contact with rubisco.
2. B) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.
3. C) Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound. During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
4. D) Stomata are open only at night and carbon dioxide is stored in a four-carbon compound. During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

38) The light reactions provide energy to fuel the carbon reactions to produce carbohydrates.

 

39) The carbon reactions can run on their own without the products of the light reactions.

 

40) Which of the following occurs as a result of splitting a water molecule in photosystem II?

1. A) O2 is produced that can be released by the cell.
2. B) O2is produced that can be used by the plant in respiration.
3. C) Protons are released to assist in the electron transport chain.
4. D) Electrons are released to assist in the electron transport chain.
5. E) All answer choices are correct.

 

41) Most biologists agree that the light reactions are less important than the carbon reactions.

 

42) If oxygen could be traced, the oxygen in the water in a leaf would end up in carbohydrates after photosynthesis.

 

43) Plants need water to fill their cells and to perform the light reactions.

 

44) Water interacts with the machinery in photosystem II during the photosynthesis.

45) Electrons from water are used to replenish those removed from chlorophyll during the light reactions.

 

46) The carbon reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

 

47) For many plants to grow well in hot, dry weather, they must be watered so their stomata will remain open for longer periods of time to let in oxygen.

 

48) How would Earth be different without photosynthesis?

1. A) The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere would be lower.
2. B) Heterotrophs would have fewer food sources.
3. C) There would be destruction to the food web.
4. D) More sunlight would be absorbed and converted to environmental heat.
5. E) All answers are correct.

 

49) Green and yellow wavelengths of light are used to power photosynthesis.

 

50) If you were planning to extract chlorophyll from an oak tree, what would be the best starting material?

1. A) leaves
2. B) bark
3. C) roots
4. D) stems
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

 

 

51) Why are accessory pigments necessary in photosystems?

1. A) They capture a wider spectrum of wavelengths of light.
2. B) They donate electrons to the reaction center.
3. C) They split water into hydrogen ions and oxygen.
4. D) They conduct the carbon reactions of photosynthesis.
5. E) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

52) Biologists consider photosynthesis to be the most important metabolic process because without it, there would be no CO2 in the atmosphere.

 

53) Without photosynthesis, autotrophs would be more abundant.

 

54) The light reactions harvest _____, while the carbon reactions produce ________.

1. A) energy; carbohydrates
2. B) energy; phosphate
3. C) phosphate; carbohydrates
4. D) energy; nucleic acids
5. E) lipids; nucleic acids

55) What is produced in the light reactions that is used in the carbon reactions of photosynthesis?

1. A) ATP and NADPH
2. B) ADP and NADP+
3. C) carbon dioxide and oxygen
4. D) water and glucose
5. E) oxygen and glucose

 

 

 

Match the reactants of photosynthesis with the correct sources.

 

1. A) captured from wavelengths of light
2. B) absorption through roots
3. C) gas exchange through stomata

 

56) carbon dioxide

 

57) water

 

58) energy

 

 

 

 

Match the steps of photosynthesis with the correct descriptions.

 

1. A) incorporates carbon into organic molecule that serves as food
2. B) releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space
3. C) produces the electron carrier to reduce carbon dioxide
4. D) splits water and produces oxygen gas and protons

 

59) photosystem II

 

60) photosystem I

 

61) electron transport chain

 

62) Calvin cycle

 

 

 

 

 

63) Place the steps of the light reactions in the order in which they occur.

 

________ Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing NADPH.

________ Photosystem II captures a photon of light.

________ A pair of electrons is excited in the reaction center of photosystem II.

________ Energy is passed to the reaction center of photosystem II.

________ Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing ATP.

 

64) Rubisco catalyzes the fixation of CO2 with ribulose bisphosphate in the first step of the Calvin cycle.

 

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 5   Photosynthesis

 

1) Of the following organisms, which one does not use photosynthesis to convert CO2 and water into glucose?

1. A) algae
2. B) oak trees
3. C) humans
4. D) some bacteria
5. E) a flowering plant

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.; 05.00.01 Explain how photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

2) Photosynthesis

1. A) is not dependent on chlorophyll.
2. B) does not involve oxidation-reduction reactions.
3. C) produces water and carbon dioxide.
4. D) produces glucose and oxygen.
5. E) No answer is correct.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen gas and glucose. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.; 05.00.01 Explain how photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

3) The reactions of photosynthesis are summarized as

2. A) 6CO2+ 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6O2.
3. B) 6CO + 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6H2
4. C) 12CO2+ 6H2O C12H12O6+ 6H2
5. D) 6CO + 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6O2.
6. E) No answer is correct.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Many water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules are needed to produce one glucose. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

4) Reactants in a chemical reaction are the molecules that are assembled together or broken down to form products. The reactants in photosynthesis are

1. A) oxygen and glucose.
2. B) water and carbon dioxide.
3. C) chlorophyll and oxygen.
4. D) glucose and water.
5. E) glucose and oxygen.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Carbon dioxide and water are the starting chemicals in photosynthesis. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.; 05.00.01 Explain how photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

5) The main product of photosynthesis used by plants for food is

1. A) glucose.
2. B) oxygen.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) chlorophyll.
5. E) sunlight.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.; 05.00.01 Explain how photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

6) Photosynthesis provides ________ in the atmosphere that support(s) much of the life on earth.

1. A) organic compounds
2. B) carbon dioxide
3. C) chlorophyll
4. D) oxygen
5. E) sunlight

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Most living things need oxygen to survive, and that oxygen is derived from photosynthesis. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

7) The primary pigment molecule needed for photosynthesis is

1. A) sunlight.
2. B) oxygen.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) glucose.
5. E) chlorophyll a.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Chlorophyll a is a green pigment which colors leaves. Please see section 5.2 for more information.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

8) The energy source for photosynthesis is

1. A) oxygen.
2. B) sunlight.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) chlorophyll.
5. E) glucose.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The light that drives photosynthesis comes naturally from the sun. Please see section 5.2 for more information.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.; 05.00.01 Explain how photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

9) Which does not usually increase in overall abundance as a result of photosynthesis?

1. A) nitrogen
2. B) glucose
3. C) sunlight
4. D) ATP
5. E) oxygen

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  ATP is involved in photosynthesis, but all that is made as a result of the light reactions is usually used up during the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

10) Organisms that gain energy by consuming preexisting organic molecules are called

1. A) heterotrophs.
2. B) autotrophs.
3. C) animorphs.
4. D) plants.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Heterotrophs cannot use the energy of sunlight to reduce carbon for themselves and must consume what ultimately came from a photosynthetic organism. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

11) Organisms that make their own organic compounds from inorganic substances are called

1. A) animals.
2. B) animorphs.
3. C) heterotrophs.
4. D) autotrophs.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Photosynthetic organisms produce their own organic compounds from carbon dioxide. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

12) If you were asked to sort cards into drawers, a drawer marked “Packets of Light” would receive cards referring to

1. A) photons.
2. B) protons.
3. C) electrons.
4. D) lasers.
5. E) grana.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Light arrives for photosynthesis in discrete packets called photons. Please see section 5.2 for more information.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

13) In algae and plants, photosynthesis takes place in the

1. A) chloroplast.
2. B) mitochondrion.
3. C) ribosome.
4. D) nucleus.
5. E) lysosome.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in the chloroplasts. Please see section 5.3 for more information.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Chloroplasts

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

14) The ________, in the chloroplast, contains photosynthetic pigments in its membrane.

1. A) granum
2. B) mesophyll
3. C) chlorophyll
4. D) thylakoid
5. E) stroma

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Pigments such as carotenoid and chlorophyll are inserted into the thylakoid membrane. Please see section 5.3 for more information.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Chloroplasts; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

15) What is the gelatinous matrix inside chloroplasts that contains ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes?

1. A) granum
2. B) chlorophyll
3. C) thylakoid
4. D) stroma
5. E) mitochondria

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The stroma is the chloroplast’s inner fluid region. Please see section 5.3 for more information.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Chloroplasts

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

16) Examples of photosynthetic accessory pigments are

1. A) chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
2. B) chlorophyll a and carotenoids.
3. C) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
4. D) carotenoids and DNA.
5. E) chlorophyll b and DNA.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Accessory pigments help the main photosynthetic pigment by capturing more photons of light and passing their energy along. Please see section 5.2 for more information.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Chloroplasts

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

17) Leaves of many plants change colors in the fall because

1. A) the cooler weather causes plants to produce more of the photosynthetic accessory pigments.
2. B) chlorophyll in the leaves degrades with shorter days and cooler temperatures.
3. C) the decrease in daylight hours causes the plant to produce more of the photosynthetic accessory pigments.
4. D) the plants produce more chlorophyll.
5. E) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  When chlorophyll disappears from leaves, the accessory pigments are left behind. Please see Burning Question 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.02; 05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

18) Sunlight is the energy source for the light reactions. The energy sources for the carbon reactions are

1. A) ATP and carbon dioxide.
2. B) NADPH and carbon dioxide.
3. C) NADPH and ATP.
4. D) ATP and oxygen.
5. E) NADPH and oxygen.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The light reactions turn sunlight into the chemical energy in ATP, which is then used to power the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

19) What is released at each step of an electron transport chain?

1. A) ultraviolet wavelengths
2. B) electrons
3. C) photons
4. D) energy
5. E) All answers are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The electron transport chain extracts energy in a stepwise fashion. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

20) Electrons excited in photosystem II help the chloroplast produce

1. A) water.
2. B) NADPH.
3. C) glucose.
4. D) NADH.
5. E) ATP.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  The energy of light captured by photosytem II is transformed into the chemical energy of ATP via ATP synthase. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

21) The product of photosystem I is

1. A) NADPH.
2. B) ATP.
3. C) glucose.
4. D) water.
5. E) NADH.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  NADPH is used for powering the carbon reactions just like ATP from photosystem II. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

22) Photosystem I and photosystem II are part of

1. A) the light reactions and the carbon reactions.
2. B) the light reactions only.
3. C) the light reactions and respiration.
4. D) the carbon reactions only.
5. E) respiration.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The photosystems are only involved in the capture and conversion of light energy, not in the production of organic compounds. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

23) Herbicides may kill plants by

1. A) blocking carotenoid synthesis.
2. B) blocking electron flow in photosystem II.
3. C) diverting electrons away from photosystem I.
4. D) interfering with amino acid synthesis.
5. E) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Herbicides target a range of important biochemical processes, but some of the most commonly targeted are parts of photosynthesis. Please see Why We Care 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

24) The main product of the carbon reactions is

1. A) oxygen.
2. B) NADPH.
3. C) carbon dioxide.
4. D) a carbohydrate.
5. E) ATP.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The carbon reactions produce organic compounds, particularly carbohydrates. Please see section 5.6 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

25) Tiny openings in the epidermis of the leaf that allow plants to exchange gases with the atmosphere are called

1. A) thylakoids.
2. B) pigments.
3. C) stomata (singular: stoma).
4. D) grana (singular: granum).
5. E) thylakoid spaces.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Stomata control loss of water and uptake of carbon dioxide. Please see section 5.3 and figure 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

26) If you were placing orders for experiments with rubisco, you would need ribulose bisphosphate and what other molecule to conduct the experiments?

1. A) glucose
2. B) ATP
3. C) carbon monoxide
4. D) organic compounds
5. E) carbon dioxide

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Rubisco catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate. Please see section 5.6 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

27) The Calvin cycle is a

2. A) cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
3. B) linear pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
4. C) cyclic pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
5. D) linear pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
6. E) cyclic pathway that produces ATP and three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The Calvin cycle is where oxidized carbon dioxide is reduced into carbohydrates. Please see section 5.6 and figure 5.8 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

28) If you were conducting research on the functioning of a stoma (plural: stomata) to suit your awake-at-night personality, with which plants would you choose to work?

1. A) CAM
2. B) C3
3. C) C4
4. D) CAM or C3
5. E) C3or C4

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Nighttime work would be best with plants that only open their stomata at night−CAM plants. Please see section 5.7 for more information.

Section:  05.07

Topic:  Photosynthesis; C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  05.07.01 Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM plants.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

29) Which plants are best suited to cool, wet conditions?

1. A) C4
2. B) C3
3. C) CAM
4. D) All types are equally suited.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  If water is abundant, C3 photosynthesis is the most efficient pathway. Please see section 5.7 for more information.

Section:  05.07

Topic:  C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.07.01 Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM plants.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

30) In photosynthesis, the carbon in CO2 is ________ to form glucose.

1. A) respired
2. B) oxidized
3. C) reduced
4. D) energized
5. E) broken down

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Reduction involves the addition of electrons, which is done when carbon dioxide is added to an existing carbohydrate. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

31) In photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms in H2O are

1. A) energized.
2. B) reduced.
3. C) reformed into other elements.
4. D) oxidized.
5. E) broken down.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Oxygen atoms removed from water and turned into oxygen gas are oxidized. When that happens, they lose electrons. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

32) The carbon atoms in the cellulose of a wood log originally came from ________ absorbed by the plant.

1. A) glucose
2. B) carbon dioxide
3. C) nutrients in the soil
4. D) water
5. E) oxygen

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Carbon atoms originate in the atmosphere and return there when organisms die and are broken down. Please see section 5.6 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

33) Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis. Knowing this, what products would be formed?

1. A) carbon dioxide and water
2. B) glucose and oxygen
3. C) oxygen and carbon dioxide
4. D) oxygen and water
5. E) carbon dioxide and glucose

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Carbon dioxide and water are both the starting material for photosynthesis and the end products of burning material from photosynthetic organisms. Please see section 5.6 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

34) The light reactions produce ATP, while the carbon reactions consume it.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  The light reactions produce ATP at photosystem II, while this is used in the carbon reactions for fixing and reducing carbon. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

35) The carbon reactions produce NADPH, while the light reactions consume it.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are both used in the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

36) How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?

1. A) Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound.
2. B) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so CO2does not come into contact with rubisco.
3. C) Stomata are open only at night and CO2is stored in a four-carbon compound.
4. D) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so that high levels of CO2are always around rubisco.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  C4 plants separate parts of the carbon reactions in space to achieve greater efficiency in the use of water. Please see section 5.7 for more information.

Section:  05.07

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.07.01 Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM plants.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

37) How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration?

1. A) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so carbon dioxide does not come into contact with rubisco.
2. B) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.
3. C) Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound. During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
4. D) Stomata are open only at night and carbon dioxide is stored in a four-carbon compound. During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  By opening stomata at night, CAM plants reduce water loss since it is cooler at night with less thermal energy to drive evaporation. Refer to the discussion of CAM plants in section 5.7.

Section:  05.07

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.07.01 Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM plants.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

38) The light reactions provide energy to fuel the carbon reactions to produce carbohydrates.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  The light reactions power the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.6 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.06.02 Explain the relationship between the products and reactants of the light and carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

39) The carbon reactions can run on their own without the products of the light reactions.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  The light reactions power the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.6 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.06.02 Explain the relationship between the products and reactants of the light and carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

40) Which of the following occurs as a result of splitting a water molecule in photosystem II?

1. A) O2 is produced that can be released by the cell.
2. B) O2is produced that can be used by the plant in respiration.
3. C) Protons are released to assist in the electron transport chain.
4. D) Electrons are released to assist in the electron transport chain.
5. E) All answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  The splitting of water in photosystem II provides electrons, protons, and a release of oxygen. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.05.02 Explain the role of water in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

41) Most biologists agree that the light reactions are less important than the carbon reactions.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  The light reactions and the carbon reactions are both critical for life on Earth for the oxygen and organic compounds provided. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

42) If oxygen could be traced, the oxygen in the water in a leaf would end up in carbohydrates after photosynthesis.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  The oxygen in water ends up as oxygen gas in the atmosphere after the light reactions. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.05.02 Explain the role of water in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

43) Plants need water to fill their cells and to perform the light reactions.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Plant cells are full of water, like other cells, but they also use water as a raw material in the light reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

44) Water interacts with the machinery in photosystem II during the photosynthesis.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Photosystem II breaks down water to produce oxygen. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.05.02 Explain the role of water in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

45) Electrons from water are used to replenish those removed from chlorophyll during the light reactions.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Photosystem II breaks down water to produce oxygen. Please see section 5.5 for more information.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.05.02 Explain the role of water in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

46) The carbon reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

47) For many plants to grow well in hot, dry weather, they must be watered so their stomata will remain open for longer periods of time to let in oxygen.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Please see section 5.7 to learn more about the role of the stoma.

Section:  05.07

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.07.01 Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM plants.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

48) How would Earth be different without photosynthesis?

1. A) The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere would be lower.
2. B) Heterotrophs would have fewer food sources.
3. C) There would be destruction to the food web.
4. D) More sunlight would be absorbed and converted to environmental heat.
5. E) All answers are correct.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Without photosynthesis, many of the nonliving parts of Earth would change, and most living things would not exist for lack of oxygen. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

49) Green and yellow wavelengths of light are used to power photosynthesis.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  The wavelengths of light used for photosynthesis fall in the blue and red parts of the spectrum. Please see section 5.2 for more information.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

50) If you were planning to extract chlorophyll from an oak tree, what would be the best starting material?

1. A) leaves
2. B) bark
3. C) roots
4. D) stems
5. E) None of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Leaves contain large numbers of chloroplasts with large concentrations of chlorophyll. Please see section 5.3 for more information.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Chloroplasts

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

51) Why are accessory pigments necessary in photosystems?

1. A) They capture a wider spectrum of wavelengths of light.
2. B) They donate electrons to the reaction center.
3. C) They split water into hydrogen ions and oxygen.
4. D) They conduct the carbon reactions of photosynthesis.
5. E) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Accessory pigments allow wavelengths of light other than the red and blue absorbed by chlorophyll to power photosynthesis. Please see section 5.2 for more information.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

52) Biologists consider photosynthesis to be the most important metabolic process because without it, there would be no CO2 in the atmosphere.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Remember what photosynthesis provides to all living organisms. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

53) Without photosynthesis, autotrophs would be more abundant.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Photosynthesis powers most of Earth’s autotrophs. Without it, they would disappear. Please see section 5.1 for more information.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

54) The light reactions harvest _____, while the carbon reactions produce ________.

1. A) energy; carbohydrates
2. B) energy; phosphate
3. C) phosphate; carbohydrates
4. D) energy; nucleic acids
5. E) lipids; nucleic acids

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The light reactions absorb energy from the sun, while the carbon reactions use that energy to make carbohydrates. Please see section 5.4 for more information.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

55) What is produced in the light reactions that is used in the carbon reactions of photosynthesis?

1. A) ATP and NADPH
2. B) ADP and NADP+
3. C) carbon dioxide and oxygen
4. D) water and glucose
5. E) oxygen and glucose

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, from different photosystems, which are used for carbon reduction in the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.6 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.06.02 Explain the relationship between the products and reactants of the light and carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

Match the reactants of photosynthesis with the correct sources.

 

1. A) captured from wavelengths of light
2. B) absorption through roots
3. C) gas exchange through stomata

 

56) carbon dioxide

Section:  05.02; 05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.; 05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

57) water

Section:  05.02; 05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.; 05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

58) energy

Section:  05.02; 05.03

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.; 05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

Answers: 56) C 57) B 58) A

 

 

 

Match the steps of photosynthesis with the correct descriptions.

 

1. A) incorporates carbon into organic molecule that serves as food
2. B) releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space
3. C) produces the electron carrier to reduce carbon dioxide
4. D) splits water and produces oxygen gas and protons

 

59) photosystem II

Section:  05.04; 05.05; 05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.; 05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.; 05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

60) photosystem I

Section:  05.04; 05.05; 05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.; 05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.; 05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

61) electron transport chain

Section:  05.04; 05.05; 05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.; 05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.; 05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

62) Calvin cycle

Section:  05.04; 05.05; 05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis.; 05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.; 05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

Answers: 59) D 60) C 61) B 62) A

 

 

63) Place the steps of the light reactions in the order in which they occur.

 

________ Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing NADPH.

________ Photosystem II captures a photon of light.

________ A pair of electrons is excited in the reaction center of photosystem II.

________ Energy is passed to the reaction center of photosystem II.

________ Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing ATP.

 

Answer:

5    Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing NADPH.

1    Photosystem II captures a photon of light.

3    A pair of electrons is excited in the reaction center of photosystem II.

2    Energy is passed to the reaction center of photosystem II.

4    Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing ATP.

Explanation:  Please see section 5.5 to review the steps in the light reactions.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Photosynthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

64) Rubisco catalyzes the fixation of CO2 with ribulose bisphosphate in the first step of the Calvin cycle.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Please see section 5.6 and figure 5.8 for more information.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation