American Democracy Now 6th Edition By Harrison - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below American Democracy Now, 6e (Harrison) Chapter 3 Federalism 1) American colonists experienced three different types of government in which of these sequences? A) unitary system, confederal system, …
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American Democracy Now 6th Edition By Harrison – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
American Democracy Now, 6e (Harrison)
Chapter 3 Federalism
1) American colonists experienced three different types of government in which of these sequences?
Answer: A
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
2) Today, the majority of the world’s governments have which system of government?
Answer: C
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
3) Under which type of governmental structure do independent sovereign governments cooperate on specified governmental matters but retain sovereignty over all other governmental matters within their jurisdictions?
Answer: B
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
4) Which body retains primary jurisdiction over local governments?
Answer: B
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
5) The relationship of a state government and local governments is best thought of as a(n)
Answer: E
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
6) How many local governments do the majority of states have?
Answer: E
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
7) Most Americans live under the jurisdiction of at least how many governments simultaneously?
Answer: C
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
8) Which of the following states has the largest number of local governments?
Answer: D
Section: An Overview of the U.S. Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
9) Which of the following are considered concurrent powers available to federal, state, and local governments?
Answer: E
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
10) Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of implied powers?
Answer: A
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
11) The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts?
Answer: C
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
12) The supremacy clause, which establishes the supreme law of the land, is mentioned in which article of the Constitution?
Answer: E
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
13) What view does the Constitution take regarding the legal status of Native American nations?
Answer: D
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
14) How many Native American tribes are recognized today by the federal government?
Answer: E
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
15) Which of the following laws are unenforceable on Native American reservations?
Answer: E
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
16) The powers accorded to the states in the Tenth Amendment are known as ________ powers.
Answer: B
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
17) What proportion of states must ratify a constitutional amendment for it to pass?
Answer: D
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
18) Which of the following is a power of state governments, not the national government?
Answer: D
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
19) McCulloch v. Maryland was decisive because it
Answer: C
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
20) In its 1824 Gibbons v. Ogden decision, the Supreme Court
Answer: A
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
21) Which case saw the Supreme Court strike down the national Gun-Free School Zones Act as unconstitutional?
Answer: D
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
22) The impact of which event on Americans led to the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935?
Answer: B
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
23) Collectively, state-to-state obligations and their mandated relationships are known as
Answer: A
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
24) Which branch of government oversees interstate compacts?
Answer: A
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
25) Which of the following has the power under the Constitution to request or refuse extradition?
Answer: B
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
26) In most states, how long must new residents wait until they can register to vote?
Answer: C
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
27) The full faith and credit clause, which asserts states must recognize each other’s public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, is located in which article of the Constitution?
Answer: C
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
28) What phrase is used by political scientists to describe the way state judges base decisions on state constitutions when those laws grant more liberties and rights than those guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution?
Answer: B
Section: Constitutional Distribution of Authority
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
29) Which type of power relationship prevailed between the national government and the states between 1789 and 1932?
Answer: D
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
30) Which of these eras saw the appearance of cooperative federalism?
Answer: D
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
31) Whose presidency marked the appearance of centralized federalism, where the national government imposed its own policy preferences on state and local governments?
Answer: E
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
32) Which of these pairs of presidents are most closely associated with new federalism, or devolution?
Answer: E
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
33) What term has been coined to describe today’s national-state government relations?
Answer: A
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
34) The layer cake analogy, in which there is a clear distinction between the powers and responsibilities of the different levels of government, is most applicable to
Answer: E
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
35) Over the last few years, enforcement of federal marijuana laws has
Answer: E
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
36) The legalization of marijuana for recreational use by many states is an example of what tool used in intergovernmental relations?
Answer: B
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
37) Which three constitutional amendments have been most influential in shaping the national-state power relationship?
Answer: C
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
38) What event significantly influenced the national-state power relationship?
Answer: C
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
39) Which of the following is NOT illustrative of today’s era of partisan federalism?
Answer: D
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
40) Which type of intergovernmental tool allows the national government to influence the budget decisions of state and local governments by forcing them to spend their own money on a national priority?
Answer: A
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
41) Passed in 1913, which constitutional amendment powerfully enhanced the national government’s ability to raise money?
Answer: C
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
42) The theory that states have the authority to invalidate national laws is known as
Answer: D
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
43) Which tool, used by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, moved the country from duel federalism to cooperative federalism?
Answer: A
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
44) What percentage of total spending by the national government went to the states as federal grants-in-aid in 2010?
Answer: C
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
45) Which type of intergovernmental tool is used most commonly in national education policy?
Answer: B
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
46) The provision of categorical and block grant money by the federal government to state and local governments has resulted in a relationship between the two of
Answer: E
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
47) Historically, which of these has been the most common form of national grant-in-aid to the states?
Answer: D
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
48) What type of national grant-in-aid requires state and local governments to compete for funding by writing needs-based proposals?
Answer: C
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
49) Which type of governmental transfer of funds gives states the most latitude in the use of the money?
Answer: C
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
50) Which 1923 court case saw state government opposition to conditions within national grants come to a head?
Answer: D
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
51) Clauses in national laws that direct state and local governments to do something specified by the national government are known as
Answer: C
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
52) The fact that states must enforce a national law that is based on a constitutionally enumerated or implied power even if the state government has its own law on the matter is based on the principle of
Answer: E
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
53) Which intergovernmental tool caused conflict by forcing states to comply with a national policy of a drinking age of 21 and was featured in South Dakota v. Dole?
Answer: C
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
54) What term is used by political scientists to refer to the collaborative effort of two or more levels of government?
Answer: C
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
55) As a result of devolution, which branch of government in the United States is currently responsible for education policy?
Answer: A
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
56) The Every Student Succeeds Act
Answer: D
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
57) Which level or levels of government provide(s) funding for elementary and secondary education?
Answer: E
Section: Intergovernmental Relations
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
58) Compared to the federal system of the writers of the Constitution, today’s system
Answer: D
Section: Evolution of the Federal System
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: Texas LO-02. Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
59) Outline the key features of a unitary system of government.
Answer: In a unitary system, such as that of Great Britain, the central government is sovereign and can create other governments and delegate powers and responsibilities to them. The central government can unilaterally take away responsibilities it has delegated to the regional governments, and can even eliminate them. This system prevailed in America during the colonial period, and today a majority of the world’s nations have unitary governments.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
60) Explain the reasons behind the establishment of the federal system after 1787.
Answer: After the War for Independence, a confederal system under the Articles of Confederation was established. This system increasingly came into question, as the colonists realized that a stronger union would be necessary to preserve unity, ensure national defense, and protect certain guaranteed rights and liberties. In Philadelphia in 1787, delegates drafted a new federalist system that included dual sovereignty and also modified the sovereignty of existing state governments.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
61) Explain the difference between enumerated and implied powers, and give examples of each.
Answer: The Constitution distributes powers that are enumerated, or specifically listed, and implied for the national government’s three branches—legislative, judicial, and executive. Enumerated powers include Congress’s authority to make laws, oversight of interstate and foreign commerce, the money system, general welfare, and national defense. Congress’s implied powers—powers that are not specifically described but may be interpreted to be necessary to fulfill enumerated powers—are validated through the necessary and proper clause, or the elastic clause, which allows the national government to stretch its enumerated authority.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
62) Outline the chief features of the Tenth Amendment, and provide examples of the powers it grants to the states.
Answer: The Tenth Amendment grants numerous powers to the states, because many people feared the new national government might attempt to overreach it powers. It asserts that powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor those prohibited by it, are reserved to the states. This reserved-powers clause acknowledged the domestic matters and daily affairs that the states exercised authority over, such as births, deaths, and marriages. These reserved powers also included police powers to protect health, safety, and property.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
63) Discuss the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland in shaping the development of enumerated powers of the national government.
Answer: The case of McCulloch v. Maryland was a Supreme Court ruling that established the use of implied powers by the national government to expand its enumerated authority. Based on Congress’s establishment of a national bank in Maryland, the Court ruled that Maryland had no power to tax the bank. The Court affirmed through this decision that in the event of a conflict between national legislation and state legislation, the national law is supreme as long as it complies with enumerated and implied powers.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
64) Discuss and explain the full faith and credit clause, and provide examples of its application.
Answer: The full faith and credit clause is a state-to-state obligation and stems from Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution. It asserts that each state must recognize as legally binding—valid and enforceable—the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. An example is driver’s licenses; another would be residency-based voting rights.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
65) What are the key provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and how have they affected interstate relations?
Answer: The Fourteenth Amendment places restrictions and obligations on state governments. It requires that states follow due process before taking a person’s life or liberty. It also requires that states provide all citizens equal protection of the laws. Finally, it requires that all citizens enjoy the same privileges and immunities. Congress and the president have used the Fourteenth Amendment to ensure due process and equal protection for all citizens, and the Supreme Court has also decided cases that have required the states to recognize the same protections in the Bill of Rights that the national government does.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
66) Compare the federal system from its conception to the contemporary reality of the system today.
Answer: The founders intended a separation of duties between federal and state governments. Over the course of history, responsibilities have shifted, federal powers have expanded, and the lines of power have blurred. Our contemporary system is one of combined efforts and responsibility, which often causes partisan conflict.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
67) Identify at least two types of national mandates, and explain their key features.
Answer: National mandates are clauses in national laws, including grants-in-aid, that direct state and local governments to do things specified by the national government. Preemption is often used to create them. Many mandates relate to civil rights and liberties, such as that of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that required all government buildings to be disabled-accessible. Funded mandates are those paid for entirely by the national government, whereas unfunded mandates include costs to be borne by state and local governments.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
68) Define the concept of intergovernmental relations, and provide examples of its application in the contemporary United States.
Answer: In the United States, the responsibility for the three elements of any given policy—the policy statement, financing, and implementation—often may be shared in a collaborative effort by two or more levels of government. This is known as intergovernmental relations, and it defines a considerable amount of government action. The provision of services such as elementary and secondary public education, and also public health services, are examples of IGR.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: Chapter 03: Federalism
Texas Standards: TX CO: Critical Thinking; TX LO 2: Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system.
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
