CJ 3rd Edition by Larry K. Gaines - Test Bank

CJ 3rd Edition by Larry K. Gaines – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

True / False

 

1. When police follow high-speed pursuit guidelines, they are following a policy.
2. a. True
3. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

2. Ninety­four percent of the nation’s local police departments have implemented police pursuit policies.
3. a. True
4. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. The vast majority of patrol shifts are completed without a single arrest.
4. a. True
5. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. The purposes of police patrols are to prevent and deter crime and also to provide social services.
5. a. True
6. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. One of the most important pieces of trace evidence is ballistics.
6. a. True
7. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. A cold hit is the establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime in the absence of an ongoing criminal investigation
7. a. True
8. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

7. Deadly force is the degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens and is not excessive.
8. a. True
9. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, police officers may use deadly force if they have probable cause to believe that the fleeing suspect poses a threat of serious injury or death to the officers or others.
9. a. True
10. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

9. Police corruption is considered the abuse of authority by a law enforcement officer for personal gain.
10. a. True
11. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

10. 10. The most serious police corruption occurs when police take
11. a. True
12. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

11. 11. Police may not use discretion in cases of domestic
12. a. True
13. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

12. 12. One function of police patrols is crime
13. a. True
14. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

13. 13. The clearance rate is a measure of crimes not solved with the total number of crimes
14. a. True
15. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

14. 14. Socialization is the values and perceptions that are shared by law enforcement a. True
15. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

15. 15. Noble cause corruption is unethical behavior by a police officer usually for personal
16. a. True
17. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

Multiple Choice

 

16. 16. What is the type of law which provides no discretion to police on whether or not to arrest?
17. a. domestic violence mandatory arrest law c. binding legislation d. discretionary authority

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

17. 17. What are police limiting when police police pursuit is allowed only in instances where the suspect is thought to have committed a serious crime?
18. a. authority
19. discretion
20. c. sound judgment
21. rights of the criminal defendant

 

ANSWER:           b

REFERENCES:  How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

KEYWORDS:      Bloom’s: Remember

 

18. 18. What is the organization of police departments into a hierarchical structure called?
19. a. subculture superstructure
20. c. bureaucracy corporation

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

19. 19. Concentrated areas of high criminal activity that draw a directed police response are called:
20. a. hot spots directed patrol
21. c. cold hits cold cases

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

20. 20. Arrests that come about as part of the ordinary routine of police patrol and responses to calls for service are called:
21. a. proactive arrests reactive arrests
22. c. community policing citizen’s arrests

 

ANSWER:           b

REFERENCES:  How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

KEYWORDS:      Bloom’s: Remember

 

21. 21. Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of patrol?
22. a. The deterrence of crime by maintaining a visible police
23. The maintenance of public order and a sense of security in the community.
24. c. The twenty-four-hour provision of services that are not crime
25. The prevention of crime by punishing offenders.

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

22. 22. Which of the following is a person who is involved in criminal activity and gives information about that activity and those who engage in it to the police?
23. a. confidential informant undercover officer
24. c. narc hot spotter

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

23. 23. According to Gay, Schell, and Schack, officers tend to spend how much of their time on patrol responding to calls for service?
24. a. one-quarter half
25. c. three-quarters all

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

24. 24. Which of the following type of crime tends to have the lowest clearance rates by law enforcement?
25. a. violent crimes sexually based crimes
26. c. property crimes juvenile crimes

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

25. 25. Criminal investigations that are not cleared after a certain amount of time are called:
26. a. old cases cold cases
27. c. closed cases cleared cases

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

26. 26. The degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens and is not excessive is the definition of:
27. a. reasonable force police brutality
28. c. deadly force police burnout

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

27. 27. Which of the following may be determined through the use of ballistics?
28. a. the DNA of the individual who committed the crime
29. the age, sex, and race of an offender
30. c. the shoe size of the offender
31. how far a shooter was from his target

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

28. 28. Which of the following is NOT considered to be forensic evidence?
29. a. fingerprints ballistics
30. c. DNA motive

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

29. 29. Why is DNA fingerprinting so useful in criminal investigations?
30. a. because no two people, other than identical twins, have the same DNA
31. because detectives can find useable DNA at every crime scene
32. c. because DNA can always be obtained without a warrant
33. because DNA evidence is always conclusive

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

30. 30. Which of the following defines what police call a “cold hit”?
31. a. when law enforcement finds a suspect “out of nowhere” by comparing DNA evidence from a crime scene

against the contents of a database

1. when a criminal investigation that has not been solved after a certain amount of time
2. c. when a police officer abruptly hits a suspect in an unreasonable show of force
3. when a police officer gets into an accident in their patrol car

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

31. 31. The largest and most important nationwide DNA database that is operated by the FBI is called:
32. a. AFIS CODIS
33. c. NCIS NIBRS

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

32. 32. In most states, the use of nondeadly force is regulated by the concept of which allows the use of nondeadly force when a person would assume that such force was
33. a. negligence deadly force
34. c. use of force reasonable force

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

33. 33. According to the Orlando Police Department’s use of force matrix, if a suspect’s behavior is one of passive

resistance, the officer may do which of the following?

1. a. use of firearms and hard impact with weapons
2. hard impact with weapons such as nightsticks and flashlights and personal body weapons such as head, hands, elbows, knees, and feet
3. c. tasers, neck restraints, takedown techniques, chemical agents such as pepper spray, and K-9
4. hands-on tactics, chemical spray

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

34. 34. The Tennessee v. Garner case addressed which of the following use of force issues?
35. a. unlawful holding during search and seizure
36. fleeing felon rule
37. c. probable cause
38. reasonable suspicion

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

35. 35. The policing philosophy that requires police to identify potential criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent or respond to that activity is called:
36. a. community policing indirect patrol
37. c. problem-oriented policing incident-driven policing

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

36. 36. When a police officer accepts money or other forms of payment in exchange for “favors” it is known as:
37. a. use of force bribery
38. c. discretion information gathering

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

officers must act and how they cannot act, but it does not offer guidelines for how officers should act in many circumstances?

1. a. duty honesty
2. c. discretion loyalty

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

38. 38. Which of the following is one of the definitions of an ethical dilemma according to Pollock and Becker?
39. a. Officers know the right course of
40. Officers have difficulty doing what they consider to be right.
41. c. Officers find the ambivalent choice very
42. Officers have not received extensive training in ethics.

 

ANSWER:           b

REFERENCES:  How Important is Ethics in Policing?

KEYWORDS:      Bloom’s: Remember

 

39. 39. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions Miller and Hess would have police officers ask themselves when they are faced with an ethical dilemma?
40. a. Is it legal?
41. Is it fair?
42. c. What would my partner do?
43. How does it make me feel about myself?

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

40. 40. What is the name of Wilson and Kelling’s theory that law enforcement should crack down on quality­of­life crimes

to reduce overall crime? a. Broken Homes Theory b. Dirty Streets Theory

1. c. Broken Windows Theory
2. Relative Depravation Theory

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

School in Brownsville, Texas, and, for no apparent reason, punched another student in the face. As school

administrators tried to calm an agitated Gonzalez in the hallway, their puzzlement turned to alarm—the eighth grader had a gun tucked into his pants. Within minutes, two local police officers had arrived on the scene. They shouted at Gonzalez to “Put the gun down! Put it on the floor!” Disregarding these orders, Gonzalez raised his weapon. The officers fired three times, killing the teenager.  The officers’ decisions were made in a split second, under stressful circumstances, and without the benefit of the evidence that came to light following the shooting. That is, the officers relied on their discretion.

41. 41. Once they arrived on the scene, the police officers exercised discretion in what manner?
42. a. They had to consider the motives of the
43. They had to decide whether the gun in the suspect’s hand was real. c. They had to consider their safety and the safety of others.
44. All of these choices.

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agensts Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

 

42. 42. What information, on which the two police officers involved in this incident based their discretionary decisions, likely have?
43. a. The officers were told the suspect was
44. The officers were told the suspect punched another student in the face.
45. c. The officers knew the suspect had purchases a relatively harmless .177-caliber BB d. The officers knew when the suspect raised his weapon he did not intend to fire.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agensts Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

43. 43. Why would the officers not think a language barrier may have played a role in their decision to open fire?
44. a. The suspect’s parents were
45. The suspect was an eighth grade student in the city’s high school.
46. c. The suspect acted confused and disoriented before being shot by the d. The suspect had violently assaulted another student in his grade..

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agensts Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

44. 44. On what grounds, according to the Supreme Court, can the use of deadly force be justified?
45. a. If the suspect poses no immediate threat to the b. When the suspect poses no immediate threat to others.
46. c. When the “reasonableness of the moment” makes the use of deadly force a reasonable d. When all other avenues of diffusing the situation have been exhausted.

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

45. 45. What specific action by the suspect led to the officers’ decision to open fire?
46. a. The suspect had verbally threatened the officers prior to the b. The suspect raised the BB gun as if to fire.
47. c. The suspect acted confused and disoriented before being shot by the d. The suspect had violently assaulted another student in his grade..

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agensts Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

Criminologists Joycelyn M. Pollock and Ronald F. Becker define an ethical dilemma as a situation in which law enforcement officers: Do not know the right course of action; Have difficulty doing what they consider to be right; and/or Find the wrong choice very tempting.  In 2012, dozens of Baltimore police officers were implicated in a $1 million kickback scheme. For years, the officers had been diverting autos damaged in traffic accidents to the Majestic Body Shop in return for a payoff of several hundred dollars per car. Sometimes, the officers themselves would cause further damage to the cars to increase the portion of the insurance payout that went into their own pockets.

46. 46. What aspect of Pollock and Becker’s four categories of ethical dilemmas was most violated in the Baltimore case?
47. a. Discretion Duty
48. c. Honesty Loyalty

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

47. 47. The Baltimore case best illustrates what concept?
48. a. Police subculture Blue curtain
49. c. Police corruption
50. Noble cause corruption

 

ANSWER:                              c

REFERENCES:                     How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                        Bloom’s: Analyze

 

48. 48. What factor likely played a prominent role in abetting and facilitating the corruption of the Baltimore police officers?
49. a. Police subculture Blue curtain
50. c. Socialization
51. Noble cause corruption

 

ANSWER:                              b

REFERENCES:                     What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                        Bloom’s: Analyze

 

49. 49. Of Pollock and Becker’s four categories of ethical dilemmas, what category was perverted by the officers involved to allow for the corruption in Baltimore to continue for so long?
50. a. Discretion Duty
51. c. Honesty Loyalty

 

ANSWER:                              d

REFERENCES:                     How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                        Bloom’s: Analyze

 

50. 50. The possibility of police corruption would be highest under which combination of factors?
51. a. Lack of discretion and socialization Lack of duty and police subculture c. Dishonesty and blue curtain
52. Disloyalty and stressors

 

ANSWER:                              c

REFERENCES:                     How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                        Bloom’s: Analyze

 

On February 17, 2012, a Moroccan immigrant named Amine El Khalifi was arrested near the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. El Khalifi, who had bragged that he “would be happy killing thirty people,” was carrying an automatic weapon and wearing a suicide vest packed with what he thought were explosives. However, El Khalifi’s gun was inoperable, and his explosives were inert. Both had been provided by an FBI undercover agent acting as an al Qaeda operative. Indeed, El Khalifi had been under FBI surveillance for more than a year.

51. 51. The arrest of El Khalifi is an example of
52. a. broken windows theory problem-oriented policing c. entrapment
53. preventive policing

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Offiers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

 

52. 52. The arrest of El Khalifi came about as a result of a(n)
53. a. consumer hotline tip undercover operation c. entrapment
54. preventive patrol

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

53. 53. If the police did not want to take the risk of exposing an officer to undercover work, they could have turned to a
54. a. consumer hotline tip undercover operation c. forensics approach
55. confidential informant

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

54. 54. The use of undercover police and preventative policing techniques are examples of
55. a. passive investigative strategy
56. passive-aggressive policing c. issue-aggressive policing
57. aggressive investigation strategy

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

55. 55. The use of undercover police and preventative policing techniques runs the legal risk of
56. a. burnout
57. deadly force c. entrapment d. corruption

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

Completion

 

56. 56. The primary police investigator of crimes is called a .

 

ANSWER:                            detective

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

57. 57. The abuse of authority by a law enforcement officer for personal gain is called                   .

 

ANSWER:                            police corruption

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

58. 58. is technology that allows crime analysts to identify trends and patterns of criminal behavior within any given

 

ANSWER:                            Crime mapping

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

59. 59. The is a comparison of the number of crimes cleared by some sort of dissolution of a case that may result in arrest and prosecution with the number of crimes reported during any given time period

 

ANSWER:                            clearance rate

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Keyword

 

60. 60. The application of science to establish facts and evidence during the investigation of crimes is called .

 

ANSWER:                            forensics

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

61. 61. is evidence such as a fingerprint, blood, or hair found in small amounts at a crime

 

ANSWER:                            Trace evidence

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

62. 62. The metaphorical term used to refer to the value placed on secrecy and the general -mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers is called the .

 

ANSWER:                            blue curtain

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

63. 63. arrests are arrests that occur because of concerted efforts by law enforcement agencies to respond to a particular type of criminal or criminal

 

ANSWER:                            Proactive

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.02 – 05.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

64. 64. The rules or standards of behavior governing a profession; aimed at ensuring the fairness and rightness of actions are called .

 

ANSWER:                            ethics

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

65. 65. is the moral sense of a police officer that she or he should apply authority in a certain

 

ANSWER:                            Duty

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

Essay

 

66. 66. Explain the three factors that affect a police officer’s decision on use of discretion?

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ The nature of the criminal act. The less serious a crime, the more likely a police officer is to ignore it.

∙ The attitude of the wrongdoer toward the officer. A motorist who is belligerent toward a highway patrol officer is much more likely to be ticketed than one who is remorseful and apologetic.

∙ Departmental policy can place limits on discretion, for example mandatory arrest policies for domestic violence.

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

 

67. 67. Explain the difference between general and directed patrol and give a real world example of each. How do these types of patrolassist police officers in the successful completion of their duties?

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Most patrol officers work general patrol, making the rounds of a specific area with the purpose of carrying out the various patrol functions.

o General patrols are random because the officers spend a substantial amount of their shifts hoping to notice any crimes that may be occurring

∙ In contrast, directed patrols are specifically designed to deal with crimes that commonly occur in certain locations and under circumstances that provide police with opportunity for preparation.

o For example, the Philadelphia Police Department sends extra officers to

patrol the city’s twelve most dangerous areas from 4 p.m. to 8 a.m. every

Friday, Saturday, and Sunday in late 2009.

o Most directed patrols are limited in time and scope because of the strain they place on departmental resources.

∙ The use of both types of patrol assist police departments in addressing issues that are specific to their area of jurisdiction and allow additional resources to be used to target very serious and specific issues with directed patrols.

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

 

68. 68. Describe how forensic experts use ballistics to solve

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Police will search a crime scene for bullets and spent cartridge casings.

These items can provide clues as to how far the shooter was from the target.

∙ This information can also be compared with information stored in national firearms databases to determine, under some circumstances, the gun used and its most recent owner.

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

69. 69. Explain how ethical breaches committed by police officers undermine public confidence in law enforcement?

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Some police officers feel entitled to the fruits of corruption because they have an “us vs. them” attitude about the public as a result of police socialization.

∙ This curtain separates the police from the citizens and may be detrimental in the performance of their duties and in interactions with citizens.

∙ When police corruption is known by the public citizens lose trust in the police and generalize that mistrust about all officers, not just those involved in corruption.

∙ The public then does not feel comfortable going to the police for support in various criminal activities because they view them as corrupt.

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.05 – 05.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

70. 70. Explain the four categories of ethical dilemmas typically facing a police officer and give a real world example of

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Discretion – The law provides rigid guidelines for how police officers must act and how they cannot act, but it does not offer guidelines for how officers should act in many circumstances use discretion to determine how they should act, and ethics plays an important role in guiding discretionary actions.

∙ Duty – Duty is the obligation to act in a certain manner. Society, by passing laws, can make a police officer’s duty clearer and, in the process, help eliminate discretion from the decision­ making process. But an officer’s duty will not always be obvious, and ethical considerations can often supplement “the rules” of being a law enforcement agent.

∙ Honesty – A law enforcement agent must make hundreds of decisions in a day, and most of them require him or her to be honest in order to properly do the job.

∙ Loyalty – What should a police officer do if he or she witnesses a partner using excessive force on a suspect? The choice often sets loyalty against ethics.

REFERENCES:                    How Important is Ethics in Policing?

 

71. 71. Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers in the United

 

ANSWER:           ∙ Experience and training give officers the ability to determine whether certain activity poses a threat to society, and to take any reasonable action necessary to investigate or prevent such activity.

∙ Due to the nature of their jobs, police officers are extremely knowledgeable in human, and by extension criminal, behavior.

∙ Police officers may find themselves in danger of personal, physical harm and must be allowed to take reasonable and necessary steps to protect themselves.

REFERENCES:  How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

KEYWORDS:      Bloom’s: Apply

 

72. 72. Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary

 

ANSWER:                            Experience and training give officers the ability to determine whether certain activity poses a threat to society, and to take any reasonable action necessary to investigate or prevent such activity.

Due to the nature of their jobs, police officers are extremely knowledgeable in human, and by extension criminal, behavior.

Police officers may find themselves in danger of personal, physical harm and must be allowed to take reasonable and necessary steps to protect

themselves.

Some experts argue that many police officers have a “sixth sense” that helps them

handle on-the-job challenges.

REFERENCES:                    How Do Law Enforcement Agents Use Discretion?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.01 – 05.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

73. 73. List and discuss the three primary purposes of a

 

ANSWER:                            1. The deterrence of crime by maintaining a visible police presence.

2. 2. The maintenance of public order and a sense of security in the
3. 3. The twenty-four-hour provision of services that are not crime

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.01.02 – 01.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

74. 74. What are the mental dangers of police work that leads to stress and how do they impact an officer’s ability to be effective?

 

ANSWER:                            The constant fear of being a victim of violent crime.

Exposure to violent crime and its victims.

The need to comply with the law in nearly every job action. Lack of community support.

Negative media coverage.

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.04 – 05.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

75. 75. Compare and contrast the various arrest strategies discussed in this

 

ANSWER:                            Reactive arrests are those arrests made by police officers, usually on general patrol, who observe a criminal act or respond to a call for

service.

Proactive arrests occur when the police take the initiative to target a particular type

of criminal or behavior. Proactive arrests are often associated with directed patrols of hot spots, and thus are believed by many experts to have a greater influence on an area’s crime rates.

The broken windows theory is based on “order maintenance” of neighborhoods by cracking down on “quality­of­life” crimes such as panhandling, public drinking and urinating, loitering, and graffiti painting. Only by encouraging directed arrest strategies with regard to these quality of-life crimes could American cities be rescued from rising crime rates.

REFERENCES:                    How Do Police Officers Fight Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.05.03 – 05.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply