ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 14Th Edition By Eldon Enger - Test Bank

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 14Th Edition By Eldon Enger – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05 Test Bank

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?
   A. the number of individuals of a particular species living in a community
   B. the interactions between different species in a community
   C. the diversity of prey and predator species in a community
   D. the climate of the community in which the species mentioned above inhabit

 

2. Natural selection is the process that determines
   A. who an individual mates with.
   B. which scientist publishes their experiments.
   C. which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation.
   D. how active an animal is at night.

 

3. The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of
   A. social Darwinism.
   B. biogeochemical cycles.
   C. organic farming.
   D. evolution.

 

4. Charles Darwin is generally credited with
   A. developing the concept of sexual dimorphism.
   B. developing the concept of natural selection.
   C. developing the concept of genetic concept.
   D. All of these are correct.

 

5. Among plants, a condition that results in the number of sets of chromosomes in cells to increase, is called
   A. multi-genetics.
   B. polyploidy.
   C. diploid.
   D. haploid.

 

6. Extinction of organisms is
   A. very unusual.
   B. uncommon.
   C. not occurring today.
   D. a common event.

 

7. Ecologists distinguish two different kinds of competition. One is
   A. intraspecific.
   B. interspecific.
   C. ultraspecific.
   D. Both intraspecific and interspecific are correct.

 

8. This concept states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place and the same time.
   A. Natural Selection
   B. Genetic Drift
   C. Competitive Exclusion Principle
   D. Niche Exclusion

 

9. Two organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring are said to be individuals of the same
   A. community.
   B. niche.
   C. habitat.
   D. species.

 

10. When a population becomes isolated from another over a long period of time
    A. gene exchange is likely to occur.
    B. speciation will not occur.
    C. speciation is likely to occur.
    D. extinction is likely to occur.

 

11. Ecologists have traditionally categorized the roles of organisms in ecosystems into three broad categories that include
    A. producers.
    B. consumers.
    C. decomposers.
    D. All of these are correct.

 

12. The use of fertilizers in agriculture has significantly altered several nutrient cycles including
    A. nitrogen.
    B. phosphorus.
    C. potassium.
    D. All of these are correct.

 

13. The chief limiting factor to the success of most trout species is
    A. the ability to reproduce.
    B. the dissolved oxygen content in water.
    C. the amount of plant biomass.
    D. All of these are correct.

 

14. What is the term used to describe food chains which overlap and intersect?
    A. food web
    B. detrital food chain
    C. natural selection
    D. range of tolerance

 

15. The small amount of dissolved oxygen found in warm water is considered a _______ to the success of many fish species.
    A.  biotic factor
    B.  limiting factor
    C.  niche
    D.  None of these are correct

 

16. Grazing animals and the grasses they eat have both evolved in response to each other’s influence. This process is known as
    A. coevolution.
    B. extinction.
    C. competitive exclusion principle.
    D. interspecific competition.

 

17. Which of the following organisms is a primary producer?
    A. fungi
    B. grasshoppers
    C. grass
    D. bacteria

 

18. Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer?
    A. wolf
    B. elk
    C. mouse
    D. bacteria

 

19. Which of the following is NOT a decomposer?
    A. fungi
    B. bacteria
    C. moss
    D. None of these are correct.

 

20. In a mutualistic relationship
    A. one organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
    B. both species benefit.
    C. one species benefits while the other is harmed.
    D. endoparasites outnumber ectoparasites.

 

21. Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem is known as a
    A. food chain.
    B. trophic level.
    C. plateau of consumption.
    D. food web.

 

22. The relationship between frogs and insects is an example of
    A. intraspecific competition.
    B. coevolution.
    C. a predator-prey relationship.
    D. competitive exclusion.

 

23. Biting insects that transmit parasites are known as
    A. vectors.
    B. endoparasites.
    C. keystone species.
    D. None of these are correct.

 

24. Tapeworms living inside the intestines of their host are an example of what type of relationship?
    A. symbiosis
    B. commensalisms
    C. ectoparasitism
    D. endoparasitism

 

25. Which of the following elements is a limiting factor to plants in naturally occurring soil?
    A. nitrogen
    B. phosphorous
    C. oxygen
    D. carbon

 

26. What kind of plant has nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their roots?
    A. deciduous trees
    B. mosses
    C. legumes
    D. ferns

 

27. Phosphorous is released from rocks by which process?
    A.  bacterial decomposition
    B.  weathering and erosion
    C.  photosynthesis
    D.  All of these are correct

 

28. Carbon enters the carbon cycle in the form of
    A. lipids formed in photosynthesis.
    B. carbonate in rock.
    C. atmospheric carbon dioxide.
    D. decomposition of organic material.

 

29. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
    A. bison
    B. sea kelp
    C. wolves
    D. None of these are correct.

 

30. Which of the following is an example of a detrital food chain?
    A. a coniferous forest
    B. sewage treatment plan
    C. open lake
    D. salt marsh

 

31. Polyploidy is an evolutionary mechanism that may result in
    A. new plant species.
    B. a surge in birthrates in mammals.
    C. the baldness trait becoming dominant in men.
    D. death if recessive.

 

32. Another name for a nutrient cycle in an ecosystem is a
    A. biogeochemical cycle.
    B. menstrual cycle.
    C. hydrogen cycle.
    D. diurnal cycle.

 

33. This meat eater often gets meat from animals that have died by accident or illness, or were killed by other animals.
    A. scavenger
    B. omnivore
    C. carnivore
    D. parasite

 

34. The introduction of which organism is correlated with a major disruption to the food web of the Great Lakes?
    A. diatoms
    B. whitefish
    C. zebra mussels
    D. Diporeia.

 

35. Indian pipe, a flowering plant, lacks chlorophyll and is not able to do photosynthesis. It is a(n):
    A. indirect parasite
    B. direct parasite
    C. host
    D. ectoparasite
    E. More than one of these choices is correct.

 

 

36. Which of the following types of habitats does NOT have slow decomposition?
    A.  tundra
    B.  tropical forests
    C.  northern forests
    D.  grasslands
    E.  swamps

 

37. ______ are a major carbon sink.
    A.  oceans
    B.  lakes
    C.  rivers
    D.  ponds

 

38. Phosphorus ions are ________ in water and tend to precipitate in the oceans to form sediments that eventually become rock on the ocean floor.
    A.  ionic
    B.  bionic
    C.  soluble
    D.  insoluble

 

39. Agricultural runoff consists of a mixture of compounds that serve as nutrients. The two primary nutrients are ________ and __________.
    A.  nitrogen, oxygen
    B.  nitrogen, carbon
    C.  nitrogen, phosphorus
    D.  nitrogen, sulfur

 

Which of the following best matches the description?

 

40. Series of stages in the flow of nitrogen in ecosystems.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

41. Stage in the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

42. Animal that eats plants.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

43. An organism that can manufacture food from inorganic compounds and light energy.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

44. A region in which an organism lives.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

45. The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to living organisms and back again.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

46. Bacteria that convert nitrogen compounds in the soil into nitrogen gas.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

47. Competition between members of different species.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

48. An organism that eats both plants and animals.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

49. Competition between members of the same species.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

50. Interacting groups of different species in a given area.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

51. Accumulation of organic material produced by living things.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

52. Bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable plant forms.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

53. Parasite that lives on the outside of its host.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

54. One primary environmental condition that determines the success of an organism.
    A. denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

 

True / False Questions

55. Genetic variation among individuals of the same species enables some of these individuals to have a greater chance of obtaining resources and therefore, producing more offspring.
    True    False

 

56. Genes are distinct pieces of DNA that determine the characteristics an individual displays.
    True    False

 

57. Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is known as ecology.
    True    False

 

58. The carbon cycle is an example of how materials are cycled through ecosystems.
    True    False

 

59. The biotic component of an organism’s environment is the non-living or physical factors.
    True    False

 

60. Competition between foxes and hawks for the use of mice and rabbits as food is called intraspecific competition.
    True    False

 

61. About 20 percent of the energy passing from one trophic level to the next is lost.
    True    False

 

62. Symbiotic relationships are those in which organisms live in physical contact with one another.
    True    False

 

63. Commensal organisms live on another organism and harm the host in the process.
    True    False

 

64. The niche of an organism is the result of many years of natural selection.
    True    False

 

65. At the highest trophic level, there is less energy and fewer organisms than at the lower levels.
    True    False

 

66. Competition between members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition.
    True    False

 

67. The production of a new species from a previous species is known as mutualism.
    True    False

 

68. Populations are all organisms of a specific kind that live within a specific geographic region
    True    False

 

69. If a species becomes isolated from another for a long time as a result of a barrier, speciation will not occur.
    True    False

 

70. Producers are organisms that are able to use sources of energy to make complex, organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in their environment.
    True    False

 

71. Consumers are organisms that require no organic matter as a source of food.
    True    False

 

72. A food chain is a series of organism occupying different trophic levels through which energy passes.
    True    False

 

73. Detritus are small bits of non-living organic material.
    True    False

 

74. About 50% of photosynthesis activity takes place in fresh water.
    True    False

 

75. During the carbon cycle, the same carbon atoms are used over and over again.
    True    False

 

76. The source of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is found in rocks.
    True    False

 

77. The source of phosphate in the phosphorous cycle is the atmosphere.
    True    False

 

78. Conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture ecosystems can lead to less carbon stored in soil and large plants such as trees.
    True    False

 

79. Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection without understanding the gene concept.
    True    False

 

80. A species that has a narrow range of tolerance to heat, such as a polar bear, should be able to adapt easily to changes in its habitat that occur with global warming.
    True    False

 

81. Producers use the energy of sunlight to convert inorganic carbon compounds into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis.
    True    False

 

82. Processes that remove atoms from short-term nutrient cycles are known as sinks.
    True    False

 

 

Short Answer Questions

83. How are fossil fuels (coal, petroleum and natural gas) thought to have formed? Please be specific about each type of fossil fuel.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

84. Why are nutrients carried into aquatic ecosystems?

 

 

 

 

 

Fill in the Blank Questions

85. Some flowering plants, such as beech drops and Indian pipe, lack chlorophyll and are not able to do ______________.
    ________________________________________

 

86. Most exotic species are introduced into a new environment accidentally as a result of ______________.
    ________________________________________

 

87. The primary sink for nitrogen is ____________ in the atmosphere.
    ________________________________________

 

 

Essay Questions

88. How are humans involved in modifying the carbon cycle? What are the consequences of these actions?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 05 Test Bank Key
 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?
   A.the number of individuals of a particular species living in a community
   B. the interactions between different species in a community
   C. the diversity of prey and predator species in a community
   D. the climate of the community in which the species mentioned above inhabit

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Environment

2. Natural selection is the process that determines
   A.who an individual mates with.
   B. which scientist publishes their experiments.
   C. which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation.
   D. how active an animal is at night.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Natural Selection

3. The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of
   A.social Darwinism.
   B. biogeochemical cycles.
   C. organic farming.
   D. evolution.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Natural Selection

4. Charles Darwin is generally credited with
   A.developing the concept of sexual dimorphism.
   B. developing the concept of natural selection.
   C. developing the concept of genetic concept.
   D. All of these are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Natural Selection

5. Among plants, a condition that results in the number of sets of chromosomes in cells to increase, is called
   A.multi-genetics.
   B. polyploidy.
   C. diploid.
   D. haploid.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Speciation

6. Extinction of organisms is
   A.very unusual.
   B. uncommon.
   C. not occurring today.
   D. a common event.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Extinction

7. Ecologists distinguish two different kinds of competition. One is
   A.intraspecific.
   B. interspecific.
   C. ultraspecific.
   D. Both intraspecific and interspecific are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

8. This concept states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place and the same time.
   A.Natural Selection
   B. Genetic Drift
   C. Competitive Exclusion Principle
   D. Niche Exclusion

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

9. Two organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring are said to be individuals of the same
   A.community.
   B. niche.
   C. habitat.
   D. species.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Natural Selection

10. When a population becomes isolated from another over a long period of time
    A.gene exchange is likely to occur.
    B. speciation will not occur.
    C. speciation is likely to occur.
    D. extinction is likely to occur.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Evolution

11. Ecologists have traditionally categorized the roles of organisms in ecosystems into three broad categories that include
    A.producers.
    B. consumers.
    C. decomposers.
    D. All of these are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

12. The use of fertilizers in agriculture has significantly altered several nutrient cycles including
    A.nitrogen.
    B. phosphorus.
    C. potassium.
    D. All of these are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

13. The chief limiting factor to the success of most trout species is
    A.the ability to reproduce.
    B. the dissolved oxygen content in water.
    C. the amount of plant biomass.
    D. All of these are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Limiting Factors

14. What is the term used to describe food chains which overlap and intersect?
    A.food web
    B. detrital food chain
    C. natural selection
    D. range of tolerance

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems
Topic: Energy Flow

15. The small amount of dissolved oxygen found in warm water is considered a _______ to the success of many fish species.
    A. biotic factor
    B.  limiting factor
    C.  niche
    D.  None of these are correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Environment

16. Grazing animals and the grasses they eat have both evolved in response to each other’s influence. This process is known as
    A.coevolution.
    B. extinction.
    C. competitive exclusion principle.
    D. interspecific competition.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Evolution

17. Which of the following organisms is a primary producer?
    A.fungi
    B. grasshoppers
    C. grass
    D. bacteria

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

18. Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer?
    A.wolf
    B. elk
    C. mouse
    D. bacteria

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

19. Which of the following is NOT a decomposer?
    A.fungi
    B. bacteria
    C. moss
    D. None of these are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

20. In a mutualistic relationship
    A.one organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
    B. both species benefit.
    C. one species benefits while the other is harmed.
    D. endoparasites outnumber ectoparasites.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

21. Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem is known as a
    A.food chain.
    B. trophic level.
    C. plateau of consumption.
    D. food web.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Energy Flow

22. The relationship between frogs and insects is an example of
    A.intraspecific competition.
    B. coevolution.
    C. a predator-prey relationship.
    D. competitive exclusion.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

23. Biting insects that transmit parasites are known as
    A.vectors.
    B. endoparasites.
    C. keystone species.
    D. None of these are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

24. Tapeworms living inside the intestines of their host are an example of what type of relationship?
    A.symbiosis
    B. commensalisms
    C. ectoparasitism
    D. endoparasitism

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

25. Which of the following elements is a limiting factor to plants in naturally occurring soil?
    A.nitrogen
    B. phosphorous
    C. oxygen
    D. carbon

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Limiting Factors

26. What kind of plant has nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their roots?
    A.deciduous trees
    B. mosses
    C. legumes
    D. ferns

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Nitrogen Cycle

27. Phosphorous is released from rocks by which process?
    A. bacterial decomposition
    B.  weathering and erosion
    C.  photosynthesis
    D.  All of these are correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Phosphorus Cycle

28. Carbon enters the carbon cycle in the form of
    A.lipids formed in photosynthesis.
    B. carbonate in rock.
    C. atmospheric carbon dioxide.
    D. decomposition of organic material.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

29. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
    A.bison
    B. sea kelp
    C. wolves
    D. None of these are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

30. Which of the following is an example of a detrital food chain?
    A.a coniferous forest
    B. sewage treatment plan
    C. open lake
    D. salt marsh

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

31. Polyploidy is an evolutionary mechanism that may result in
    A.new plant species.
    B.

a surge in birthrates in mammals.

1. the baldness trait becoming dominant in men.
   D.death if recessive.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Speciation

Another name for a nutrient cycle in an ecosystem is a

1. biogeochemical cycle.
   B. menstrual cycle.
   C. hydrogen cycle.
   D. diurnal cycle.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

33. This meat eater often gets meat from animals that have died by accident or illness, or were killed by other animals.
    A.scavenger
    B. omnivore
    C. carnivore
    D. parasite

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

34. The introduction of which organism is correlated with a major disruption to the food web of the Great Lakes?
    A.diatoms
    B. whitefish
    C. zebra mussels
    D. Diporeia.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

35. Indian pipe, a flowering plant, lacks chlorophyll and is not able to do photosynthesis. It is a(n):
    A.indirect parasite
    B. direct parasite
    C. host
    D. ectoparasite
    E.

More than one of these choices is correct.

 

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

36. Which of the following types of habitats does NOT have slow decomposition?
    A. tundra
    B.  tropical forests
    C.  northern forests
    D.  grasslands
    E.  swamps

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

37. ______ are a major carbon sink.
    A. oceans
    B.  lakes
    C.  rivers
    D.  ponds

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

38. Phosphorus ions are ________ in water and tend to precipitate in the oceans to form sediments that eventually become rock on the ocean floor.
    A. ionic
    B.  bionic
    C.  soluble
    D.  insoluble

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Phosphorus Cycle

39. Agricultural runoff consists of a mixture of compounds that serve as nutrients. The two primary nutrients are ________ and __________.
    A. nitrogen, oxygen
    B.  nitrogen, carbon
    C.  nitrogen, phosphorus
    D.  nitrogen, sulfur

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

Which of the following best matches the description?

 

40. Series of stages in the flow of nitrogen in ecosystems.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

41. Stage in the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems
Topic: Energy Flow

42. Animal that eats plants.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

An organism that can manufacture food from inorganic compounds and light energy.

1. denitrifying bacteria
   B. herbivore
   C. omnivore
   D. producer
   E. trophic level
   F. community
   G. ectoparasite
   H. limiting factor
   I. secondary consumer
   J. nitrogen cycle
   K. biomass
   L. habitat
   M. carbon cycle
   N. interspecific competition
   O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
   P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

44. A region in which an organism lives.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Environment

The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to living organisms and back again.

1. denitrifying bacteria
   B. herbivore
   C. omnivore
   D. producer
   E. trophic level
   F. community
   G. ectoparasite
   H. limiting factor
   I. secondary consumer
   J. nitrogen cycle
   K. biomass
   L. habitat
   M. carbon cycle
   N. interspecific competition
   O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
   P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

Bacteria that convert nitrogen compounds in the soil into nitrogen gas.

1. denitrifying bacteria
   B. herbivore
   C. omnivore
   D. producer
   E. trophic level
   F. community
   G. ectoparasite
   H. limiting factor
   I. secondary consumer
   J. nitrogen cycle
   K. biomass
   L. habitat
   M. carbon cycle
   N. interspecific competition
   O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
   P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Nitrogen Cycle

Competition between members of different species.

1. denitrifying bacteria
   B. herbivore
   C. omnivore
   D. producer
   E. trophic level
   F. community
   G. ectoparasite
   H. limiting factor
   I. secondary consumer
   J. nitrogen cycle
   K. biomass
   L. habitat
   M. carbon cycle
   N. interspecific competition
   O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
   P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

An organism that eats both plants and animals.

1. denitrifying bacteria
   B. herbivore
   C. omnivore
   D. producer
   E. trophic level
   F. community
   G. ectoparasite
   H. limiting factor
   I. secondary consumer
   J. nitrogen cycle
   K. biomass
   L. habitat
   M. carbon cycle
   N. interspecific competition
   O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
   P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

Competition between members of the same species.

1. denitrifying bacteria
   B. herbivore
   C. omnivore
   D. producer
   E. trophic level
   F. community
   G. ectoparasite
   H. limiting factor
   I. secondary consumer
   J. nitrogen cycle
   K. biomass
   L. habitat
   M. carbon cycle
   N. interspecific competition
   O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
   P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

Interacting groups of different species in a given area.

1. denitrifying bacteria
   B. herbivore
   C. omnivore
   D. producer
   E. trophic level
   F. community
   G. ectoparasite
   H. limiting factor
   I. secondary consumer
   J. nitrogen cycle
   K. biomass
   L. habitat
   M. carbon cycle
   N. interspecific competition
   O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
   P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

51. Accumulation of organic material produced by living things.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

52. Bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable plant forms.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Nitrogen Cycle

53. Parasite that lives on the outside of its host.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

54. One primary environmental condition that determines the success of an organism.
    A.denitrifying bacteria
    B. herbivore
    C. omnivore
    D. producer
    E. trophic level
    F. community
    G. ectoparasite
    H. limiting factor
    I. secondary consumer
    J. nitrogen cycle
    K. biomass
    L. habitat
    M. carbon cycle
    N. interspecific competition
    O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    P. intraspecific competition

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Environment

 

True / False Questions

55. Genetic variation among individuals of the same species enables some of these individuals to have a greater chance of obtaining resources and therefore, producing more offspring.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Natural Selection

56. Genes are distinct pieces of DNA that determine the characteristics an individual displays.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Natural Selection

57. Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is known as ecology.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Ecology

58. The carbon cycle is an example of how materials are cycled through ecosystems.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

59. The biotic component of an organism’s environment is the non-living or physical factors.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Environment

60. Competition between foxes and hawks for the use of mice and rabbits as food is called intraspecific competition.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

61. About 20 percent of the energy passing from one trophic level to the next is lost.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Energy Flow

62. Symbiotic relationships are those in which organisms live in physical contact with one another.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

63. Commensal organisms live on another organism and harm the host in the process.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

64. The niche of an organism is the result of many years of natural selection.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Section: 05.02
Topic: Niche

65. At the highest trophic level, there is less energy and fewer organisms than at the lower levels.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Energy Flow

66. Competition between members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

67. The production of a new species from a previous species is known as mutualism.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Speciation

68. Populations are all organisms of a specific kind that live within a specific geographic region
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Populations

69. If a species becomes isolated from another for a long time as a result of a barrier, speciation will not occur.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Speciation

70. Producers are organisms that are able to use sources of energy to make complex, organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in their environment.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

71. Consumers are organisms that require no organic matter as a source of food.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

72. A food chain is a series of organism occupying different trophic levels through which energy passes.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems
Topic: Energy Flow

73. Detritus are small bits of non-living organic material.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

74. About 50% of photosynthesis activity takes place in fresh water.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

75. During the carbon cycle, the same carbon atoms are used over and over again.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

76. The source of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is found in rocks.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Nitrogen Cycle

77. The source of phosphate in the phosphorous cycle is the atmosphere.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Phosphorus Cycle

78. Conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture ecosystems can lead to less carbon stored in soil and large plants such as trees.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

79. Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection without understanding the gene concept.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.02
Topic: Natural Selection

80. A species that has a narrow range of tolerance to heat, such as a polar bear, should be able to adapt easily to changes in its habitat that occur with global warming.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.01
Topic: Limiting Factors

81. Producers use the energy of sunlight to convert inorganic carbon compounds into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

82. Processes that remove atoms from short-term nutrient cycles are known as sinks.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

 

Short Answer Questions

83. How are fossil fuels (coal, petroleum and natural gas) thought to have formed? Please be specific about each type of fossil fuel.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

84. Why are nutrients carried into aquatic ecosystems?

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 05.04
Topic: Ecosystems

 

Fill in the Blank Questions

85. Some flowering plants, such as beech drops and Indian pipe, lack chlorophyll and are not able to do ______________.
    photosynthesis

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Species Interaction

86. Most exotic species are introduced into a new environment accidentally as a result of ______________.
    human activity

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.03
Topic: Introduced/Exotic Species

87. The primary sink for nitrogen is ____________ in the atmosphere.
    nitrogen gas

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 05.04
Topic: Nitrogen Cycle

 

Essay Questions

88. How are humans involved in modifying the carbon cycle? What are the consequences of these actions?

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 05.04
Topic: Carbon Cycle

 

 

Chapter 05 Test Bank Summary

Category	# of Questions
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember	88
Gradable: automatic	85
Gradable: manual	3
Section: 05.01	10
Section: 05.02	16
Section: 05.03	16
Section: 05.04	47
Topic: Carbon Cycle	9
Topic: Ecology	1
Topic: Ecosystems	27
Topic: Energy Flow	6
Topic: Environment	5
Topic: Evolution	2
Topic: Extinction	1
Topic: Introduced/Exotic Species	1
Topic: Limiting Factors	3
Topic: Natural Selection	7
Topic: Niche	1
Topic: Nitrogen Cycle	5
Topic: Phosphorus Cycle	3
Topic: Populations	1
Topic: Speciation	4
Topic: Species Interaction	15