Integrated Principles of Zoology 16th Edition Hickman-Keen-Larson-Roberts - Test Bank

Integrated Principles of Zoology 16th Edition Hickman-Keen-Larson-Roberts – Test Bank

 

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Chapter 05

Genetics: A Review

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the relationship between Gregor Mendel’s work and Charles Darwin’s publication on evolution?
   A.Mendel’s work came before Darwin’s and gave Darwin a critical piece of the evolutionary puzzle
   B. Mendel read Darwin’s work and this inspired him to experiment with principles of heredity
   C. Both were contemporaneous and worked back-and-forth, providing ongoing feedback for each other’s work
   D. Mendel’s discoveries were shortly after Darwin’s publication, but the implications of his work were not understood for over thirty years

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendel’s Investigations
Topic: Mendel’s Investigations

2. What was the relationship between Gregor Mendel’s work and the growing understanding of cells and chromosomes?
   A. Mendel’s work immediately generated great interest in what was the genetic material
   B.  Mendel was unaware of chromosomes and genes, which were not identified for 30 years
   C.  Breakthroughs in cytology and the structure of chromosomes were the factor that led Mendel to his experiments
   D.  Mendel’s work led cell biologists to discover the nucleus and its role

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendel’s Investigations
Topic: Mendel’s Investigations

 

 

3. At its simplest, meiosis could be described as
   A. duplication-division.
   B.  duplication-duplication-division.
   C.  duplication-division-division.
   D.  division.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

4. If an egg of a worm contains 6 chromosomes, it comes from a worm that has ______ chromosomes in each body cell.
   A. 3
   B.  6
   C.  12
   D.  24

 

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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
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Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

5. Joined sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes come into side-by-side contact or ____ to form a tetrad.
   A. crossing-over
   B.  locus
   C.  dyad
   D.  synapse

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

 

 

6. The location of a gene on a chromosome is called the gene __________.
   A. tetrad
   B.  locus
   C.  dyad
   D.  synapsis

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

7. Which of the following are sex chromosomes of a normal human male?
   A. XY
   B.  XX
   C.  XO
   D.  YO

 

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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

8. If a gene is not on the sex chromosome, it is found on a (an)
   A. autosome.
   B.  locus.
   C.  dyad.
   D.  asexual chromosome.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

 

 

9. Which is a correct usage of phenotype and genotype?
   A. Phenotype is the cause of genotype
   B.  Phenotype is restricted to characteristics involving size and color
   C.  One genotype may produce many phenotypes
   D.  Two different genotypes may produce the same phenotype

 

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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

10. Which of the following is NOT part of Mendel’s law of segregation?
    A. Each individual contains two factors for each trait
    B.  One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive in each individual
    C.  Each gamete contains one copy of each factor
    D.  Fertilization restores the presence of the two factors

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

11. In a cross of parents with AA and aa genotypes for a particular trait, F₁ offspring would show which genotype(s)?
    A.AA and Aa
    B. AA, Aa, and aa
    C. AA only
    D. Aa only

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

12. F₂ offspring of a monohybrid cross involving Aa genotype show which genotype(s)?
    A. Aa only
    B.  AA and Aa
    C.  Aa and aa
    D.  AA, Aa, and aa

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

13. Since a testcross backcrosses with a pure homozygous recessive strain, the offspring of an Aa genotype crossed by an aa genotype would show which genotype(s)?
    A. AA only
    B.  Aa only
    C.  AA and Aa
    D.  Aa and aa

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

14. You expect to find a ratio of 9:3:3:1 among the F₂ offspring in which type of cross?
    A. Monohybrid cross
    B.  Dihybrid cross
    C.  Test cross
    D.  Sex-linked cross

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

15. In the case of tall and dwarf pea plants, if a pea plant shows a recessive phenotype,
    A. it can be either TT or Tt.
    B.  it can be either Tt or tt.
    C.  it can be only TT.
    D.  it can be only tt.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

16. Alleles are genes that
    A.are linked.
    B. are lethal when homozygous.
    C. occupy corresponding places in homologous chromosomes.
    D. are never heterozygous.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

17. In Mendel’s pea plants, round seeds (R) were dominant, and wrinkled seeds (r) were recessive. The endosperm of the pea is also either starchy, a dominant gene (S), or waxy, the recessive allele (s). If these genes are not linked, which of the following is true of a heterozygous dihybrid cross?
    A. It is impossible to obtain offspring that are homozygous for both dominant genes.
    B.  It is impossible to obtain offspring that are homozygous for both recessive genes.
    C.  It is impossible to obtain offspring that are homozygous for one dominant gene such as round seed and homozygous recessive for the other recessive waxy gene.
    D.  It is possible to produce offspring that are homozygous dominant for both traits, homozygous dominant for one trait but not the other, and homozygous recessive for both traits.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

18. Gene interactions in which an allele at one locus prevents the expression of an allele at another locus is called
    A. complete dominance.
    B.  incomplete dominance.
    C.  epistasis.
    D.  pleiotropy.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

19. A trait caused by genes at several loci is an example of which of these?
    A. Multiple alleles at one locus
    B.  Epistasis
    C.  Pleiotropy
    D.  Polygenic inheritance

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

20. Which of the following is NOT correct about X-linked characteristics?
    A. More males than females are affected.
    B.  If a female exhibits the trait, all of her sons will also inherit and exhibit it.
    C.  Females can be carriers of the gene without showing it.
    D.  Males have two copies of the alleles for the trait, but females have only one.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

21. Males are said to be ________ for traits carried on the X chromosome
    A. codominant
    B.  polygenic
    C.  hemizygous
    D.  homozygous

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

22. At which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur?
    A. Prophase of the first meiotic division
    B.  Anaphase of the first meiotic division
    C.  Prophase of the second meiotic division
    D.  Anaphase of the second meiotic division

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

23. Why is crossing-over important?
    A. Crossing-over provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells.
    B.  Crossing-over increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain recombined genetic material.
    C.  Crossing-over increases chromosome condensation.
    D.  Crossing-over separates the homologous chromosomes.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

24. What is a synaptonemal complex?
    A. The internal structure of nucleoprotein that makes up a chromosome
    B.  A proteinaceous structure that holds together two sister chromatids
    C.  The spindle fibers that attach from pole to pole without binding chromosomes
    D.  The set of cells produced from a single original parent cell in oogenesis

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

25. Deletion of one chromosome, as in the case of XO or Turner syndrome, would be a case of
    A. aneuploidy.
    B.  changes in the linear arrangement of genes within one chromosome.
    C.  trisomy.
    D.  polyploidy.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

26. Down syndrome is an example of
    A. aneuploidy.
    B.  changes in the liner arrangement of genes within one chromosome.
    C.  monosomy.
    D.  polyploidy.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
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Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

27. A section of a chromosome breaks out and then reinserts itself into the gap it left, but in the opposite direction. What is this called?
    A. Aneuploidy
    B.  An inversion
    C.  A translocations
    D.  A deletion

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

28. Beadle and Tatum’s mutated Neurospora were unable to grow on minimal media plus metabolites A or B, but did grow on minimal media plus metabolites C and D, indicating enzyme 2 was missing from the hypothetical pathway.

    A.  If only enzyme 1 was missing, then growth would occur with just metabolite B.
    B.  From the limited data given here, enzyme 1 could also be missing from the original experiment.
    C.  Any minimal media with metabolite D should grow the Neurospora without revealing if the strain contains or lacks enzymes 1, 2 or 3.
    D.  Failure to grow on minimal media possessing metabolites A, B and C reflects a lack of enzyme 3.
    E.  All of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

29. A codon is composed of _______ bases.
    A. two
    B.  three
    C.  four
    D.  six

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

30. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT correct?
    A. Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.
    B.  Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break.
    C.  DNA polymerase catalyzes DNA replication.
    D.  Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

31. What is the function of DNA ligase?
    A.To carry DNA into a new cell.
    B. To join the end of the new strand to the old one.
    C. To make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA for diffusion into the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
    D. To destroy damaged DNA.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

 

 

32. Which RNA molecules carry genetic information away from DNA when it is needed for the construction of a protein?
    A. Ribosomal RNA
    B.  Transfer RNA
    C.  Messenger RNA
    D.  Primary mrna transcript

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

33. Messenger RNA is transcribed using which strand of DNA?
    A. Sense strand
    B.  Antisense strand
    C.  Messenger RNA is not transcribed from DNA
    D.  Both strands of DNA are typically used

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

34. Transfer RNA functions in
    A. delivering amino acids to the mRNA-ribosome complex.
    B.  synthesizing mRNA.
    C.  delivering amino acids to DNA.
    D.  None of the choices are correct.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

 

 

35. What is the anticodon for GCG?
    A. AUA
    B.  UAU
    C.  CGC
    D.  AGA

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

36. Sections of DNA that do not code for a final product, and which may intervene in a DNA sequence are
    A. transcribed into RNA.
    B.  exons.
    C.  introns.
    D.  interferons.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

37. Which of the following processes synthesizes mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA?
    A. Translation
    B.  Transcription
    C.  Transposition
    D.  None of the choices are correct

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

 

 

38. A complex of mRNA used to allow molecules of the same protein to be synthesized is called a(n) _______________.
    A. anticodon
    B.  transcription factor
    C.  intron
    D.  polysome

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

39. Which type of RNA molecule forms the large and small subunits of the cytoplasmic structure that builds proteins?
    A. Ribosomal RNA
    B.  Transfer RNA
    C.  Messenger RNA
    D.  Primary mrna transcript

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

40. On the cloverleaf-shaped tRNA, what is exposed to form base pairs with complementary codon bases in the mRNA?
    A. Polysomes
    B.  Introns
    C.  Anticodons
    D.  RNA polymerase

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

 

 

41. The first control in gene activity is _______ control.
    A. translational
    B.  transcriptional
    C.  gene rearrangement
    D.  DNA modification

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

42. Which level of control in gene activity involves delay in translation, such as the buildup of oocytes messenger RNA until fertilization activates egg metabolism?
    A. Translational control
    B.  Transcriptional control
    C.  Gene rearrangement
    D.  DNA modification

 

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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

43. Methylation of cytosine residues is involved in
    A. feedback control.
    B.  translational control.
    C.  gene rearrangement.
    D.  DNA modification and control.

 

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Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

 

 

44. Which type of molecule produces variable lengths of DNA with “sticky ends”?
    A. DNA ligase
    B.  RNA polymerase
    C.  Reverse transcriptase
    D.  Restriction enzymes

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
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Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

45. To make recombinant DNA,
    A. bacterial DNA is annealed with restriction endonucleases.
    B.  DNA is cleaved with restriction endonucleases and annealed together with plasmid or viral DNA.
    C.  plasmid or viral DNA is cloned in mammalian cells.
    D.  the “sticky ends” of the DNA must be annealed to the nuclear membrane.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

46. The polymerase chain reaction is
    A. part of the normal process of DNA replication in the cell.
    B.  a way to amplify small samples of DNA when a short sequence is known.
    C.  a method for constructing complementary DNA by transcribing the base sequence with reverse transcriptase.
    D.  None of the choices are correct.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

 

 

 

Fill in the Blank Questions

47. Body cells and gametes typically have the diploid and ____________ number of chromosomes respectively.
    haploid

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Topic: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

48. The phenomenon where an allele at one locus may mask or prevent the expression of an allele at another locus acting on the same trait is called ____________.
    epistasis

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

49. Males are said to be ___________ for traits carried on the X chromosome.
    hemizygous

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

50. Aneuploidy is the addition or subtraction of a single _____________ to or from a diploid set.
    chromosome

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

 

 

51. The most familiar form of aneuploidy in humans results in Down Syndrome or ________ _________.
    trisomy 21

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Topic: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

52. The mRNA molecules attach themselves to a _______ that allows several molecules of the same kind of protein to be synthesized at once.
    ribosome

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information

53. _________ _________ are enzymes derived from bacteria; they cleave double-stranded DNA at a particular site determined by the particular base sequences (recognition site) at that point.
    Restriction endonucleases

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
Topic: Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information