Chapter 14: Genitourinary Surgery

Chapter 14: Genitourinary Surgery

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The renal artery and vein enter and exit the kidney on the medial side of the organ through a concave area known as the:

a.	calyces.
b.	pedicle.
c.	hilum.
d.	renal pelvis.

 

 

ANS:  C

On the medial side of each kidney is a concave area known as the hilum, through which the renal artery and vein enter and exit. The renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped structure that lies within the kidney and posterior to the renal vascular pedicle, divides into several branches called calyces (Figure 14-3). The renal artery and vein with their accompanying nerves and lymphatics are referred to as the pedicle of the kidney.

 

REF:   Page 478

 

2. Select the statement about the prostate that best reflects its location, size, and weight.

a.	The prostate sits adjacent to the urethra, is 2 to 4 cm in depth, and weighs about 25 g.
b.	The prostate sits below the urethra, is 2 to 3 cm in depth, and weighs 25 to 30 g.
c.	The prostate sits below the bladder, is 2 cm in depth, and weighs about 25 to 40 g.
d.	The prostate sits below the base of the bladder, is 4 cm at the base, and weighs 20 to 30 g.

 

 

ANS:  D

The prostate gland is a donut-shaped organ composed of fibromuscular and glandular components. It is located at the base of the bladder neck and completely surrounds the urethra. The gland is about 4 cm at the base, is about 2 cm in depth, and normally weighs 20 to 30 g (see Figures 14-5 and 14-7).

 

REF:   Page 481

 

3. The kidneys are highly vascular organs. Approximately how much of the entire circulating blood volume do the kidneys process at any one time?

a.	One fifth
b.	1 ml per kg body weight
c.	One third
d.	30 ml per hour

 

 

ANS:  A

The kidneys are highly vascular organs that process approximately one fifth of the entire volume of blood at any one time.

 

REF:   Page 481

 

4. The adrenal glands lie retroperitoneally beneath the diaphragm, capping the medial aspects of the superior pole of each kidney. The adrenal medulla secretes ______________ while the adrenal cortex secretes ____________ and ____________.

a.	epinephrine; steroids and hormones
b.	steroids; adrenaline and hormones
c.	epinephrine; pituitary-stimulating hormone and adrenaline
d.	pituitary hormones; cortisol and norepinephrine

 

 

ANS:  A

Each adrenal gland has a medulla, which secretes epinephrine (adrenaline), and a cortex, which secretes steroids and hormones. Secretions from the adrenal cortex are influenced by the activity of the pituitary gland.

 

REF:   Page 478

 

5. Which action best reflects the movement of urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder?

a.	Normal intra-abdominal positive pressure promotes renal drainage.
b.	Slight distention of the renal pelvis initiates a wave of peristaltic contractions.
c.	Distention of the proximal ureter facilitates gravity drainage through signaling channels.
d.	Urine is propelled into the bladder when adrenal hormones bind with ureteral receptor sites.

 

 

ANS:  B

As urine accumulates in the renal pelvis, slight distention initiates a wave of muscular contractions. This peristaltic activity continues down the ureter, propelling urine into the bladder.