Chapter 05: Theories of Nursing Practice

Chapter 05: Theories of Nursing Practice

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which nursing theory might a nurse use as a conceptual framework to determine how to meet the needs of immigrants while ensuring provision of high-quality and culturally sensitive care?

a.	Martha Rogers’ nursing theory
b.	Dorothea Orem’s nursing theory
c.	Hildegard Peplau’s nursing theory
d.	Madeleine Leininger’s nursing theory

 

 

ANS:  D

Correct: Madeleine Leininger proposed the theory of cultural care diversity and universality. This theory of transcultural nursing comprises concepts involving caring and the components of a cultural care theory: diversity, universality, worldview, and ethnohistory.

Incorrect:

1. Martha Rogers’ theory is based on the nurse’s promoting synchronicity between human beings and the universe/environment.
2. Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit model facilitates client self-care by measuring the client’s deficit relative to self-care needs.
3. Hildegard Peplau’s theory identifies feelings of the client as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness.

 

DIF:    Application    REF:   p. 82

 

2. When reading Peplau’s theory, a nurse was unable to determine the relationships among concepts. The nurse listed each concept and drew lines denoting relationships to be able to understand the effect of each element. The nurse created a:

a.	hypothesis.
b.	model.
c.	construct.
d.	variable.

 

 

ANS:  B

Correct: A model is a group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.

Incorrect:

1. A hypothesis asks the question that is to be the main focus of a theory.
2. A construct is similar to a concept; it is an idea or an object that can be “built” together with others into a theory.
3. A variable is an object, event, or person that has an effect on a theory; a variable is usually manipulated or measured.

 

DIF:    Application    REF:   p. 75 | p. 77

 

3. The statement, “Nursing is a caring profession that focuses on helping people be as healthy as possible,” is an example of a:

a.	concept.
b.	construct.
c.	philosophy.
d.	model.

 

 

ANS:  C

Correct: A philosophy is the values and beliefs of the discipline.

Incorrect:

1. A concept consists of labels given to ideas, objects, and events; it is a summary of thoughts or a way to categorize thoughts or ideas.
2. A construct is a building part that combines with others to make up a theory.
3. A model is a group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.

 

DIF:    Comprehension                               REF:   p. 78; Table 5-1

 

4. Einstein’s theory of relativity laid the groundwork for theories of mathematics, and Freud and Jung provided the basis for a philosophy of man. Which nursing theory served as the foundation for nursing science?

a.	Rogers’ science of unitary human beings
b.	Nightingale’s theory of practice
c.	Watson’s theory of human caring
d.	King’s theory of goal attainment

 

 

ANS:  B

Correct: Florence Nightingale investigated the effect of the environment on healing, and this serves as the foundation for nursing science.

Incorrect:

1. Rogers in 1970 proposed the science of unitary human beings.
2. Watson’s theory of human caring is a holistic outlook, proposed in 1978, that addresses the effect and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills.
3. King’s theory of goal attainment, proposed in 1971, addresses client systems and includes society, groups, and the individual.

 

DIF:    Comprehension                               REF:   pp. 78-80

 

5. A community health nurse has been visiting a postpartum client who suffered domestic violence throughout the pregnancy, and now the infant may be at risk. The nurse assisted the client in finding shelter and legal protection. The nurse’s role and the conceptual framework involved are:

a.	change agent, according to Roy’s adaptation model.
b.	translator, according to Leininger’s theory of cultural care diversity and universality.
c.	case manager, according to Peplau’s interpersonal relations model.
d.	caregiver, according to Rogers’ science of unitary human beings.

 

 

ANS:  A

Correct: In Roy’s adaptation model, when the client incurs an insult that renders him or her in need of environmental modification, the nurse will be the change agent in assisting the individual with this adaptation.

Incorrect:

1. The role of translator is not needed. Leininger’s theory of cultural care diversity and universality focuses on the concepts of diversity, universality, worldview, and ethnohistory, none of which is relevant in this situation.
2. Peplau’s interpersonal relations model explores the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the client and identifies the client’s feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness. In this acute situation, the case manager conceptual model in not as pertinent as the change agent model.
3. Rogers’ science of unitary human beings theory is one in which the nurse, as caregiver, promotes synchronicity between human beings and their environment; it is not relevant to this acute situation.

 

DIF:    Application    REF:   p. 84