Chapter 18 Introduction to the Body

Chapter 18 Introduction to the Body

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)A client is to be discharged following a partial colectomy with a transverse colostomy. Whatinformation will not be included in the discharge instructions for this client?1)A)Begin with a low residue diet and add foods as tolerated.B)Clean the stoma site with mild soap and water and observe for any signs of skin breakdown.C)Maintain a fluid intake of at least 2500 milliliters daily.D)Irrigate the ostomy with 500 to 1000 milliliters of lukewarm water every day or every otherday.Answer:DExplanation:A)Stool from ostomies above the sigmoid portion of the large intestine is liquid tosemiliquid because of insufficient water reabsorption and the ostomy will not beirrigated as part of the management. The client will need to continually wear acollection pouch. Clients with new ostomies are instructed to begin with alow-residue diet and then introduce new foods to determine tolerance and effecton the stool. High-residue foods and raw fruits and vegetables may causeintestinal obstruction. The client should be instructed to avoid perfumed andstrong soaps to reduce the incidence of skin irritation. Fluid intake should bemaintained at a high normal level and increased as indicated (fever, dehydration,increased stool output).ImplementationPhysiological Integrity — Basic Care and ComfortApplicationB)Stool from ostomies above the sigmoid portion of the large intestine is liquid tosemiliquid because of insufficient water reabsorption and the ostomy will not beirrigated as part of the management. The client will need to continually wear acollection pouch. Clients with new ostomies are instructed to begin with alow-residue diet and then introduce new foods to determine tolerance and effecton the stool. High-residue foods and raw fruits and vegetables may causeintestinal obstruction. The client should be instructed to avoid perfumed andstrong soaps to reduce the incidence of skin irritation. Fluid intake should bemaintained at a high normal level and increased as indicated (fever, dehydration,increased stool output).ImplementationPhysiological Integrity — Basic Care and ComfortApplicationC)Stool from ostomies above the sigmoid portion of the large intestine is liquid tosemiliquid because of insufficient water reabsorption and the ostomy will not beirrigated as part of the management. The client will need to continually wear acollection pouch. Clients with new ostomies are instructed to begin with alow-residue diet and then introduce new foods to determine tolerance and effecton the stool. High-residue foods and raw fruits and vegetables may causeintestinal obstruction. The client should be instructed to avoid perfumed andstrong soaps to reduce the incidence of skin irritation. Fluid intake should bemaintained at a high normal level and increased as indicated (fever, dehydration,increased stool output).ImplementationPhysiological Integrity — Basic Care and ComfortApplication1
D)Stool from ostomies above the sigmoid portion of the large intestine is liquid tosemiliquid because of insufficient water reabsorption and the ostomy will not beirrigated as part of the management. The client will need to continually wear acollection pouch. Clients with new ostomies are instructed to begin with alow-residue diet and then introduce new foods to determine tolerance and effecton the stool. High-residue foods and raw fruits and vegetables may causeintestinal obstruction. The client should be instructed to avoid perfumed andstrong soaps to reduce the incidence of skin irritation. Fluid intake should bemaintained at a high normal level and increased as indicated (fever, dehydration,increased stool output).ImplementationPhysiological Integrity — Basic Care and ComfortApplication2)A student nurse is asked by an elderly client with arteriosclerosis what causes the increase in bloodpressure with this condition. What response by the student nurse is most appropriate at this time?2)A)”The blood pressure increases because of an overall narrowing of the arteries and veins.”B)”The arteries aren’t as elastic and more force is needed to move the blood through them.”C)”There is a decrease in the amount of blood being pumped from the left side of the heart sothe heart has to pump harder to circulate the blood and this increases the blood pressure.”D)”Hardening of the arteries in the body and increased blood pressure are common changeswith aging.”Answer:BExplanation:A)In arteriosclerosis, the epithelial cells of the middle layer of the arteries lose theirelasticity and become unable to stretch and recoil easily. It then takes morepressure to push the blood through the vessels when they are at rest. A laydefinition of arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries; this is not anatomicallywhat occurs. Atherosclerosis, not arteriosclerosis, leads to a narrowing of thelumen of the artery. It does not occur in veins. A decrease in cardiac output leadsto hypotension, not hypertension.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity — Physiological AdaptationApplicationB)In arteriosclerosis, the epithelial cells of the middle layer of the arteries lose theirelasticity and become unable to stretch and recoil easily. It then takes morepressure to push the blood through the vessels when they are at rest. A laydefinition of arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries; this is not anatomicallywhat occurs. Atherosclerosis, not arteriosclerosis, leads to a narrowing of thelumen of the artery. It does not occur in veins. A decrease in cardiac output leadsto hypotension, not hypertension.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity — Physiological AdaptationApplicationC)In arteriosclerosis, the epithelial cells of the middle layer of the arteries lose theirelasticity and become unable to stretch and recoil easily. It then takes morepressure to push the blood through the vessels when they are at rest. A laydefinition of arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries; this is not anatomicallywhat occurs. Atherosclerosis, not arteriosclerosis, leads to a narrowing of thelumen of the artery. It does not occur in veins. A decrease in cardiac output leadsto hypotension, not hypertension.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity — Physiological AdaptationApplication2
D)In arteriosclerosis, the epithelial cells of the middle layer of the arteries lose theirelasticity and become unable to stretch and recoil easily. It then takes morepressure to push the blood through the vessels when they are at rest. A laydefinition of arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries; this is not anatomicallywhat occurs. Atherosclerosis, not arteriosclerosis, leads to a narrowing of thelumen of the artery. It does not occur in veins. A decrease in cardiac output leadsto hypotension, not hypertension.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity — Physiological AdaptationApplication3)A postoperative client who has had a total thyroidectomy begins to have circumoral tingling andmuscle spasms of the hands and feet a few hours after surgery. The medication that will most likelybe given to the client for this condition is:3)A)Calcium gluconate (Kalcinate).B)Levothyroxine (Synthroid).C)Magnesium sulfate.D)Potassium iodide (Lugol’s solution).Answer:AExplanation:A)The symptoms described indicate a decrease in the serum calcium level, caused byremoval of too much parathyroid tissue along with the thyroid gland. Calcium isone of the elements involved in maintaining normal muscle activity. Magnesiumsulfate is used to reduce the incidence of seizures in preeclampsia. Potassiumiodide (Lugol’s solution) and levothyroxine (Synthroid) are used forhypothyroidism.PlanningPhysiological Integrity — Pharmacological TherapiesAnalysisB)The symptoms described indicate a decrease in the serum calcium level, caused byremoval of too much parathyroid tissue along with the thyroid gland. Calcium isone of the elements involved in maintaining normal muscle activity. Magnesiumsulfate is used to reduce the incidence of seizures in preeclampsia. Potassiumiodide (Lugol’s solution) and levothyroxine (Synthroid) are used forhypothyroidism.PlanningPhysiological Integrity — Pharmacological TherapiesAnalysisC)The symptoms described indicate a decrease in the serum calcium level, caused byremoval of too much parathyroid tissue along with the thyroid gland. Calcium isone of the elements involved in maintaining normal muscle activity. Magnesiumsulfate is used to reduce the incidence of seizures in preeclampsia. Potassiumiodide (Lugol’s solution) and levothyroxine (Synthroid) are used forhypothyroidism.PlanningPhysiological Integrity — Pharmacological TherapiesAnalysisD)The symptoms described indicate a decrease in the serum calcium level, caused byremoval of too much parathyroid tissue along with the thyroid gland. Calcium isone of the elements involved in maintaining normal muscle activity. Magnesiumsulfate is used to reduce the incidence of seizures in preeclampsia. Potassiumiodide (Lugol’s solution) and levothyroxine (Synthroid) are used forhypothyroidism.PlanningPhysiological Integrity — Pharmacological TherapiesAnalysis