Chapter 36: Cardiac Disorders

Chapter 36: Cardiac Disorders

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A nurse performs an apical-radial pulse evaluation, with the result of 100/88. What is the pulse deficit?

a.	12
b.	24
c.	76
d.	88

 

 

ANS:  A

To detect an apical-radial pulse deficit, the rates should be counted simultaneously and compared for differences. If a difference exists between the apical rate and the radial rate, then a pulse deficit is present. For example, in atrial fibrillation, a pulse deficit exists.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 687             OBJ:   8

TOP:   Vital Sign Assessment: Pulse Deficit

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. What is increased in hypertension that in turn causes an increase in the work of the heart?

a.	Preload
b.	Stroke volume
c.	Contractility
d.	Afterload

 

 

ANS:  D

An increase blood pressure creates an increase in afterload because the heart must work harder to push the blood out of the left ventricle into the circulating volume.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 685-686      OBJ:   7

TOP:   Hypertension Effect on Afterload     KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. Which heart sound should the nurse record as normal?

a.	Ventricular gallop in a 20-year-old patient
b.	Atrial gallop in a 25-year-old patient
c.	Friction rub in a 45-year-old patient
d.	Medium diastolic murmur in a 50-year-old patient

 

 

ANS:  A

Ventricular gallops are considered normal in individuals younger than 30 years of age. All other options are pathologic abnormalities.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 688             OBJ:   7

TOP:   Heart Sound Assessment                 KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

4. A 49-year-old patient has multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease. Which risk factor is considered modifiable?

a.	Family history
b.	Age
c.	Smoking
d.	Male gender

 

 

ANS:  C

Smoking, a high-fat diet, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and stress are considered modifiable risk factors.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 708             OBJ:   7

TOP:   Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

 

5. A patient asks what a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is and what it is expected to do? What is the best explanation by the nurse?

a.	Measures conductivity
b.	Records the force of contraction
c.	Evaluates the efficiency of the valves
d.	Checks the volume of the preload

 

 

ANS:  C

TEE evaluates the efficiency of the valves.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 689             OBJ:   6

TOP:   TEE                KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease