Chapter 42: Urologic Disorders

Chapter 42: Urologic Disorders

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A nurse is assessing a patient with renal impairment. Which facial characteristic is a sign of fluid retention?

a.	Broken blood vessels around the nose
b.	Periorbital edema
c.	Rash on cheeks and neck
d.	Facial twitching

 

 

ANS:  B

Periorbital edema is a sign of fluid retention. Because the patient with renal impairment has generalized edema, this facial feature is extremely significant in assessing edema.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 895             OBJ:   1

TOP:   Sign of Fluid Retention                    KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

2. What laboratory value change should indicate to a nurse that a patient with renal failure has entered the oliguric stage?

a.	Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises.
b.	Serum calcium increases.
c.	Blood volume decreases.
d.	Urine osmolality increases.

 

 

ANS:  A

In the oliguric stage of renal failure, the urine output decreases to less than 400 mL/day; the BUN, creatinine, and potassium increase; and the serum calcium decreases. The patient becomes hypervolemic as the urine osmolality increases.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 896             OBJ:   1

TOP:   Oliguric Stage of Renal Failure        KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. What should nursing care focus on when caring for a patient with a ureteral catheter in place after the removal of a kidney stone?

a.	Irrigating the catheter regularly
b.	Assessing for patency
c.	Including ureteral output with the bladder output
d.	Early ambulation

 

 

ANS:  B

Patency of the ureteral catheter is essential to prevent injury to the kidney. The patient is on bedrest until the ureteral catheter is removed. The output from the ureteral catheter is measured and recorded separately, and irrigation, if performed, is not done on a regular schedule and is not more than 5 mL.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 903             OBJ:   2

TOP:   Ureteral Catheter                             KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

4. What is true about the urine osmolality when the kidney is adequately functioning?

a.	Equal to the osmolality of the serum
b.	Approximately half of the serum
c.	In a ratio of 10:1 with the serum
d.	Equal to the excretion of urea

 

 

ANS:  A

If the blood osmolality is high, the kidneys need to dilute the blood and excrete more concentrated urine, and the reverse is true. The osmolality of the serum and the urine should be equal.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 885             OBJ:   2

TOP:   Kidney Function Tests                     KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

 

5. Which urine test provides the most accurate measurement of renal function?

a.	BUN
b.	Phosphates
c.	Specific gravity
d.	Creatinine

 

 

ANS:  D

Creatinine is not affected by diet, hydration, or liver function and is a better measurement of liver function than the BUN.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   p. 896             OBJ:   2

TOP:   Creatinine      KEY:  Nursing Process Step: N/A              MSC:  NCLEX: N/A