Chapter 38: Care of Patients with Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

Chapter 38: Care of Patients with Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse explains to a newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic that the beta cells can no longer produce adequate insulin because:

a.	they are inhibited by pituitary disorder.
b.	an allergic response has altered their response to hyperglycemia.
c.	alpha cells have proliferated in the islets of Langerhans.
d.	the body’s immune system has destroyed them.

 

 

ANS:  D

In type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), the beta cells on the islets of Langerhans are destroyed by an autoimmune reaction.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   857                OBJ:   1 (clinical)

TOP:   Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Etiology

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. The nurse uses a visual aid to demonstrate that among diabetics, type 2 diabetics comprise up to _____% of all known cases.

a.	70
b.	75
c.	80
d.	95

 

 

ANS:  D

Type 2 diabetics comprise 90% to 95% of all known cases.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   857                OBJ:   1 (theory)

TOP:   Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Incidence

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

 

3. The nurse recognizes a need for further information when a young woman with gestational diabetes says:

a.	“Gestational diabetes results from the hormonal changes of pregnancy.”
b.	“I will need to exercise regularly and lose weight to reduce my risk of becoming a diabetic.”
c.	“I’ll be free of diabetes when this baby is born.”
d.	“The baby will have to be monitored for hypoglycemia during my pregnancy.”

 

 

ANS:  C

Of the women who have gestational diabetes, 5% to 10% go on to develop type 2 diabetes.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   857-858         OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   Gestational Diabetes: Risks              KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Evaluation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

4. A patient asks the nurse if stress can be a potential cause of type 2 diabetes. What should be included in the response provided by the nurse?

a.	Stress decreases the number of alpha cells in the pancreas, thus increasing the workload on the beta cells.
b.	Periods of stress cause increases in glycogen production by the adrenal cortex.
c.	Stress is directly associated with decreased insulin tolerance.
d.	The inhibition of beta cells to glucose is increased in periods of stress.

 

 

ANS:  B

Stress stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids, which can cause hyperglycemia.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   858                OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   Diabetes Mellitus: Metabolic Risks

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

5. The nurse counsels the 30-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who is overweight and noncompliant that control of diabetes would most improve if she were to:

a.	lose weight.
b.	take more Glucophage.
c.	eat a high-protein diet.
d.	take insulin.

 

 

ANS:  A

Type 2 diabetes is prevalent in the obese. Of the known cases, 80% of them are overweight. Loss of weight decreases hyperglycemia.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   858                OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   Diabetes Mellitus: Modifiable Risks

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease