Chapter 14: Genetics, Altered Immune Responses, and Transplantation

Chapter 14: Genetics, Altered Immune Responses, and Transplantation

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A patient whose mother has been diagnosed with BRCA gene–related breast cancer asks
the nurse, “Do you think I should be tested for the gene?” Which response by the nurse is
most appropriate?
a. “In most cases, breast cancer is not caused by the BRCA gene.”
b. “It depends on how you will feel if the test is positive for the BRCA gene.”
c. “There are many things to consider before deciding to have genetic testing.”
d. “You should decide first whether you are willing to have a double mastectomy.”
ANS: C
Although presymptomatic testing for genetic disorders allows patients to take action
(such as mastectomy) to prevent the development of some genetically caused disorders,
patients also need to consider that test results in their medical file may impact insurance,
employability, etc. Telling a patient that a decision about mastectomy should be made
before testing implies that the nurse has made a judgment about what the patient should
do if the test is positive. Although the patient may need to think about her reaction if the
test is positive, other issues (e.g., insurance) also should be considered. Although most
breast cancers are not related to BRCA gene alterations, the patient with the gene
alteration has a markedly increased risk for breast cancer.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 209-210
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
2. A patient seen in the outpatient clinic has an immune deficiency involving the T-
lymphocytes. The nurse should teach the patient about the need for more frequent
screening for
a. allergies.
b. malignancy.
c. antibody deficiency.
d. autoimmune disorders.
ANS: B
Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for the recognition and destruction of cancer cells.
Allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders, and antibody deficiencies are mediated
primarily by humoral immunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 214
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Test Bank 14-2
3. In counseling a couple in which the man has an autosomal recessive disorder, and the
woman has no gene for the disorder, the nurse uses Punnett squares to show the couple
that the probability of their having a child with the disorder is
a. 0%.
b. 25%.
c. 50%.
d. 75%.
ANS: A
When one parent has no gene for an autosomal recessive disorder, the children will not
display the characteristics of the disorder. However, the children will be carriers of the
autosomal recessive disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 210
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
4. The nurse encourages a new mother to breastfeed her infant, even for a short time,
because colostrum will provide the infant with
a. innate immunity.
b. active immunity.
c. passive immunity.
d. cell-mediated immunity.
ANS: C
Colostrum provides passive immunity through antibodies from the mother; these
antibodies protect the infant for a few months. However, memory cells are not retained,
so the protection is not permanent. Innate immunity is present at birth and occurs without
exposure to an antigen. Active immunity requires that the infant manufacture antibodies
after exposure to an antigen. Cell-mediated immunity is acquired through T-lymphocytes
and is a form of active immunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 216
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity