Chapter 14: Medicating Infants and Children

Chapter 14: Medicating Infants and Children

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. Which of the following would the nurse use to prepare liquid medication in volumes less than 5 milliliters?

a.	Calibrated syringe
b.	Paper measuring cup
c.	Plastic measuring cup
d.	Household teaspoon

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	To ensure accuracy, a calibrated syringe without a needle should be used to prepare a liquid dosage less than 5 milliliters.
B	Paper measuring cups are not calibrated for liquid volumes less than 5 milliliters.
C	A liquid volume less than 5 milliliters cannot be measured accurately in a plastic measuring cup.
D	A household teaspoon is not accurate enough to measure small amounts of medication

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 378

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

2. Which of the following food choices is appropriate to mix with medication?

a.	Formula or milk
b.	Applesauce
c.	Syrup
d.	Orange juice

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	Formula and milk are essential foods in a child’s diet. Medications may alter their flavor and cause the child to avoid them in the future.
B	To prevent the child from developing a negative association with an essential food, a nonessential food such as applesauce is best for mixing with medications.
C	Syrup is not used to mix with medications because of its high sugar content.
D	Orange juice is considered an essential food; therefore, the nurse should not mix medications with it.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 378

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

3. Which physiologic difference would affect the absorption of oral medications administered to a 3-month-old infant?

a.	More rapid peristaltic activity
b.	More acidic gastric secretions
c.	Usually more rapid gastric emptying
d.	Variable pancreatic enzyme activity

 

 

ANS:   D

 

	Feedback
A	Infants up to 8 months of age tend to have prolonged motility. The longer the intestinal transit time, the more medication is absorbed.
B	The gastric secretions of infants are less acidic than in older children or adults.
C	Gastric emptying is usually slower in infants.
D	Pancreatic enzyme activity is variable in infants for the first 3 months of life as the gastrointestinal system matures. Medications that require specific enzymes for dissolution and absorption might not be digested to a form suitable for intestinal action.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    Text Reference: pg 373

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

4. Which factor should the nurse remember when administering topical medication to an infant?

a.	Infants require a larger dosage because of a greater body surface area.
b.	Infants have a thinner stratum corneum that absorbs more medication.
c.	Infants have a smaller percentage of muscle mass compared with adults.
d.	The skin of infants is less sensitive to allergic reactions.

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	A similar dose of a topical medication administered to an infant compared with an adult is approximately three times greater in the infant because of the greater body surface area.
B	Infants and young children have a thinner outer skin layer (stratum corneum), which increases the absorption of topical medication.
C	The smaller muscle mass in infants affects site selection for injected medications.
D	The young child’s skin is more prone to irritation, making contact dermatitis and other allergic reactions more common.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    Text Reference: pgs 373-374

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity