Chapter 17: Nutrition for Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Chapter 17: Nutrition for Cardiopulmonary Diseases

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. If a patient has a family history of cardiovascular disease and is concerned about his own level of risk, the most useful measurements would be

a.	serum sodium and glucose levels.
b.	blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
c.	serum total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
d.	serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.

 

 

ANS:  D

Serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels would be the best predictors of cardiovascular risk. Blood glucose level may help identify type 2 diabetes, which often coexists with cardiovascular disease but is not necessarily predictive of it. Serum sodium levels do not demonstrate cardiovascular risk. Blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels would reflect lung function. Serum total and HDL cholesterol levels would be somewhat related to cardiovascular risk, but less so than triglycerides and LDL cholesterol.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Pages 365-366

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

 

2. If gangrene develops in a patient’s foot and the patient is found to have high blood lipid levels, he or she probably has

a.	type 2 diabetes mellitus.
b.	peripheral artery disease.
c.	angina pectoris.
d.	fatty liver disease.

 

 

ANS:  B

Peripheral artery disease is a form of cardiovascular disease in which atherosclerosis develops in major arteries and blocks blood flow to the extremities. This may lead to ischemic necrosis of extremities and even gangrene; elevated blood lipids levels would indicate that this is the case. Type 2 diabetes may cause nerve damage in the extremities, and gangrene could occur, but blood lipids are not necessarily elevated. Angina pectoris is caused by atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries, and fatty liver disease is caused by excess alcohol intake or obesity.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 364

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological integrity

 

3. If a patient has a thrombosis in a cerebral artery, he or she would experience

a.	a stroke.
b.	a migraine headache.
c.	a heart attack.
d.	angina pectoris.

 

 

ANS:  A

If a patient has a thrombosis in a cerebral artery, he or she would experience a stroke, or cerebrovascular accident. A migraine headache is thought to be caused by dilation of blood vessels in the brain. Heart attacks are caused by a thrombosis in a coronary artery that completely blocks the artery. Angina pectoris is caused by a thrombus in the coronary artery that causes only partial occlusion of the blood vessel.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 364

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological integrity

 

4. A patient who would be likely to have elevated serum triglyceride levels is a(n)

a.	single mother who works full-time and eats only two meals a day.
b.	teenager taking antibiotics during recovery from a streptococcal infection.
c.	overweight man who drinks three alcoholic beverages a day.
d.	young man infected with hepatitis A virus.

 

 

ANS:  C

Elevations in serum triglyceride levels are associated with long-term excessive alcohol intake (more than two drinks per day for a man), overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and very high carbohydrate intake. Serum triglyceride levels are not related to meal frequency, use of antibiotics, or hepatitis A infection.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 366

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological integrity

 

5. The primary goal of therapy to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease is to lower serum levels of _____ cholesterol.

a.	total
b.	LDL
c.	HDL
d.	very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

 

 

ANS:  B

The primary goal of therapy to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease focuses on lowering blood levels of LDL cholesterol. Lowering serum total cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol levels and increasing HDL cholesterol levels also decreases cardiovascular risk but are not the main focus.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   Page 367        TOP:   Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC:  Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance