Chapter 20: Nutrition in Cancer and HIV/AIDS

Chapter 20: Nutrition in Cancer and HIV/AIDS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. When someone smokes cigarettes and drinks three alcoholic beverages a day, he or she is contributing to his or her cancer risk via

a.	initiation.
b.	metastasis.
c.	promotion.
d.	progression.

 

 

ANS:  C

Cigarettes and alcohol contribute to cancer risk by promoting abnormal cell growth in cells that are already mutated. Initiation is the stage in which the DNA in a normal cell is mutated. Progression is the stage in which the abnormal cells spread outside their original location. Metastasis is the spread of cancer to secondary sites. The DNA of the cell undergoes mutation in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. Promotion is the second stage, in which abnormal cell growth occurs. Progression is the third stage, in which cancer cells spread beyond their original location. Metastasis is formation of cancer in secondary sites.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Pages 415-416

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological integrity | Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

 

2. Someone who uses sunscreen and wears UV protective clothing and hats to prevent development of skin cancer may need to

a.	use light therapy to prevent seasonal affective disorder.
b.	consume extra vitamins C and E and other dietary antioxidants.
c.	ensure adequate intake of vitamin D from fortified foods and supplements.
d.	consume additional fluids to replace sweat losses caused by additional clothing.

 

 

ANS:  C

Dietary antioxidants, found in fruits and vegetables, as well as in some other foods, may help protect against carcinogenesis. Electrolytes, amino acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids are all important in maintaining good nutritional status but do not help protect against carcinogenesis.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 415 | Page 423

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment| Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

 

3. Fruits and vegetables help prevent cancer because they have high amounts of

a.	phytosterols.
b.	vitamins.
c.	antineoplastics.
d.	antioxidants.

 

 

ANS:  D

Fruits and vegetables have high amounts of antioxidants that help prevent DNA mutation that leads to cancer. Antioxidants have antineoplastic qualities, but this is not what they are called. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamins, but not all vitamins help prevent cancer. Phytosterols are found in plant oils and help lower blood cholesterol level.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   Pages 415-416

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment| Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

 

4. A dietary change that would help prevent cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute recommendations, is

a.	eating vegetarian meals two or more times a week.
b.	choosing organic, pesticide-free fruits and vegetables.
c.	eating five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables.
d.	consuming three or more daily servings of low-fat dairy products.

 

 

ANS:  C

Eating five of more daily servings of fruits and vegetables would help prevent cancer. Eating vegetarian meals two or more times a week may help prevent cardiovascular disease. Choosing organic, pesticide-free fruits and vegetables would help protect the environment. Consuming three or more daily servings of low-fat dairy products would help prevent osteoporosis and hypertension.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   Page 415        TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

 

5. Factors that contribute to loss of lean body mass in many patients with cancer that are outside the patient’s control include

a.	hypermetabolism.
b.	inadequate protein intake.
c.	inadequate energy intake.
d.	drug noncompliance.

 

 

ANS:  A

Hypermetabolism may be caused by release of cytokines as part of the cancer process; this is outside the patient’s control. It may be difficult to maintain adequate intakes of protein and energy and to comply with drug regimens, but these factors are within the patient’s control.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 416 | Page 423

TOP:    Nursing Process: Assessment    MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological integrity