Chapter 39: Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Chapter 39: Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. It is true that lipid-soluble hormones are
a. transported in a free state in the bloodstream.
b. bound to receptors on the plasma membranes of target cells.
c. diffused through cell membranes to activate intracellular receptors.
d. activated by second-messenger cascades within the target cell.
ANS: C
Once formed, lipid-soluble hormones simply diffuse through the plasma membrane and into the circulation. Lipid-soluble hormones
are diffused through the plasma membrane for release into the circulation. Lipid-soluble hormones are not bound to receptors for
release to target cells. Second-messenger cascades are not required for activation of lipid-soluble hormones.
REF: Pgs. 786-787
2. An example of a lipid-soluble hormone is
a. catecholamine.
b. thyroid hormone.
c. peptide hormone.
d. pituitary hormone.
ANS: B
Thyroid hormones are lipid-soluble. Catecholamines and peptide hormones are water-soluble. Peptide hormones are released from
the pituitary gland.
REF: Pgs. 786-787
3. An example of a secondary endocrine disorder is
a. pituitary hyposecretion of TSH.
b. adrenal insufficiency following adrenalectomy.
c. congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
d. pheochromocytoma.
ANS: A
Secondary endocrine disorder occurs when secretion of a tropic hormone such as TSH or ACTH is inadequate to cause the target
gland to secrete adequate amounts of hormone. Primary hyposecretion occurs when an endocrine gland, such as the thyroid or
adrenal cortex, releases an inadequate amount of hormone to meet physiologic needs. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an example
of a hypersecretion disorder. Pheochromocytoma is not a secondary endocrine disorder.
REF: Pgs. 797-798
4. Up-regulation of target cell receptors results in
a. decreased target cell sensitivity to hormone.
b. reduced production of hormone.
c. increased target cell responsiveness to hormone.
d. an increased hormone half-life.
ANS: C
Up-regulation would make the cell more sensitive to the hormone, and hormone-dependent cellular activity could occur at normal
or nearly normal levels despite a lower than normal hormone concentration. Down-regulation would result in decreased target cell
sensitivity. A reduction in hormone production does not occur with up-regulation. Up-regulation of target cell receptors does not
result in an increased hormone half-life.
REF: Pg. 788
5. Growth hormone has sever