Chapter 12: Cancer Biology

Chapter 12: Cancer Biology

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which cancer originates from connective tissue?

a.	Osteogenic sarcoma	c.	Multiple myeloma
b.	Basal cell carcinoma	d.	Adenocarcinoma

 

 

ANS:  A

Cancers arising from connective tissue usually have the suffix -sarcoma. The remaining options are not cancers that originate in the connective tissue and, in addition, are lacking the common suffix.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 364

 

2. Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

a.	Blood vessels	c.	Connective tissue
b.	Epithelial cells	d.	Glandular tissue

 

 

ANS:  B

Only cancers arising from epithelial cells are called carcinomas.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 364

 

3. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?

a.	Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.
b.	Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.
c.	Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.
d.	Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.

 

 

ANS:  C

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. These early stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have not broken through the local basement membrane or invaded the surrounding tissue. Dysplasia refers to changes in mature cell structure.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 364

 

4. Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?

a.	Dysplasia	c.	Myoplasia
b.	Hyperplasia	d.	Anaplasia

 

 

ANS:  D

Anaplasia is defined as the loss of cellular differentiation, irregularities of the size and shape of the nucleus, and the loss of normal tissue structure. In clinical specimens, anaplasia is recognized by a loss of organization and a significant increase in nuclear size with evidence of ongoing proliferation. The remaining options refer to specific changes in the cell.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 368-369

 

5. What are tumor cell markers?

a.	Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells
b.	Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked
c.	Cytokines that are produced against cancer cells
d.	Identification marks that are used in administering radiation therapy

 

 

ANS:  A

Tumor (biologic) markers are substances produced by both benign and malignant cells that are found either in or on the tumor cells or in the blood, spinal fluid, or urine. Tumor markers may include hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens, and antibodies. The other options do not accurately describe examples of tumor markers and their function.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 365-366