Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

a.	Blunted affect	c.	Poverty of speech
b.	Auditory hallucinations	d.	Lack of social interaction

 

 

ANS:  B

Positive symptoms frequently occur during a psychotic episode, when an individual loses touch with reality and experiences something that should be absent (e.g., hallucinations). The remaining options are classified as negative symptoms.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 644-646

 

2. The onset of schizophrenia can be triggered by which prenatal occurrence?

a.	Viral infection	c.	Maternal smoking
b.	Maternal depression	d.	Exposure to toxic waste

 

 

ANS:  A

A leading hypothesis for the cause of schizophrenia suggests that the illness results from neurodevelopmental defects that occur in fetal life. Several early environmental factors have been suggested to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia, including viral infection during pregnancy, prenatal nutritional deficiencies, and perinatal complications, such as birth defects and neonatal hypoxia. No current research supports the theory that any of the other options are prenatal triggers of schizophrenia.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 642

 

3. Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?

a.	Dopamine	c.	Acetylcholine
b.	Gamma-aminobutyric acid	d.	Serotonin

 

 

ANS:  B

In the dorsal prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic brains, glutamic acid decarboxylase, the major enzyme in gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA biosynthesis, is diminished, which likely impairs synaptic performance and cognitive and behavioral functions associated with this brain region. The other neurotransmitters mentioned in the option choices are not related to the presentation of schizophrenia.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 643

 

4. Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?

a.	Parietal lobe	c.	Temporal lobe
b.	Limbic system	d.	Hypothalamus

 

 

ANS:  C

.

Only temporal lobe alterations may be responsible for the production of positive schizophrenic symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and bizarre behavior.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 642

 

5. Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor?

a.	Norepinephrine	c.	Serotonin
b.	Gamma-aminobutyric acid	d.	Dopamine

 

 

ANS:  D

The dopamine hypothesis initially suggested that abnormal elevation in dopaminergic transmission contributes to the onset of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was based on pharmacologic studies showing that antipsychotic drugs are potent blockers of brain dopamine receptors; therefore the other options are incorrect.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 643