Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The initial reproductive structures of the male and female embryos appear the same until which week of gestation?

a.	Third	c.	Twentieth
b.	Eighth	d.	Thirtieth

 

 

ANS:  B

Between 6 and 7 weeks’ gestation, the male embryo differentiates under the influence of testes-determining factor (TDF). In the absence of testosterone, a loss of the wolffian system occurs and the two gonads develop into ovaries at 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 769

 

2. The absence of which major hormone is a determinant of sexual differentiation (wolffian system) in utero?

a.	Estrogen	c.	Growth hormone
b.	Progesterone	d.	Testosterone

 

 

ANS:  D

In the absence of testosterone, a loss of the wolffian system occurs and the two gonads develop into ovaries at 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation. Between 6 and 7 weeks’ gestation, the male embryo differentiates under the influence of TDF. The presence of estrogen is a determinating factor. None of the other options function as a major determinant to sexual differentiation in utero.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 769

 

3. Which gland produces the associated hormones that are found in high levels in a female fetus?

a.	Posterior pituitary excretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
b.	Hypothalamus excretes luteinizing hormone (LH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
c.	Anterior pituitaryfollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
d.	Hypothalamus excretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

 

 

ANS:  C

In the female fetus, the anterior pituitary excretes high levels of two gonadotropins—FSH and LH. The other sequences are not correct.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 769-770

 

4. Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?

a.	Inhibin	c.	Activin
b.	Leptin	d.	Follistatin

 

 

ANS:  B

Sensitivity to leptin, which regulates appetite and energy metabolism, increases during puberty; in theory, the adolescent consumes more calories to meet the caloric needs of the pubertal growth spurt. The percent of body fat and leptin levels in girls continue to increase, whereas muscle mass increases in boys. No apparent link exists between increased appetite during puberty and any of the other options.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 778

 

5. The Skene glands are located on either side of which structure?

a.	Introitus	c.	Clitoris
b.	Urinary meatus	d.	Vestibule

 

 

ANS:  B

The ducts of the Skene glands (also called the lesser vestibular or paraurethral glands) are related only to the urinary meatus.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 772