Chapter 35: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Chapter 35: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Besides dyspnea, what is the most common characteristic associated with pulmonary disease?

a.	Chest pain	c.	Cough
b.	Digit clubbing	d.	Hemoptysis

 

 

ANS:  C

Pulmonary disease is associated with many signs and symptoms, and their specific characteristics often help in identifying the underlying disorder. The most common characteristics are dyspnea and cough. Others include abnormal sputum, hemoptysis, altered breathing patterns, hypoventilation and hyperventilation, cyanosis, clubbing of the digits, and chest pain.

 

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2. Sitting up in a forward-leaning position generally relieves which breathing disorder?

a.	Hyperpnea	c.	Apnea
b.	Orthopnea	d.	Dyspnea on exertion

 

 

ANS:  B

Of the options available, only orthopnea is generally relieved by sitting up in a forward-leaning posture or supporting the upper body on several pillows.

 

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3. Kussmaul respirations as a respiratory pattern may be associated with which characteristic(s)?

a.	Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing
b.	Pulmonary fibrosis
c.	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d.	Slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause

 

 

ANS:  D

Kussmaul respirations are characterized by a slightly increased ventilatory rate, very large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause. Kussmaul respirations are not associated with any of the other options.

 

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4. Respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are a result of which respiratory mechanism?

a.	Decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata
b.	Increased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), decreased pH, and decreased partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)
c.	Stimulation of stretch or J-receptors
d.	Fatigue of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm

 

 

ANS:  A

Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes respirations and are the result of any condition that slows the blood flow to the brainstem, which in turn slows impulses that send information to the respiratory centers of the brainstem. None of the remaining options are responsible for the described breathing pattern.

 

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5. With a total hemoglobin of 9 g/dl, how many grams per deciliter of hemoglobin must become desaturated for cyanosis to occur?

a.	3	c.	7
b.	5	d.	9

 

 

ANS:  B

Cyanosis generally develops when 5 g/dl of hemoglobin is desaturated, regardless of hemoglobin concentration.

 

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