Chapter 12: Cardiac Disorders

Chapter 12: Cardiac Disorders

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse draws a picture of fetal circulation showing how blood flows from the right atrium to the left atrium through the:

a.	Ductus arteriosus
b.	Foramen ovale
c.	Ductus venous
d.	Pulmonary arteries

 

 

ANS:   B

In fetal circulation, the blood flows through a hole in the septum between the atria called the foramen ovale. The opening closes at birth.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    p. 227              OBJ:    1

TOP:    Foramen Ovale                                   KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. The nurse caring for a 6-month-old child with tetralogy of Fallot, which allows a right to left shunting, would expect to assess in this child:

a.	Cyanosis
b.	Dyspnea
c.	Bradycardia
d.	Hypotension

 

 

ANS:   A

A defect that allows unoxygenated blood to be mixed with oxygenated blood in the circulating blood volume will result in cyanosis.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    p. 229              OBJ:    3

TOP:    Tetralogy of Fallot                             KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. The nurse caring for a 6-month-old child who had cardiac catheterization the same morning, with the insertion site in the left groin, will include in the post-operative care:

a.	Keep the left extremity straight for 4 to 6 hours
b.	Remove the dressing over the insertion site to assess for bleeding
c.	Keep both legs flexed
d.	Discourage the parents from holding the baby

 

 

ANS:   A

The extremity on the side of the puncture should be kept straight for 4 to 6 hours. The dressing over the site should not be removed, but it should be assessed for bleeding through the dressing. Parents may hold the infant if they keep the leg straight.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    p. 230              OBJ:    4

TOP:    Cardiac Catheterization                     KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

4. The school nurse recognizes an indicator of a possible congenital heart defect when a first grader assumes a squatting position during periods of physical activity. This procedure helps the child by:

a.	Allowing blood to leave the heart more forcefully through the aorta
b.	Occluding the femoral veins and reducing the work of the right side of the heart
c.	Reducing the cramping sensation in the legs due to poor function of the left side of the heart
d.	Easing respiratory effort by compressing the abdominal organs

 

 

ANS:   B

This position is assumed by instinct as it occludes the venous return, reducing the work of the right side of the heart and improving oxygenation.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    p. 230              OBJ:    2

TOP:    Squatting Position                              KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

5. The nurse is aware that when the body experiences frequent hypoxemia, it compensates by:

a.	Producing more white blood cells
b.	Producing more red blood cells
c.	Dilating the pulmonary artery
d.	Increasing urinary output to reduce blood volume

 

 

ANS:   B

Chronic hypoxia causes the body to compensate with the production of more red blood cells, resulting in a condition called polycythemia.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    p. 230              OBJ:    3

TOP:    Polycythemia                                      KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Planning

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation