Chapter 15: Fluid Balance, Renal, and Reproductive Disorders

Chapter 15: Fluid Balance, Renal, and Reproductive Disorders

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse clarifies that a child who has isotonic dehydration has lost:

a.	No fluids or electrolytes
b.	More electrolytes than fluids
c.	More fluids than electrolytes
d.	Equal amounts of fluids and electrolytes

 

 

ANS:   D

Isotonic dehydration occurs when the child has lost equal amounts of fluids and electrolytes.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    pp. 282-283     OBJ:    1

TOP:    Isotonic Dehydration                         KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. The nurse is aware that when an infant suffers a fluid loss, the kidneys will:

a.	Concentrate the urine in order to conserve the fluid level
b.	Dilute the urine to increase output
c.	Retain sodium to hold the water in the cells
d.	Be impaired due to their immaturity

 

 

ANS:   D

The immaturity of the infant’s kidneys impairs the concentration of urine to preserve water.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    p. 282              OBJ:    2

TOP:    Urine Concentration                           KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Planning

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. The nurse caring for a 6-month-old infant who is recovering from moderate dehydration and weighs 16 pounds knows that the minimal acceptable output for this child is:

a.	7.2 mL/hour
b.	10 mL/hour
c.	12.75 mL/hour
d.	14.5 mL/hour

 

 

ANS:   D

A 16-pound child weighs 7.27 kg (16 pounds/2.2 = 7.27 kg). Using the formula of 2 mL/kg/hour for an infant: 7.27 kilograms ´ 2 mL/kg/hour = 14.54 mL/hour.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    p. 284              OBJ:    2

TOP:    Calculating Adequate Output            KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

4. The nurse explains to the parents of a child who has been diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) that this is a condition in which:

a.	The ureters are stenosed and allow urine to enter the pelvis of the kidney
b.	A malfunctioning valve at the junction of the ureter and bladder allows urine to enter the pelvis of the kidney
c.	The bladder does not completely empty and acts as a reservoir for bacterial growth
d.	The ureter is constricted and does not allow urine to leave the pelvis of the kidney

 

 

ANS:   B

Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition in which a malfunctioning valve at the junction of the ureter and bladder allows urine to enter the pelvis of the kidney.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    pp. 284-285     OBJ:    2

TOP:    Vesicoureteral Reflux                        KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

5. A 5-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of pain on urination and urgency. The school nurse recognizes these as signs and symptoms of:

a.	Urinary tract infection
b.	Vesicoureteral reflux
c.	Acute glomerulonephritis
d.	Nephrotic syndrome

 

 

ANS:   A

Pain on urination, urgency, and enuresis in a potty-trained child are all indicative of a urinary tract infection.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    p. 285              OBJ:    2

TOP:    Urinary Tract Infections                    KEY:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease