CHAPTER 24: RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS

CHAPTER 24: RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?

a.	facilitate gas exchange	c.	clean the blood
b.	get rid of carbon dioxide	d.	circulate oxygen

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate gas exchange in the body.
B	Incorrect. The removal of carbon dioxide waste is only one part of the gas exchange.
C	Incorrect. Cleaning the blood is euphemistic, and technically incorrect.
D	Incorrect. Circulation of oxygen is one part of the gas exchange.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 792 – Respiratory Alterations        OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

2. Which of the following factors are age-related physical differences in infants that most increase this population’s risks for developing a respiratory system dysfunction?

a.	small airways and fewer alveoli	c.	abdominal breathing
b.	shape of the chest, smaller ribs	d.	greater weight-to-height ratio

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. Several developmental variations increase the pediatric population’s risks for acquiring a respiratory system dysfunction. Small airways, fewer alveoli, and increased chest compliance are leading factors that predispose to respiratory alterations.
B	Incorrect. Among age-related physical differences in infants that most increase this population’s risks for developing a respiratory system dysfunction, the shape of the chest and smaller ribs are not factors.
C	Incorrect. Among age-related physical differences in infants that most increase this population’s risks for developing a respiratory system dysfunction, abdominal breathing is not a factor (infants are nose breathers).
D	Incorrect. Among age-related physical differences in infants that most increase this population’s risks for developing a respiratory system dysfunction, their weight-to-height ratio is not a factor (alveolar surface for gas exchange is more limited in relation to height and weight).

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 792 – Respiratory Alterations

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

3. During which of the following age periods does a child have the most limited alveolar surface for gas exchange in relation to height and weight?

a.	infancy	c.	preschool years
b.	toddler years	d.	school-age years

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. An infant has a more limited alveolar surface for gas exchange, in relation to height and weight, than at any other stage in life.
B	Incorrect. The toddler’s alveolar surface has expanded, and is less limited than an infant’s.
C	Incorrect. The preschooler’s alveolar surface has expanded, and is less limited than an infant’s.
D	Incorrect. School-aged children’s alveolar surface has expanded, and is less limited than an infant’s.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 792 – Respiratory Alterations

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

4. When an infant is in respiratory distress and having retractions, what causes the retractions?

a.	a deficiency of oxygen and a surplus of carbon dioxide in the lungs
b.	efforts by the infant to take in more air create a negative-pressure pull
c.	soft tissue surrounding the ribs and sternum are drawn inward during inspiration
d.	changes in electrolyte status in the lungs

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. A deficiency of oxygen and a surplus of carbon dioxide in the lungs may result during retractions, but is not causative of retractions.
B	Incorrect. Efforts by the infant to take in more air, i.e., expand their lungs, causes the chest wall to contract instead, but does not create a negative-pressure pull.
C	Correct. When infants in distress attempt to increase lung volumes, their pliable chest wall moves inward instead of expanding. Retractions occur as the soft tissue surrounding the ribs and sternum move inward during inhalation.
D	Incorrect. When an infant is in respiratory distress and having retractions, changes in electrolyte status in the lungs do not cause retractions (further, electrolyte status is not measured in reference to the lungs).

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 792 – Respiratory Alterations

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

5. Compared to that of an adult, which of the following percentages represents a child’s oxygen consumption?

a.	25%	c.	100%
b.	50%	d.	200%

 

 

ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Children’s oxygen consumption is estimated to be 200% higher than adults, not 25%.
B	Incorrect. Children’s oxygen consumption is estimated to be 200% higher than adults, not 50%.
C	Incorrect. Children’s oxygen consumption is estimated to be 200% higher than adults, not 100%.
D	Correct. Metabolic demands, and thus oxygen consumption, are greater in infants and children than in adults. Children’s oxygen consumption is estimated to be 200% higher than adults.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 793 – Anatomy and Physiology

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension