CHAPTER 25: CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS

CHAPTER 25: CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Cardiac development is fairly complete by how many weeks of gestation?

a.	4	c.	12
b.	8	d.	16

 

 

ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Cardiac development is nearly complete by 8 weeks of gestation.
B	Correct. Cardiac development is nearly complete by 8 weeks of gestation.
C	Incorrect. Cardiac development is nearly complete by 8 weeks of gestation.
D	Incorrect. Cardiac development is nearly complete by 8 weeks of gestation.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 847 – Anatomy and Physiology     OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

2. What is the purpose of the ductus arteriosus while the fetus is developing in utero?

a.	to divert blood from the fetal lungs to the fetal aorta
b.	to circulate blood throughout the fetal body and back to the placenta
c.	to move blood between the various chambers of the fetal heart
d.	to direct blood immediately to the fetal liver

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. The ductus arteriosus (a blood vessel connecting the aorta with the pulmonary artery) is used to divert blood from the fetal lungs to the fetal aorta as the lungs do not participate in gas exchange in utero. This structure usually closes after birth.
B	Incorrect. The ductus arteriosus does not circulate blood throughout the fetal body and back to the placenta. This is the role of the umbilical cord.
C	Incorrect. The ductus arteriosus does not move blood between the various chambers of the fetal heart.
D	Incorrect. The ductus arteriosus does not direct blood immediately to the fetal liver.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 861 – Congestive Heart Failure

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

3. Cardiac abnormalities account for what percentage of all congenital malformations?

a.	5%	c.	20%
b.	10%	d.	25%

 

 

ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Cardiac abnormalities do not account for 5% of all congenital malformations.
B	Incorrect. Cardiac abnormalities do not account for 10% of all congenital malformations.
C	Incorrect. Cardiac abnormalities do not account for 20% of all congenital malformations.
D	Correct. Cardiac abnormalities account for 25% of all congenital malformations.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 847 – Anatomy and Physiology     OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

4. Heart size has a correlation that continues into adulthood. The heart is the size of the:

a.	ear	c.	knee
b.	fist	d.	elbow

 

 

ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. The heart is not the size of the ear.
B	Correct. Heart size corresponds with the size of the child’s fist; this correlation continues into adulthood.
C	Incorrect. The heart is not the size of the knee.
D	Incorrect. The heart is not the size of the elbow.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 847 – Anatomy and Physiology

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

5. After birth the pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that:

a.	has a high concentration of hemoglobin	c.	carries deoxygenated blood
b.	has a high-pressure vascular bed	d.	returns blood to the heart

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood. Since most oxygen carried in the blood is bound to hemoglobin and the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood, it does not have a high concentration of hemoglobin.
B	Incorrect. The pulmonary vascular bed is a low-pressure vascular bed.
C	Correct. After birth the pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood. All other arteries including the aorta carry oxygenated blood.
D	Incorrect. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. It does not return blood to the heart.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 847 – Anatomy and Physiology

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension