CHAPTER 28: ENDOCRINE ALTERATIONS

CHAPTER 28: ENDOCRINE ALTERATIONS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. At what point is hormonal control over most body systems complete?

a.	birth	c.	1 month
b.	72 hours after birth	d.	12 to 18 months of age

 

 

ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Hormonal control of many body systems is not complete at birth.
B	Incorrect. Hormonal control of many body systems is not complete at 72 hours after birth.
C	Incorrect. Hormonal control of many body systems is not complete at 1 month of age.
D	Correct. Hormonal control of many body functions is lacking until 12 to 18 months of age.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 984 – Endocrine Alterations          OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

2. Which of the following endocrine glands stores vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)?

a.	adrenal medulla	c.	posterior pituitary
b.	adrenal cortex	d.	anterior pituitary

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. The adrenal medulla is an endocrine gland but is involved in the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B	Incorrect. The adrenal cortex is an endocrine gland but is involved in the production of glucocorticoids, androgens and mineralocorticoids.
C	Correct. The posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin and stores the hormone arginine vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is produced by the hypothalamus.
D	Incorrect. The anterior pituitary is an endocrine gland but is involved in the production of growth hormones, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, ACTH, TSH and prolactin hormone.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 985 – Anatomy and Physiology

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

3. Which of the following systems or mechanisms regulates the secretion of aldosterone?

a.	renin-angiotensin system
b.	negative feedback system involving adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c.	immune system
d.	baroreceptors in the circulatory system

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. Aldosterone is the most important mineralocorticoid, causing sodium retention and potassium excretion. Its secretion is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system.
B	Incorrect. The negative feedback system involving adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) does not regulate the secretion of aldosterone.
C	Incorrect. The immune system does not regulate the secretion of aldosterone.
D	Incorrect. The baroreceptors in the circulatory system do not regulate the secretion of aldosterone.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 986 – Anatomy and Physiology

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

4. The nurse working with parents of school-aged children will talk about growth hormone with the parents and stress that this hormone is secreted mainly at which of the following times?

a.	during exposure to sunlight or fluorescent light
b.	when the child is most active and jarring the long bones
c.	primarily after the onset of sleep
d.	the short period after intake of food high in calories

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Talking about growth hormone with parents, the nurse will not stress that this hormone is secreted mainly during exposure to sunlight or fluorescent light.
B	Incorrect. Talking about growth hormone with parents, the nurse will not stress that this hormone is secreted mainly when the child is most active and jarring the long bones.
C	Correct. Growth hormone plays a primary role in postnatal growth. It is released in a pulsatile (pulsating) fashion throughout the day; however, most is secreted after the onset of sleep.
D	Incorrect. Talking about growth hormone with parents, the nurse will not stress that this hormone is secreted mainly during the short period after intake of food high in calories.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 986 – Anatomy and Physiology

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Application

 

5. Which of the following is most commonly the cause of growth hormone deficiency?

a.	injury
b.	destruction of the anterior pituitary gland
c.	infection or irradiation
d.	idiopathic condition

 

 

ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Injury is not the most common cause of growth hormone deficiency.
B	Incorrect. The destruction of the anterior pituitary gland is not the most common cause of growth hormone deficiency.
C	Incorrect. Neither infection nor irradiation are the most common cause of growth hormone deficiency.
D	Correct. In 75% of the children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), no cause for the dysfunction is found (idiopathic).

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 986 – Anatomy and Physiology

OBJ:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension