CHAPTER 33: COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS

CHAPTER 33: COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following developmental tests do nurses and others use most often?

a.	Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
b.	Bayley Scales of Infant Development
c.	Denver Developmental Screening Test II
d.	Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales exams are not used as often for the assessment of developmental milestones.
B	Incorrect. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development exam is not used as often for the assessment of developmental milestones.
C	Correct. The Denver Developmental Screening Test II is the developmental exam used most often by nurses and others. This exam is designed for screening the child from birth through 6 years, and identifies a broad range of ages at which achievement of certain verbal, motor, or social skills is expected.
D	Incorrect. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales exam is not used as often for the assessment of developmental milestones. It assesses adaptive behavior and self-care skills.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1264 – Mental Retardation

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

2. The two most prevalent syndromes associated with mental retardation (MR) are Down syndrome and which of the following?

a.	Marfan’s	c.	fragile X
b.	autism	d.	pickwickian

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome are more commonly associated with MR than Marfan’s.
B	Incorrect. Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome are more commonly associated with MR than autism.
C	Correct. Fragile X syndrome is one of the most prevalent syndromes associated with mental retardation.
D	Incorrect. Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome are more commonly associated with MR than pickwickian.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1275 – Mental Retardation

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

3. Which of the following would the nurse share then answering parents’ questions about the cause of mental retardation?

a.	Heredity is the main cause of mental retardation in the newborn and infant.
b.	There are many causes; sometimes there is a single cause and sometimes there is more than one cause.
c.	Mental retardation begins in utero with fetal development gone wrong.
d.	Virus infection in utero is the main cause of mental retardation.

 

 

ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. While heredity plays a role in select syndromes, it is necessary to recognize that it is not the main cause.
B	Correct. When educating the parents about the etiology of mental retardation, it is necessary for the nurse to identify that there are many potential causes.
C	Incorrect. By suggesting that fetal development has gone wrong, the parents may interpret that they have done something wrong or they are the cause for the mental retardation.
D	Incorrect. Viral infections are not considered the main cause of mental retardation.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1262 – Mental Retardation

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

4. A parent of a newborn who has mental retardation asks the nurse to explain what the pediatrician meant then he said, “The brain of the newborn has anatomic plasticity.” Which of the following statements by the nurse would best explain anatomic plasticity?

a.	“This means nerve cells in certain brain areas can assume functions of a different area, or signals can be rerouted around a nonfunctioning area.”
b.	“The brain is in a bony cage that, like hard plastic, will not give, and so parents must use caution to protect the head at all times.”
c.	“The brain is heartier than previously thought and has a harder surface on the outer layer of the brain.”
d.	“This is referring to the pliability of plastic, which is soft, and to the electric conductivity of plastic, which transmits signals rapidly.”

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. Anatomic plasticity refers to the ability of nerve cells in a certain area of the brain to assume the functions of a different area, or the signals can be rerouted around a nonfunctioning area. A newborn may be able to reassign portions of the brain to replace those lost through a hypoxic incident or to develop complementary abilities that compensate for deficits.
B	Incorrect. A newborn’s skull is more elastic than an adult’s, the fontanelles are not yet closed, allowing the brain to grow in size. The statement that the brain is in a bony cage like hard plastic is incorrect. Additionally, this statement does not describe anatomic plasticity.
C	Incorrect. This statement does not describe anatomic plasticity.
D	Incorrect. This statement does not define anatomic plasticity.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1262 – Mental Retardation

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

5. Which of the following classifications applies to the majority of children with mental retardation?

a.	mild	c.	severe
b.	moderate	d.	profound

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. Mild MR is the most common type. Infants with mild MR are often not noticed as mentally retarded by observers. However, during infancy and early childhood, the caregiver may note delays in achieving developmental milestones.
B	Incorrect. Moderate MR does not apply to the majority of children with MR.
C	Incorrect. Severe MR does not apply to the majority of children with MR
D	Incorrect. Profound MR does not apply to the majority of children with MR

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1263 – Mental Retardation            OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge