Chapter 29: Fluids and Electrolytes

Chapter 29: Fluids and Electrolytes

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. When reviewing the health history of a patient, the nurse will note that a potential contraindication to potassium supplements exists if the patient has which problem?

a.	Burns
b.	Diarrhea
c.	Renal disease
d.	Cardiac tachydysrhythmias

 

 

ANS:  C

Potassium supplements are contraindicated in the presence of renal disease; the other conditions listed may be treated with potassium supplements.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)                  REF:   p. 474

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

 

2. During a blood transfusion, the patient begins to have chills and back pain. What is the nurse’s priority action?

a.	Observe for other symptoms.
b.	Slow the infusion rate of the blood.
c.	Discontinue the infusion immediately, and notify the prescriber.
d.	Tell the patient that these symptoms are a normal reaction to the blood product.

 

 

ANS:  C

Because of the possibility of a transfusion reaction, the infusion should be discontinued immediately and the prescriber notified. The intravenous line should be kept patent with isotonic normal saline solution infusing at a slow rate, and the health care institution’s protocol for transfusion reactions should always be followed. The other options are inappropriate actions.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)                  REF:   p. 477

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

3. The nurse is working with a graduate nurse to prepare an intravenous dose of potassium. Which statement by the graduate nurse reflects a need for further teaching?

a.	“We will need to monitor this infusion closely.”
b.	“The infusion rate should not go over 10 mEq/hr.”
c.	“The intravenous potassium will be diluted before we give it.”
d.	“The intravenous potassium dose will be given undiluted.”

 

 

ANS:  D

When giving intravenous potassium, the medication must always be given in a diluted form and administered slowly. Intravenous bolus or undiluted forms may cause cardiac arrest. Intravenous rates are not to exceed 10 mEq/hr unless the patient is on a cardiac monitor. Oral forms should be mixed with juice or water or taken according to instructions.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Analyzing (Analysis)                     REF:   p. 476

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

 

4. A patient is in an urgent care center and is receiving treatment for mild hyponatremia after spending several hours doing gardening work in the heat of the day. The nurse expects that which drug therapy will be used to treat this condition?

a.	Oral supplementation of fluids
b.	Intravenous bolus of lactated Ringer’s solution
c.	Normal saline infusion, administered slowly
d.	Oral administration of sodium chloride tablets

 

 

ANS:  D

Mild hyponatremia is usually treated by oral administration of sodium chloride tablets. Pronounced sodium depletion is treated by intravenous normal saline or lactated Ringer’s solution.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)                  REF:   p. 473

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies