Chapter 19: Heart and Neck Vessels

Chapter 19: Heart and Neck Vessels

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called the:

a.	Pericardium.
b.	Myocardium.
c.	Endocardium.
d.	Pleural space.

 

 

ANS:  A

The pericardium is a tough, fibrous double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart. It has two layers that contain a few milliliters of serous pericardial fluid.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)                    REF:   p. 460

MSC:  Client Needs: General

 

2. The direction of blood flow through the heart is best described by which of these?

a.	Vena cava  right atrium  right ventricle  lungs  pulmonary artery  left atrium  left ventricle
b.	Right atrium  right ventricle  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  left atrium  left ventricle
c.	Aorta  right atrium  right ventricle  lungs  pulmonary vein  left atrium  left ventricle  vena cava
d.	Right atrium  right ventricle  pulmonary vein  lungs  pulmonary artery  left atrium  left ventricle

 

 

ANS:  B

Returning blood from the body empties into the right atrium and flows into the right ventricle and then goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The lungs oxygenate the blood, and it is then returned to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. The blood goes from there to the left ventricle and then out to the body through the aorta.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)                    REF:   p. 461|p. 463

MSC:  Client Needs: General

 

3. The nurse is reviewing the anatomy and physiologic functioning of the heart. Which statement best describes what is meant by atrial kick?

a.	The atria contract during systole and attempt to push against closed valves.
b.	Contraction of the atria at the beginning of diastole can be felt as a palpitation.
c.	Atrial kick is the pressure exerted against the atria as the ventricles contract during systole.
d.	The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles.

 

 

ANS:  D

Toward the end of diastole, the atria contract and push the last amount of blood (approximately 25% of stroke volume) into the ventricles. This active filling phase is called presystole, or atrial systole, or sometimes the atrial kick.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)                    REF:   p. 463

MSC:  Client Needs: General

 

4. When listening to heart sounds, the nurse knows the valve closures that can be heard best at the base of the heart are:

a.	Mitral and tricuspid.
b.	Tricuspid and aortic.
c.	Aortic and pulmonic.
d.	Mitral and pulmonic.

 

 

ANS:  C

The second heart sound (S₂) occurs with the closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves and signals the end of systole. Although it is heard over all the precordium, the S₂ is loudest at the base of the heart.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)             REF:   p. 464

MSC:  Client Needs: General

 

5. Which of these statements describes the closure of the valves in a normal cardiac cycle?

a.	The aortic valve closes slightly before the tricuspid valve.
b.	The pulmonic valve closes slightly before the aortic valve.
c.	The tricuspid valve closes slightly later than the mitral valve.
d.	Both the tricuspid and pulmonic valves close at the same time.

 

 

ANS:  C

Events occur just slightly later in the right side of the heart because of the route of myocardial depolarization. As a result, two distinct components to each of the heart sounds exist, and sometimes they can be heard separately. In the first heart sound, the mitral component (M1) closes just before the tricuspid component (T1).

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)             REF:   p. 463

MSC:  Client Needs: General