Chapter 11; Hemodynamic Monitoring

Chapter 11; Hemodynamic Monitoring

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole is known as which of the following?

a.	Preload
b.	Afterload
c.	Dicrotic notch
d.	Ejection fraction

 

 

ANS:   A

The definition of preload is the filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole.

 

DIF:    1                      REF:    pg. 200

 

2. Which measurement is typically used to indicate right ventricular preload?

a.	Right atrial pressure (RAP)
b.	Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)
c.	Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP)
d.	Ejection fraction

 

 

ANS:   C

Preload is the filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole and is estimated by measuring the end-diastolic pressures. In the case of right ventricular preload the measurement would be right ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

 

DIF:    1                      REF:    pg. 200

 

3. Which of the following can be used to estimate the contractility of the ventricles?

a.	Ejection fraction
b.	Systemic vascular resistance
c.	Pulmonary vascular resistance
d.	Right and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

 

 

ANS:   A

The ejection fraction is a way of estimating the force that the ventricle generates during each cardiac cycle. It is calculated as the ratio of the stroke volume to the ventricular end-diastolic volume. Systemic vascular resistance is used to describe the afterload that the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood into the systemic circulation. The pulmonary vascular resistance reflects the afterload that the right ventricle must overcome to eject blood into the pulmonary circulation. The right ventricular end-diastolic pressure is used as an indicator of the right ventricular preload and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is used to indicate left ventricular preload.

 

DIF:    1                      REF:    pg. 200

 

4. Calculate the ejection fraction of a female patient with a stroke volume of 40 mL and an end-diastolic volume of 125 mL.

a.	0.32
b.	3.1
c.	85
d.	165

 

 

ANS:   A

Ejection fraction is calculated using the ratio of stroke volume to the ventricular end-diastolic volume. In this case the ejection fraction is 40 mL/125 mL = 0.32.

 

DIF:    2                      REF:    pg. 200

 

5. Left ventricular afterload is indicated by which of the following?

a.	Ejection fraction
b.	Systemic vascular resistance
c.	Pulmonary vascular resistance
d.	Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

 

 

ANS:   B

The systemic vascular resistance is the resistance the left ventricle must contract against to eject blood into the systemic circulation. Ejection fraction is a measurement of contractility. Pulmonary vascular resistance is the resistance the fight ventricle must contract against to eject blood into the pulmonary circulation. Left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) is used to estimate left ventricular preload.

 

DIF:    1                      REF:    pg. 200