Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 11- Activity Tolerance and Fatigue
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | A 40-year-old patient had an annual physical exam with routine lab tests. The patient’s lab values include the following:
The client was counseled to begin an exercise and diet regime for his health. After implementing healthy lifestyle changes 6 months ago, follow-up lab tests were drawn. Which of the following lab values indicate that the changes have been effective? |
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| A) | Triglycerides elevated to 210 mg/dL | |||||||||||||||
| B) | LDL level decreased to 120 mg/dL | |||||||||||||||
| C) | Hgb decreased to 12.3 g/dL | |||||||||||||||
| D) | HDL increased to 35 mg/dL | |||||||||||||||
| Ans: | B | |||||||||||||||
| Feedback: | ||||||||||||||||
| Physical activity and exercise can help maintain weight control and CV fitness. Physical activity and exercise can lower LDL and increase HDL in persons with hyperlipidemia and have better regulation of blood glucose. | ||||||||||||||||
| 2. | The primary care provider knows which of the following statements below will also benefit an adult client with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus performing isometric exercise to help control his blood glucose levels? | |
| A) | A reduction in the amount of adipose tissue | |
| B) | An increase in his basal metabolic level | |
| C) | Increased efficiency in the use of oxygen by his muscles | |
| D) | Improved range of motion in his joints | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Increased basal metabolic level is associated with isometric exercise; thus, better blood glucose control should improve. Loss of fat and increased oxygen use efficiency are associated with aerobic exercise. Range of motion of the joints results from stretching exercises. | ||
| 3. | The nurse knows a client who is a long-distance runner is able to respond effectively to the increased oxygen demands while running is due to which of the following statements listed below? | |
| A) | Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation associated with muscle metabolism mediate hypothalamic control of cardiovascular activity. | |
| B) | End products of muscle metabolism cause vagal stimulation of the medullary cardiovascular centers. | |
| C) | The insular and anterior cingulated cortex interacts with the hypothalamic centers, resulting in stimulation of the medullary cardiovascular centers. | |
| D) | Vasodilation results from increased oxygen demand of renal and gastrointestinal blood vessels. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The cardiovascular response to exercise is accomplished through the insular and anterior cingulated cortex interacting with the hypothalamic centers. This causes stimulation of the medullary cardiovascular centers and, ultimately, increased cardiac output. Answers A, B, and D do not represent physiological processes associated with exercise and increased oxygen demand. | ||
| 4. | The nurse knows the differences between slow-twitch fibers and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Slow-twitch fibers can be described by which of the following statements listed below? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Perform lower-intensity work for prolonged periods. | |
| B) | Run long distances such as a marathon. | |
| C) | Have more efficient high-intensity workouts at the gym. | |
| D) | Utilize anaerobic metabolism as a source of energy. | |
| E) | Participate in a long-distance bike marathon. | |
| Ans: | A, B, E | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Slow-twitch fibers, which are smaller than fast-twitch fibers, tend to produce less overall force but are more energy efficient and better suited biochemically to perform lower-intensity work for prolonged periods. Examples of exercises that use slow-twitch fibers are long-distance running, swimming, and cycling, where endurance is desired. Fast-twitch fibers are suited for high-intensity workouts and utilize anaerobic metabolism. | ||
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