Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 12- Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | Staphylococcus aureus commonly found in the skin, nares, and other body sites of patients without any signs and symptoms of infection is known as which of the following conditions listed below? | |
| A) | An opportunistic infection | |
| B) | A parasitic infestation | |
| C) | Bacterial colonization | |
| D) | A saprophytic infection | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The ongoing presence of bacteria in the body that do not cause infection is called colonization. Opportunistic infection by ordinarily nonpathogenic organisms can occur in immunosuppressed hosts. Parasitism is a condition in which the organism exists at the expense of, and without benefiting, the host. Saprophytes do not cause infection. | ||
| 2. | Which of the following statements is an accurate descriptor of the role of viruses in human infections? | |
| A) | Viruses have no genetic material of their own. | |
| B) | Some viruses are capable of transforming normal host cells into malignant cells. | |
| C) | Viruses are often implicated in cases of transmissible neurodegenerative diseases. | |
| D) | Viruses require stimulation after a latent period before they are able to produce symptoms. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Viruses that are categorized as oncogenic are able to induce malignancy in host cells. Viruses have limited genetic material (either RNA or DNA), but no virus lacks genetic material. Transmissible neurodegenerative disease is associated with prions. Not all viruses include a latent period. | ||
| 3. | Which of the following types of pneumonia listed below is best characterized by an infective agent that produces sputum samples with a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet? | |
| A) | Chlamydial | |
| B) | Viral | |
| C) | Mycoplasmal | |
| D) | Bacterial | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Although chlamydiae, viruses, and mycoplasmas all can cause pneumonia, only bacteria have all of these characteristics. Chlamydiae and viruses are obligate intracellular organisms and therefore would grow only in cell culture, and mycoplasmas lack the peptidoglycan cell wall typical of bacteria. | ||
| 4. | The nurse will most likely assess which of the following clinical manifestations in a client who was diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? | |
| A) | Change in behavior and memory and loss of coordination leading to encephalopathy | |
| B) | Gastrointestinal problems like vomiting and diarrhea | |
| C) | Muscle inflammation and edema, making movements very painful | |
| D) | Projectile vomiting, hypertension, and drowsiness caused by elevated ICP | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is collectively called transmissible neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a slowly progressive, noninflammatory neuronal degeneration and leads to a loss of coordination, dementia, and death. With this disease, encephalopathy is the primary presenting factor. GI problems, muscle inflammation, and ICP are not clinical manifestations associated with this prion. | ||
| 5. | The spirochete leptospires is primarily transmitted to farmers by | |
| A) | an airborne mechanism. | |
| B) | exposure to spores in the environment. | |
| C) | direct contact with infected animals. | |
| D) | a mosquito bite. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The pathogenic leptospires infect a wide variety of wild and domestic animals. Infected animals shed the organisms into the environment through the urinary tract. Transmission to humans occurs by contact with infected animals or urine-contaminated surroundings. This spirochete is not transmitted by air, spores, or a fomite. | ||
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