Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 17- Organization and Control of Neural Function
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | The nurse knows which of the following phenomena listed below is an accurate statement about axonal transport? | |
| A) | Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport allow for the communication of nerve impulses between the neuron and the central nervous system (CNS). | |
| B) | Materials can be transported to the nerve terminal by either a fast or slow component. | |
| C) | The unidirectional nature of the axonal transport system protects the CNS against potential pathogens. | |
| D) | Axonal transport facilitates the movement of electrical impulses but precludes the transport of molecular materials. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The bidirectional axonal transport system allows for the transport of molecular materials (as opposed to electrical impulses); anterograde transport has both slow and fast components. | ||
| 2. | An adult male has a new diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The nurse knows which of the following pathophysiological processes underlie the deficits that accompany the degeneration of myelin in his peripheral nervous system (PNS)? | |
| A) | The destruction of myelin causes fewer Schwann cells to be produced in the client’s PNS. | |
| B) | The axonal transport system is compromised by the lack of myelin surrounding nerve cells. | |
| C) | Unless remyelination occurs, the axon will eventually die. | |
| D) | A deficit of myelin predisposes the client to infection by potential pathogens. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| In some pathologic conditions, the myelin may degenerate or be destroyed. This leaves a section of the axonal process without myelin while leaving the nearby oligodendroglial or Schwann cells intact. Unless remyelination takes place, the axon eventually dies. A lack of myelin is associated with reduced insulation and impulse conduction. Schwann cells produce myelin, not vice versa, and the myelin is responsible for neither the axonal transport system nor protection against pathogens. | ||
| 3. | While assessing a critically ill patient in the emergency department, the nurse notes on the cardiac monitor an R-on-T premature ventricular beat that develops into ventricular tachycardia (VT). Immediately, the patient became unresponsive. The nurse knows that based on pathophysiologic principles, the most likely cause of the unresponsiveness is | |
| A) | metabolic acidosis that occurs spontaneously following any dysrhythmias. | |
| B) | interruption of the blood/oxygen supply to the brain. | |
| C) | massive cerebrovascular accident (CVA) resulting from increased perfusion. | |
| D) | a blood clot coming from the heart and occluding the carotid arteries. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The brain receives 15% to 20% of the total resting cardiac output and consumes 20% of its oxygen. The brain cannot store oxygen or engage in anaerobic metabolism. An interruption of blood or oxygen supply to the brain rapidly leads to clinically observable signs and symptoms. Unconsciousness occurs almost simultaneously with cardiac arrest. Metabolic acidosis will occur later in the cardiac arrest but not immediately and is not responsible for the patient’s unresponsiveness. CVAs can be caused by thrombosis formation or plaque occlusions, but it is not the primary reason for unconsciousness in VT. | ||
| 4. | When educating a patient about to undergo a pacemaker insertion, the nurse explains the normal phases of cardiac muscle tissue. During the repolarization phase, the nurse will stress that membranes must be repolarized before they can be reexcited. Within the cell, the nurse understands that | |
| A) | potassium channels open while sodium channels close, causing repolarization to the resting state. | |
| B) | the influx of calcium is the primary stimulus for the repolarization of cardiac tissue. | |
| C) | only the electrical activity within the heart will determine when repolarization occurs. | |
| D) | the cell membranes need to stay calm resulting in muscle tissue becoming refractive. | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Repolarization is the phase during which the polarity of the resting membrane potential is reestablished. This occurs with the closure of the sodium channels and opening of the potassium channels. | ||
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