Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 25- Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | A 5th grade elementary student asks the school nurse how much blood is in an entire body. The nurse should respond that the average grown-up adult has | |
| A) | 2 to 4 cups of blood in his or her body. | |
| B) | 3 pints of blood in total. | |
| C) | 3 to 4 quarts of blood in his or her body. | |
| D) | 5 to 6 L of blood throughout his or her body. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The total volume of blood in the average adult is about 5 to 6 L, and it circulates throughout the body within the confines of the circulatory system. | ||
| 2. | A hospital laboratory technician is performing routine blood analysis as part of an inpatient’s assessment and is examining the sample in a test tube following processing in a centrifuge and the addition of an anticoagulant. Which of the following observations would the technician most likely interpret as an anomaly? | |
| A) | The bottom layer of blood in the tube accounts for around one third of the total volume. | |
| B) | The middle layer of cells appears white to gray in color. | |
| C) | The top layer of cells is too thin to visualize without microscopy. | |
| D) | The yellowish fluid on the top of the sample appears to constitute around one half of the total volume. | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The body layer of cells in a centrifuged blood sample consists of erythrocytes and should constitute around 42% to 47% of the total blood volume. The middle cell layer of leukocytes should appear whitish gray, and the thrombocytes above that layer are frequently not discernable. The plasma layer should account for around 55% of the total blood volume. | ||
| 3. | During science class, a student asks, “What’s the difference between plasma and serum in the blood?” The nurse responds that the primary difference between plasma and serum is that plasma contains | |
| A) | fibrinogen. | |
| B) | heparin. | |
| C) | white blood cells. | |
| D) | hydrogen ions. | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The major difference between plasma and serum is the presence of fibrinogen in the plasma from an anticoagulated centrifuged whole-blood specimen. When blood is removed from the body for testing, it clots within 30 to 60 minutes. The clot contains the blood’s cellular components enmeshed in an insoluble fibrin network (formed by the polymerization of soluble plasma protein fibrinogen). The remaining fluid portion is the yellow liquid serum. This serum no longer contains fibrinogen because the fibrinogen originally present in uncoagulated blood was used up in the formation of the blood clot. Heparin, WBC, and hydrogen ions are incorrect. | ||
| 4. | A student makes the statement to a colleague, “Blood plasma is essentially just a carrier for the formed elements like red blood cells and white blood cells.” What would be the most accurate response to this statement? | |
| A) | “That’s not really true. Plasma is crucial in the immune and inflammatory responses.” | |
| B) | “Actually, plasma plays a significant role in nutrient and waste transport.” | |
| C) | “Not really. Plasma also contributes to the processes of protein synthesis and hematopoiesis.” | |
| D) | “Actually, plasma is integral to the proper function of the liver and maintenance of acid–base balance.” | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Plasma proteins are integral to transport. They are not noted to contribute to the inflammatory response, hematopoiesis, protein synthesis, or liver function. | ||
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