Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 35- Structure and Function of the Respiratory System
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | As a result of dehydration, a client’s epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts of mucus. Consequently, the client’s mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the following changes would the care provider anticipate as a direct result of this change? | |
| A) | Impaired function of the client’s cilia | |
| B) | Decreased levels of oxygen saturation | |
| C) | Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs | |
| D) | Increased carbon dioxide levels | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The primary role of the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent their entry into the lungs. Impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate mucociliary blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate consequence. | ||
| 2. | A 21-year-old male client has suffered a head injury during a crash on his motorcycle, and a deficit that assessments have revealed is an impaired swallowing mechanism. He has also developed aspiration pneumonia. Which of the following statements most accurately captures an aspect of his condition? | |
| A) | His vocal folds are likely not performing their normal function. | |
| B) | His epiglottis is covering his larynx. | |
| C) | His vocal folds have been compromised. | |
| D) | His tracheobronchial tree is intermittently obstructed. | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The vocal folds contribute to blocking of the airways during swallowing; compromise to this function is likely to allow food to enter the lungs. The epiglottis is performing its normal, protective role against aspiration when it covers the larynx, and the vocal folds contribute to sound enunciation, not swallowing or protection against aspiration. Tracheobronchial obstruction would not contribute to aspiration. | ||
| 3. | A male, lifetime smoker has died because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following phenomena regarding his alveoli would his care team expect in the weeks prior to his death? | |
| A) | Proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells in the alveolar lumen | |
| B) | Large numbers of alveolar macrophages in septal connective tissue | |
| C) | The presence of tubercles in the interalveolar spaces | |
| D) | Compensatory regeneration of type I alveolar cells | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Smokers often retain large numbers of carbon-filled macrophages in their septal connective tissue. NK cell proliferation is not a noted phenomenon in the alveoli, and tubercles are associated specifically with tuberculosis infection. Type I alveoli are incapable of regeneration. | ||
| 4. | Reviewing pathology for an exam on pulmonary vasculature, the nursing student states that blood enters the right side of the heart via the vena cavae, then to the right atrium, right ventricle, and then which vessel carries the deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary system? | |
| A) | Pulmonary capillaries | |
| B) | Pulmonary artery | |
| C) | Pulmonary vein | |
| D) | Ductus arteriosus | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Deoxygenated blood leaves the right heart through the pulmonary artery. Return of oxygenated blood to the heart occurs by way of the pulmonary vein, which empties into the left atrium. | ||
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