Priorities in Critical Care Nursing 7th Edition Urden - Stacy - Lough
Priorities in Critical Care Nursing 7th Edition Urden - Stacy - Lough
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Chapter 04: Psychosocial and Spiritual Alterations and Management
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
MULTIPLE CHOICE
| a. | Determines coping mechanisms to deal with the stress |
| b. | Determines the perceived degree of threat imposed |
| c. | Determines what the response will be to the stress |
| d. | Denies the stress exists |
ANS: B
An alarm reaction is initiated by the hypothalamus, which, upon receiving sensory and chemical information regarding the presence of a stressor, signals the release of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF). During the resistance stage, the person’s systems fight back, leading to adaptation and a return of normal functioning. If the stressors continue, exhaustion occurs, a stage in which reserves have been depleted. Reversal of stress exhaustion can be accomplished by restoration of one’s reserves through the use of medications, nutrition, and other stress reduction measures.
| a. | Disturbed self-esteem |
| b. | Regression |
| c. | Hopelessness |
| d. | PTSD |
ANS: D
As with stress overload, PTSD is not a disordered response to stress resulting from a failure of a person’s will, strength, endurance, or courage. The stress response is automatic and essential for survival. If threats to survival are multiple and relentless, without adequate time for recovery time, it is difficult for brain and body chemistry to quickly adjust. PTSD should be thought of as a “normal” response to abnormal and impossible demands. Post-traumatic stress responses, however, manifest as multiple distressing symptoms.
| a. | Refusal to participate in care |
| b. | Feelings that his or her body has betrayed him or her |
| c. | Acceptance and ownership of problems |
| d. | Disruption in the perception of the body |
ANS: A
Ineffective coping is defined as the impairment of a person’s adaptive behaviors and problem-solving abilities when meeting life’s demands and necessary roles. Manifestations of ineffective coping in critical illness include verbalization of an inability to cope, anxiety, and being unable to meet basic needs. The patient exhibits inappropriate use of defense mechanisms and has diminished problem-solving abilities. The patient may display apathy or destructive behavior toward self and others.
| a. | believe that they can influence the outcome of their illness. |
| b. | should be forced to take control of their discharge planning. |
| c. | usually start out with an internal locus of control until a major illness occurs. |
| d. | believe that events are related to chance or fate. |
ANS: D
People with an external locus of control tend to believe that events are related to chance or fate. Individuals who have an internal locus of control perceive themselves to be responsible for the outcome of events. People vary in the amount of control they prefer.
| a. | Hope |
| b. | Hopelessness |
| c. | Powerlessness |
| d. | Loss of Control |
ANS: B
Hopelessness is a subjective state in which an individual sees extremely limited or no alternatives and is unable to mobilize energy on his or her own behalf.
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