Chapter 23: Sleep and Sleep Pharmacology

Chapter 23: Sleep and Sleep Pharmacology

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following are classified as sleep disorders?
2. Insomnia
3. Narcolepsy
4. Restless legs syndrome
5. Asthma
6. Parasomnias

 

a.	2 and 5 only
b.	1 and 2 only
c.	1, 2, and 3 only
d.	1, 2, 3, and 5 only

 

 

ANS:  D

Until the mid-1960s, the field of sleep medicine focused primarily on describing and treating insomnia, parasomnias (e.g., sleepwalking, night terrors), and hypersomnias such as narcolepsy. Patients experiencing these symptoms typically sought consultations from neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, or their family physician. Until more recently, treatments were generally based on empiric pharmaceutical intervention along with behavioral modification protocols or psychotherapy or both. In the future, respiratory therapists may find themselves in a position in which they are involved with the attending physician in determining appropriate pharmacotherapy for sleep-related disorders such as narcolepsy or periodic limb movement disorder.

 

REF:   p. 409

 

2. The onset and duration of sleep is orchestrated through
3. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
4. multiple brain structures.
5. neurotransmitter substrates.
6. mast cells.

 

a.	2 and 3 only
b.	1 and 3 only
c.	1 and 4 only
d.	1, 2, and 4 only

 

 

ANS:  A

The onset and duration of sleep is orchestrated through multiple brain structures and neurotransmitter substrates, and pathology within those structures or neurotransmitter systems becomes manifest as a sleep disorder.

 

REF:   p. 409

 

3. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is localized to the

a.	anterior hypothalamus.
b.	posterior hypothalamus.
c.	laterodorsal pontine tegmentum.
d.	pedunculopontine tegmentum.

 

 

ANS:  A

The SCN, which is localized to the anterior hypothalamus, acts as the “biologic clock” to coordinate the circadian rhythm. The SCN receives photic information via the glutamatergic retinohypothalamic tract and the geniculohypothalamic tract, which contains NPY and nonphotic information via serotoninergic neurons originating in the dorsal raphe nucleus. SCN neurons, which project to the dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamic areas and the ventrolateral preoptic area, actively promote and maintain wakefulness during the day and sleep at night.

 

REF:   p. 417

 

4. What are the two phases of REM sleep?

a.	Tonic and periodic
b.	Phasic and cyclic
c.	Tonic and phasic
d.	Tonic and cyclic

 

 

ANS:  C

The term for REM sleep is derived from the periodic bursts of rapid eye movements during sleep. REM sleep has both tonic (persistent) and phasic (episodic) components.

 

REF:   p. 411