Chapter 02: Cellular Responses to Stress and Toxic Insults: Adaptation, Injury, and Death

Chapter 02: Cellular Responses to Stress and Toxic Insults: Adaptation, Injury, and Death

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A 60-year-old man who had generalized atherosclerosis died 24 hours after having a stroke. A cerebral infarct was found at autopsy. Necrosis of the brain is classified as
2. coagulative necrosis
3. liquefactive necrosis
4. fat necrosis
5. fibrinoid necrosis
6. caseous necrosis

ANS: B, Brain infarcts are characterized by liquefactive necrosis.

2. A 30-year-old woman who had leukemia was treated with bone marrow transplantation. She developed a skin rash that was interpreted as a sign of a graft-versus- host reaction. A skin biopsy was performed. In the epidermis, there were scattered dead epidermal cells that had rounded contours and pyknotic nuclei. This form of cell death is caused by
3. activation of caspases through receptor transmitted signals on the cell surface
4. inhibition of ATPase
5. inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation
6. activation of lysosomal enzymes
7. depletion of glycogen

ANS: A, Graft-versus-host–induced cell death in the epidermis is a form of apoptosis. It is mediated by caspases and other enzymes of the suicide pathway of “programmed cell death.”

3. Uptake of bacteria into the cytoplasm of neutrophilic leukocytes is called
4. autophagocytosis
5. heterophagocytosis
6. exocytosis
7. pinocytosis
8. involution

ANS: B, Uptake of bacteria and other exogenous particulate material into the phagosomes is called phagocytosis.

4. A 90-year-old man died in a nursing home. During the past 10 years, he was unable to care for himself and was mentally incoherent. He had no memory and could not hold a conversation. He was unaware of his surroundings. At autopsy, the brain showed signs of Alzheimer disease, and there were neurons containing numerous neurofibrillary tangles. These cytoplasmic structures are formed from which component of the neurons?
5. Nucleus
6. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
7. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
8. Mitochondria
9. Cytoskeleton

ANS: E, Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of microtubule-associated proteins and neurofilaments, which form the cytoskeleton of nerve cells.