Chapter 07: Pain Assessment and Management in Children

Chapter 07: Pain Assessment and Management in Children

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following is the most consistent and commonly used data for assessment of pain in infants?

a.	Self-report
b.	Behavioral
c.	Physiologic
d.	Parental report

 

 

ANS:  B

Behavioral assessment is useful for measuring pain in young children and preverbal children who do not have the language skills to communicate they are in pain. Infants are not able to self-report. Physiologic measures are not able to distinguish between physical responses to pain and to other forms of stress. Parental report without a structured tool may not accurately reflect the degree of discomfort.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 222

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

2. Children as young as age 3 years can use facial scales for discrimination. Suggested anchor words for the preschool age-group include:

a.	“No hurt.”
b.	“Red pain.”
c.	“Zero hurt.”
d.	“Least pain.”

 

 

ANS:  A

“No hurt” is a phrase that is simple, concrete, and appropriate to the preoperational stage of the child. Using color is complicated for this age-group. First the child needs to identify colors and pain levels and then choose an appropriate symbolic color. This is appropriate for an older child. Zero is an abstract construct not appropriate for this age-group. “Least pain” is less concrete than “no hurt.”

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 185

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

3. Which of the following is an important consideration when using the FACES pain rating scale with children?

a.	Children color the face with the color they choose to best describe their pain.
b.	Scale can be used with most children as young as 3 years.
c.	Scale is not appropriate for use with adolescents.
d.	FACES scale is useful in pain assessment but not as accurate as physiologic responses.

 

 

ANS:  B

The FACES scale is validated for use with children ages 3 years and older. Children point to the face that best describes their level of pain. The scale can be used through adulthood. The child’s estimate of the pain should be used. The physiologic measures may not reflect more long-term pain.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 182

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

4. Nonpharmacologic strategies for pain management:

a.	may reduce pain perception.
b.	usually take too long to implement.
c.	make pharmacologic strategies unnecessary.
d.	trick children into believing they do not have pain.

 

 

ANS:  A

Nonpharmacologic techniques provide coping strategies that may help reduce pain perception, make the pain more tolerable, decrease anxiety, and enhance the effectiveness of analgesics. The nonpharmacologic strategy should be matched with the child’s pain severity and taught to the child before the onset of the painful experience. Tricking children into believing they do not have pain may mitigate the child’s experience with mild pain, but the child will still know the discomfort was present.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 194             TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort