Chapter 11: Conditions Caused by Defects in Physical Development

Chapter 11: Conditions Caused by Defects in Physical Development

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Every organ, system, and body part goes through a stage during which it is especially susceptible to injurious influences. What is this period called?

a.	Fetal
b.	Sensitive
c.	Embryonic
d.	Differentiation

 

 

ANS:   B

During sensitive periods of development, the organism displays a marked susceptibility to injurious influences. Fetal development is the period of intrauterine growth beginning at 9 weeks. Embryonic development occurs during weeks 3 through 8. Differentiation is the process by which early cells are systematically modified and specialized to form all of the tissues necessary to ensure an organized, coordinated individual.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    p. 391

TOP:    Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

 

2. A mother has just given birth to an infant with a cleft lip. Sensing that something is wrong, she starts to cry and asks the nurse, “What is wrong with my baby?” The most appropriate nursing action is to:

a.	encourage mother to express her feelings.
b.	explain in simple language that the baby has a cleft lip.
c.	provide emotional support until practitioner can talk to mother.
d.	tell mother a pediatrician will talk to her as soon as the baby is examined.

 

 

ANS:   B

It is best to explain in simple terms the nature of the defect and to reinforce and help clarify information given by the practitioner before the infant is shown to the parents. Parents may not be ready to talk about their feelings during the first few days after birth. The nurse should provide information about the child’s condition while waiting for the practitioner to speak with the family after the examination. The mother needs simple explanations of what is wrong with her child during this period of waiting.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    p. 394

TOP:    Nursing Process: Planning                 MSC:   Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

 

3. A neonate requires surgery soon after birth for repair of a congenital defect. An important priority of the preoperative nursing care is:

a.	initiating discharge teaching.
b.	performing baseline physical and behavioral assessment.
c.	observing for allergic reactions to preoperative antibiotics.
d.	determining whether this defect exists in other family members.

 

 

ANS:   B

It is essential to assess the infant preoperatively to obtain a baseline. Postoperative changes can be identified and a determination can be made regarding pain or change in status. The parents are not ready for discharge teaching. Their focus is on the congenital defect and surgery. Although a remote possibility, allergic reactions rarely occur on the first dose. Determining whether this defect exists in other family members is an important part of the history, but not a priority preoperatively.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    p. 414

TOP:    Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

 

4. A critical nursing responsibility in the postoperative care of the neonate includes:

a.	determining rectal temperature.
b.	suctioning every hour and as needed.
c.	carefully monitoring infant’s weight.
d.	using only nonpharmacologic pain control measures.

 

 

ANS:   C

The infant’s weight is carefully monitored and compared with the preoperative weight for changes in fluid balance. Additional changes in fluid balance can be detected through weight changes. Rectal temperatures are avoided in neonates. Axillary or skin temperatures are monitored. Suctioning is not done on a routine basis. It is done when necessary. After surgery, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain control measures should be used.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    p. 430

TOP:    Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential