Chapter 30: The Child with Renal Dysfunction

Chapter 30: The Child with Renal Dysfunction

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Urinary tract anomalies are frequently associated with which of the following irregularities in fetal development?

a.	Myelomeningocele
b.	Cardiovascular anomalies
c.	Malformed or low-set ears
d.	Defects in lower extremities

 

 

ANS:  C

Although unexplained, there is a frequent association between malformed or low-set ears and urinary tract anomalies. During the newborn examination, the nurse should have a high suspicion about urinary tract structure and function if ear anomalies are present. Children who have a myelomeningocele may have impaired urinary tract function secondary to the neural defect. When other congenital defects are present, there is an increased likelihood of other issues with other body systems. Cardiac and extremity defects do not have the strong association with renal anomalies.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 1139

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

 

2. Which of the following urine tests would be considered abnormal?

a.	pH 4.0
b.	WBC: 1 or 2 cells/ml
c.	Protein level absent
d.	Specific gravity 1.020

 

 

ANS:  A

The expected pH ranges from 4.8 to 7.8. A pH of 4 can be indicative of urinary tract infection or metabolic alkalosis or acidosis. Less than 1 or 2 white blood cells per milliliter is the expected range. The absence of protein is expected. The presence of protein can be indicative of glomerular disease. A specific gravity of 1.020 is within the anticipated range of 1.001 to 1.030. Specific gravity reflects level of hydration in addition to renal disorders and hormonal control such as antidiuretic hormone.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 1141

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

 

3. Which of the following diagnostic tests allows visualization of renal parenchyma and renal pelvis without exposure to external beam radiation or radioactive isotopes?

a.	Renal ultrasound
b.	Computed tomography
c.	Intravenous pyelography
d.	Voiding cystourethrography

 

 

ANS:  A

The transmission of ultrasonic waves through the renal parenchyma allows visualization of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis without exposure to external beam radiation or radioactive isotopes. Computed tomography uses external radiation, and sometimes contrast media are used. Intravenous pyelography uses contrast medium and external radiation for x-ray films. Contrast medium is injected into the bladder through the urethral opening. External radiation for x-ray films is used before, during, and after voiding in voiding cystourethrography.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 1149

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

 

4. Inflammation of the bladder is called:

a.	cystitis.
b.	urethritis.
c.	urosepsis.
d.	bacteriuria.

 

 

ANS:  A

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra. Urosepsis is a febrile urinary tract infection with systemic signs of bacterial infection. Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the urine.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 1143

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential