Abnormal Psychology 7th Ed By Susan Nolen Hoeksema - Test Bank

Abnormal Psychology 7th Ed By Susan Nolen Hoeksema – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

Trauma, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

 

1. Which of the following is a key difference between adaptive fear responses and maladaptive anxiety responses?
2. Maladaptive responses subside once the threat ends, whereas adaptive fear persists after the threat passes.
3. B. Maladaptive responses are out of proportion to the threat, whereas adaptive responses are appropriate to the situation.
4. Adaptive responses lead people take extreme steps to protect themselves, whereas maladaptive responses lead individuals to take risks.
5. Adaptive responses can lead to anticipatory anxiety, whereas maladaptive responses can lead to generalized anxiety disorder.

Page: 107

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Distinguish between a normal fear response and an anxiety disorder.

Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

2. _____ refer to a set of physical and psychological responses that help us fight threats or flee from them.
3. Patellar reflexes
4. B. Fight-or-flight responses
5. Tendon reflexes
6. Parasympathetic responses

Page: 108

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Distinguish between a normal fear response and an anxiety disorder.

Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

3. Which of the following bodily changes occurs when the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
4. The liver reduces the amount of glucose it releases to the muscles.
5. Saliva and mucus dry up, decreasing the size of the air passages to the lungs.
6. C. The spleen releases more red blood cells to help carry oxygen.
7. The body’s metabolism decreases in order to conserve energy for physical action.

Page: 108

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Distinguish between a normal fear response and an anxiety disorder.

Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

4. The hypothalamus activates the adrenal-cortical system by releasing _____, which signals the pituitary gland to secrete _____, the body’s “major stress hormone.”
5. cortisol; adrenaline
6. corticotropin-release factor; adrenaline
7. cortisol; adrenocorticotropic hormone
8. D. corticotropin-release factor; adrenocorticotropic hormone

Page: 108

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Distinguish between a normal fear response and an anxiety disorder.

Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

5. Which of the following hormones is often used as a measure of stress?
6. A. Cortisol
7. Thyroxine
8. Serotonin
9. Renin

Page: 108

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Distinguish between a normal fear response and an anxiety disorder.

Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

6. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a consequence of:
7. structural brain damage.
8. increased parasympathetic activities.
9. C. experiencing extreme stressors.
10. low levels of norepinephrine.

Page: 110

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

7. Which of the following statements is true of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
8. Common events, such as traffic accidents, are rarely associated with PTSD.
9. About 25 percent of adults will develop PTSD at some time in their lives.
10. Even the mildest symptoms of PTSD prevent normal functioning.
11. D. Women are at a greater risk of developing PTSD than men.

Page: 112

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

8. Janie’s house was broken into, and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since then, she has been dreaming about the attack and often wakes up screaming and crying. According to Janie, she feels as though she is reliving the attack in each dream. Janie is most likely:
9. experiencing emotional numbness and detachment.
10. exhibiting hypervigilance.
11. C. reexperiencing the trauma.
12. showing signs of paranoia and delusions.

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

9. Janie’s house was broken into, and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since the attack, she has withdrawn from family and friends. Janie is most likely:
10. A. experiencing emotional numbness and detachment.
11. exhibiting hypervigilance and chronic arousal.
12. reexperiencing the trauma.
13. showing signs of paranoia and delusions.

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

10. Janie’s house was broken into, and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since the attack, she has been overly cautious and watchful. The smallest noise startles her. If someone looks at her “strangely,” she becomes very anxious. Janie is most likely:
11. experiencing emotional numbness and detachment.
12. B. exhibiting hypervigilance and chronic arousal.
13. reexperiencing the trauma.
14. demonstrating deluded thinking.

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

11. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers are most likely to report _____ about having lived through a traumatic event.
12. communication disorder
13. B. survivor guilt
14. hysteria
15. acceptance

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

12. Which of the following disorders consists of emotional and behavioral symptoms such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or conduct disturbance behaviors that occur within three months of the experience of a stressor?
13. Agoraphobia
14. Generalized anxiety disorder
15. Social anxiety disorder
16. D. Adjustment disorder

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: Trauma

 

13. Three years ago, Mark’s mother passed away unexpectedly. Since her death, he has been unable to function at school, has lost interest in extracurricular activities, and gets agitated easily. Mark may be exhibiting the symptoms of _____.
14. A. persistent complex bereavement disorder
15. acute stress disorder
16. adjustment disorder
17. general anxiety disorder

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: Trauma

 

14. Which of the following is least likely to cause posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
15. Natural disasters
16. B. Child birth
17. Physical abuse
18. War-related trauma

Page: 113–115

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

15. Which of the following environmental, social, and psychological factors increases an individual’s vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
16. Having a strong support network of friends and family
17. B. Having experienced the traumatic event first-hand
18. Having adopted a non-avoidant coping strategy to deal with the traumatic event
19. Having experienced no anxiety and depression symptoms before the traumatic event

Page: 114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

16. _____ to be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and most of the other anxiety disorders including panic disorder, social anxiety disorders, and generalized anxiety disorder.
17. Men are much more likely than women
18. B. Women are more likely than men
19. Men and women are equally likely
20. Women are slightly less likely than men

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

17. Which of the following statements is true about cross-cultural and gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms?
18. Mexican women are less likely to feel helpless than Mexican men after a traumatic event.
19. Mexican men are less likely to get the material support they need after a traumatic event compared to Mexican women.
20. The tendency to dissociate in response to severe stress is extremely rare among Latinos.
21. D. African Americans have higher rates of PTSD compared to Whites, Hispanics, and Asian Americans.

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

18. People in Latino cultures report a syndrome known as _____, which might include trembling, heart palpitations, a sense of heat in the chest rising into the head, difficulty moving limbs, loss of consciousness, memory loss, paresthesia, chest tightness, dyspnea, dizziness, and faintness.
19. A. ataque de nervios
20. amok
21. mal de ojo
22. susto

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

19. A study of adults in rural Mexico found that among underprivileged Latino communities, particularly women, _____ expresses the anger and frustration of “being at the bottom” and provides temporary release from the everyday burdens of life.
20. “amok”;
21. B. “nervios”
22. “susto”
23. “mal de ojo”

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

20. Which of the following is true of brain activities found in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers?
21. The amygdala appears to be less responsive to emotional stimuli.
22. The medial prefrontal cortex tends to be unregulated.
23. C. The hippocampus may shrink due to overexposure to neurotransmitters and hormones.
24. The medial prefrontal cortex is more active in the case of severe symptoms of PTSD.

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

21. Which of the following statements is true of acute stress disorder?
22. It is diagnosed when symptoms arise within one month of exposure to a stressor and last no longer than six months.
23. The sufferer of acute stress disorder persistently avoids reminders of the trauma and is constantly aroused, but does not reexperience the trauma.
24. To receive the diagnosis, individuals must exhibit at least one dissociative symptom.
25. D. In acute stress disorder, dissociative symptoms are common, including detachment, derealization, and depersonalization.

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: Acute Stress Disorder

 

22. When they are not exposed to trauma reminders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers tend to have resting levels of cortisol that are:
23. somewhat higher than those of people without PTSD.
24. much higher than those of people without PTSD.
25. C. lower than those of people without PTSD.
26. similar to those of people without PTSD.

Page: 117

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

23. _____ may cause memories of the traumatic event to be planted more firmly in memory.
24. Lack of cortisol secretion
25. Damage to the amygdala
26. Sluggish reactions of the HPA axis
27. D. Overexposure of the brain to neurochemicals

Page: 117

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

24. Which of the following is a heritable risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
25. Overdeveloped medial prefrontal cortex
26. Fraternal twins among first-degree relatives
27. C. Abnormally low cortisol levels
28. Higher volume of the hippocampus

Page: 117

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

25. Patrick is a Vietnam War veteran who has been having a recurring nightmare of being on the frontline. Any sound that remotely resembles gunfire makes him anxious. Although he has been suffering for years with this problem, only recently did he decide to seek treatment. His psychologist asks Patrick to identify the thoughts and situations that evoke anxiety and rank them. His psychologist then begins to help him work through each situation by using relaxation techniques. This technique is called:
26. behavior modification.
27. B. systematic desensitization.
28. rational-emotive behavioral therapy.
29. flooding.

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

26. Almost _____ percent of people with a specific phobia never seek treatment.
27. 20
28. 40
29. 60
30. D. 90

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

27. Which of the following biological treatments has been successful in dealing with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms such as nightmares, irritability, and sleep problems?
28. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
29. B. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines
30. Benzodiazepines and tricyclics
31. Tricyclics and barbiturates

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

28. Which diagnosis is most likely when panic attacks that are not usually provoked by any particular situation become a common occurrence, leading one to begin to worry about having the attacks and change behaviors as a result?
29. Generalized anxiety disorder
30. B. Panic disorder
31. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
32. Separation anxiety disorder

Page: 127

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

29. Ruth is afraid of being in large open spaces. She is especially worried that she will not be able to leave the area if she begins to panic. Ruth is most likely experiencing _____.
30. social anxiety disorder
31. B. agoraphobia
32. acute distress disorder
33. claustrophobia

Page: 120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Agoraphobia

 

30. Tina and her parents live on a farm where field mice are very common. One night, a mouse crawled on Tina while she was sleeping. The experience frightened Tina so badly that she now avoids any situation where she might come across a mouse. She always checks her bed carefully each night. Tina is most likely exhibiting behaviors related to _____.
31. a social anxiety disorder
32. agoraphobia
33. C. an animal-type phobia
34. a natural environment type phobia

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

31. Bradley was 12 years old when lightning struck his home. Now, he becomes very anxious every time the sky darkens. If a storm begins, he exhibits panic symptoms and frantically searches for an area in the house where he feels safe. Bradley is most likely suffering from _____.
32. a situational type phobia
33. an animal-type phobia
34. social anxiety disorder
35. D. a natural environment type phobia

Page: 118–119

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

32. Susan is deathly afraid of the wind since she and her family survived Hurricane Ike. She gets very worried and panicky when the sky gets dark and the wind begins to blow. Susan is most likely experiencing:
33. a situational type phobia.
34. an animal type phobia.
35. a social anxiety disorder.
36. D. a natural environment type phobia.

Page: 118–119

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

33. When June was seven years old, she and her mother were stuck in an elevator. Several other people were in the elevator as well. The elevator became hot and stuffy, and breathing became difficult. June remembers experiencing shortness of breath, palpitations, and dizziness. Now, June refuses to ride elevators. When she is with other people, she makes excuses to use the stairs. June is probably suffering from _____.
34. A. a situational type phobia
35. an animal-type phobia
36. social anxiety disorder
37. a natural environment type phobia

Page: 119–120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

34. Janelle is terrified of needles and the sight of blood. When she was younger, she had to have several stitches because of a bicycle accident. The cut on her forehead was deep and bled profusely. At the sight of blood, Janelle feels her blood pressure and heart rate drop, and on one occasion, she even fainted. Janelle is most likely suffering from _____.
35. a situational type phobia
36. a social anxiety disorder
37. C. a blood-injection-injury type phobia
38. a natural environment type phobia

Page: 120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

35. Which of the following phobias is more likely to run in families?
36. Natural environment type phobias
37. B. Blood-injection-injury type phobias
38. Situational type phobias
39. Animal-type phobias

Page: 120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

36. The translation of the Greek term “agoraphobia” means:
37. fear of dark places.
38. B. fear of the marketplace.
39. fear of all places.
40. fear of closed places.

Page: 120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Agoraphobia

 

37. According to Freudian theory, phobias develop when:
38. the ego is unable to meet the needs of the id.
39. B. unconscious anxiety is displaced onto a neutral or symbolic object.
40. the preconscious state of mind becomes tied to the conscious state of mind.
41. sexual urges and drives are retarded or suppressed.

Page: 120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

38. Freud’s theory of phobias is detailed in a 150-page case history of a little boy named Hans. In his study, little Hans’s behavior was representative of which phobia?
39. A. Animal-type phobias
40. Natural environment type phobias
41. Social anxiety disorder
42. Situational type phobias

Page: 120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

39. Freud’s theory of phobias is detailed in a 150-page case history of a little boy named Hans. Freud explained Hans’s phobia with which of the following processes?
40. Electra complex
41. B. Oedipus complex
42. Anal fixation
43. Oral fixation

Page: 120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

40. Which of the following processes explain phobias in terms of negative reinforcement of avoidant behavior?
41. Observational learning
42. B. Operant conditioning
43. Social-cognitive learning
44. Social learning

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

41. In Watson’s experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was ______.
42. a white rat
43. the experimenter
44. C. a loud noise
45. a startle and fear response

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

42. In Watson’s experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was _____.
43. A. a white rat
44. the experimenter
45. a loud noise
46. a startle and fear response

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

43. June has been avoiding riding elevators since she was seven years old. When she is with other people, she makes excuses to use the stairs and feels relief upon avoiding elevator rides. June’s fear of elevators is being maintained by _____ reinforcement.
44. positive
45. B. negative
46. partial
47. neutral

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

44. Theorists who argue that phobias can develop through observational learning posit that:
45. phobic behaviors are responses to aversive stimuli.
46. fear responses are generated when the behaviors are positively reinforced.
47. C. people learn phobic behaviors by modeling the behaviors of others.
48. classical conditioning must be coupled with observational learning.

Page: 121–122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

45. Trudy’s mother is afraid of bees. Her mother always screams and runs away every time she sees them. Trudy, seeing her mother’s response, also runs and screams every time she sees a bee. In this case, Trudy’s behavior can be explained by which theory?
46. Social-cognitive learning
47. Classical conditioning
48. C. Observational learning
49. Operant conditioning

Page: 121–122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

46. The idea that people learn to fear or avoid selected objects or situations that are vestiges of evolutionary history, and individuals are biologically prepared to quickly associate fear responses with certain objects is called _____ conditioning.
47. traditional classical
48. social classical
49. biological classical
50. D. prepared classical

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

47. According to the prepared classical conditioning theory, Rachel is more likely to be afraid of which of the following?
48. School
49. B. Snakes
50. Parties
51. Flying

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

48. The most significant problem with the behavioral theory of phobias is that:
49. most phobias do not have an evolutionary basis and are not part of our collective unconscious.
50. phobias should disappear once the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
51. C. many people with phobias cannot identify traumatic events that triggered them.
52. observational learning helps in the maintenance of phobias more than operant conditioning.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

49. Anna is terrified of speaking in public. She always finds an excuse to avoid public speaking or gets someone to speak for her. Once, Anna had a full-blown panic attack when her boss called on her unexpectedly to speak at a meeting. Anna is most likely exhibiting symptoms of:
50. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
51. generalized anxiety disorder
52. C. social anxiety disorder.
53. agoraphobia.

Page: 123

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder

 

50. Which of the following would be most useful in treating blood-injection-injury phobias?
51. Systematic sensitization
52. Modeling
53. C. Applied tension technique
54. Flooding

Page: 123

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

51. Drake has a fear of dogs. As part of his therapy, Drake must first observe his therapist petting a dog and then, when instructed, must do the same. Which behavioral treatment is most likely being used in this situation?
52. Systematic desensitization
53. B. Modeling
54. Flooding
55. Applied tension technique

Page: 123

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

52. What differentiates flooding from systematic desensitization?
53. The effectiveness of the treatment
54. The use of relaxation techniques
55. C. The intensity of exposure to the feared stimuli
56. The therapist’s level of participation

Page: 123

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

53. Julie has been diagnosed with ornithophobia—the fear of birds. For her treatment, her therapist makes her sit in a room filled with caged birds for several hours. Which behavioral treatment is being used in this situation?
54. Systematic desensitization
55. Modeling
56. C. Flooding
57. Applied tension technique

Page: 123

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APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

54. Which of the following statements is true about social anxiety disorder?
55. Social anxiety disorder is relatively rare, with a lifetime prevalence of about three percent in the United States.
56. Social anxiety disorder tends to develop in early adulthood.
57. Lesser than 30 percent of adults with social anxiety disorder report humiliating experiences that contributed to their symptoms.
58. D. Social anxiety disorder often co-occurs with mood disorders and other anxiety disorders.

Page: 125

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder

 

55. In Japan, the term _____ describes an intense fear of interpersonal relations and is characterized by shame about and persistent fear of causing others offense, embarrassment, or even harm through one’s personal inadequacies.
56. qigong
57. shenkui
58. C. taijinkyofu-sho
59. shenjing shuairuo

Page: 125

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APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder

 

56. Which of the following statements is true about taijinkyofusho?
57. It is most frequently encountered among young women.
58. It reflects concerns about embarrassing oneself, rather than offending others.
59. C. It is in line with the Japanese emphasis on deference to others.
60. It is the fear of meeting people from different cultures.

Page: 125

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder

 

57. Which of the following is true of cognitive theorists’ perspective on social anxiety disorder?
58. They view social anxiety disorder as merely a behavioral problem with no cognitive factors contributing to the behavior.
59. They suggest that social anxiety disorders are rooted in early childhood experiences.
60. C. They argue that people with social anxiety disorders tend to focus on the negative aspects of social situations.
61. They posit that people with social anxiety disorders externalize their anxiety of the social situation and make others uncomfortable.

Page: 126

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder

 

58. According to the cognitive theories of phobias, people with social anxiety disorder:
59. are blind to potentially threatening social cues.
60. have very low standards for their social performance.
61. C. evaluate their own behavior harshly.
62. are not in touch with their internal feelings.

Page: 126

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder

 

59. In _____, individuals can practice their feared behaviors in front of others while also building social skills.
60. psychodynamic therapy in a group setting
61. B. cognitive-behavioral therapy in a group setting
62. behavioral therapy in a group setting
63. mindfulness-based therapy in a group setting

Page: 126

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder

 

60. Which of the following statements about panic disorder is true?
61. People with panic disorder do not fear long-term life-threatening illnesses.
62. B. Many people with panic disorder feel ashamed of it and try to hide it from others.
63. About 28 percent of people will develop panic disorder at some time, usually between late adolescence and the mid-thirties.
64. People with panic disorder may become demoralized and depressed but rarely do they become suicidal.

Page: 127

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

61. Family history studies reveal that the heritability of panic disorder is _____ percent.
62. 10 to 20
63. 22 to 34
64. 30 to 40
65. D. 43 to 48

Page: 128

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

62. People with panic disorder show dysregulation of norepinephrine systems in an area of the brainstem called the:
63. basal tencephalon.
64. B. locus ceruleus.
65. nucleus prepositus hypoglossi.
66. reticular formation.

Page: 129

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

63. Fluctuations in _____ levels might cause imbalances or dysfunction of the serotonin or GABA systems in females, leading to panic attacks.
64. A. progesterone
65. testosterone
66. estriol
67. epinephrine

Page: 129

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

64. Gerald has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). He has been taking his medicine regularly, but has begun to experience side effects such as constipation and drowsiness. Which drug is he most likely taking for his symptoms?
65. Tricyclic antidepressants
66. Benzodiazepines
67. Phenothiazines
68. D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Page: 144

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

65. Sally believes that the bodily symptoms she experiences during a panic attack have harmful consequences. This is known as _____.
66. existential anxiety
67. systematic insensitivity
68. simple anxiety
69. D. anxiety sensitivity

Page: 130

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

66. Which of the following theories have been integrated into a model that suggests genetic vulnerabilities and psychological factors come together to create panic disorder and agoraphobia?
67. A. Biological and cognitive
68. Cognitive and social
69. Social and biological
70. Psychological and social

Page: 130

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

67. Virginia is very aware of her bodily cues that signal a panic attack. This heightened awareness is known as _____.
68. conditioned avoidance response
69. introjective awareness
70. C. interoceptive awareness
71. anxiety sensitivity

Page: 129

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APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

68. The process where bodily cues that occur at the beginning of panic attacks become conditioned stimuli signaling new attacks is known as:
69. classical conditioning.
70. B. interoceptive conditioning.
71. operant conditioning.
72. observational learning.

Page: 129

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

69. Which of the following is true about the integrated model of panic disorder?
70. It states that structural damage to the brain is the reason for panic disorder.
71. B. It states that panic disorders seem to develop as a result of a biological vulnerability to a hypersensitive fightor-flight response.
72. It suggests that people will not develop a panic disorder if they engage in catastrophizing thinking about their physiological symptoms.
73. It suggests that those suffering from panic disorder have no cognitive vulnerabilities.

Page: 130

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

70. Jacob has been diagnosed with panic disorder without agoraphobia. He was taking his medication regularly until recently. Since discontinuing his medication, he is experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms and a rebound of anxiety symptoms. Which medication was Jacob most likely taking?
71. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
72. Tricyclic antidepressants
73. C. Benzodiazepines
74. Phenothiazines

Page: 146

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

71. Which of the following suppress the central nervous system and influence functioning in the GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin neurotransmitter systems?
72. Tricyclic antidepressants
73. B. Benzodiazepines
74. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
75. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Page: 130

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

72. According to cognitive theorists, people who experience panic attacks engage in all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:
73. paying close attention to their bodily sensations.
74. B. reasoning that the stressor is temporary and will dissolve soon.
75. misinterpreting bodily sensations in a negative way.
76. engaging in snowballing catastrophic thinking.

Page: 129

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

73. Terrence has been seeing a therapist for his recurrent panic attacks. His therapist teaches him relaxation techniques to help him gain control over his anxiety symptoms. Terrence is also taught to identify the thoughts that are intrusive and aggravate his symptoms. He is encouraged to note these thoughts in a daily journal. Terrence’s therapist is most likely using _____ to treat his panic disorder.
74. A. cognitive-behavioral therapies
75. humanistic therapies
76. behavioral therapies
77. cognitive therapies

Page: 131

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APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

74. Which of the following treatments is most effective in preventing relapse in clients with panic disorders?
75. Cognitive therapies
76. Biological therapies
77. Behavioral therapies
78. D. Cognitive-behavioral therapies

Page: 132

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

75. Children with a genetic predisposition toward anxiety or who are behaviorally inhibited may not develop a specific phobia, unless:
76. they experience some traumatic event.
77. their behavior is positively reinforced by the environment.
78. C. the parenting they receive worsens their anxiety.
79. the performance of the behavior reduces their anxiety.

Page: 137

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Separation Anxiety Disorder

 

76. People diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD):
77. know their anxiety is provoked by uncontrollable circumstances.
78. B. are often excessively worried about almost all situations.
79. only worry about the safety and security of their family members.
80. see their anxiety and worry as part of their personality.

Page: 132

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

77. Judith worries daily about whether her husband made it safely to work, how her children are getting on in school, what she should cook for dinner, and if the family will be satisfied with the meal she prepares. Judith is sluggish most of the time and has trouble concentrating on positive things. Judith is most likely suffering from:
78. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
79. social anxiety disorder.
80. C. generalized anxiety disorder.
81. trauma-and stressor-related disorder.

Page: 132–133

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

78. Which of the following applies to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
79. A. People with GAD often feel tired due to chronic muscle tension and sleep loss.
80. GAD most commonly begins in late adolescence or early adulthood.
81. GAD has a lifetime prevalence of about 40 percent in women and men.
82. Other anxiety disorders generally do not co-occur with GAD.

Page: 133

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

79. Cognitive theorists maintain that people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) focus on threats at both the _____ levels.
80. A. unconscious and conscious
81. conscious and preconscious
82. preconscious and subconscious
83. subconscious and unconscious

Page: 133–134

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

80. According to cognitive theory, which of the following statements is true about people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
81. They do not anticipate negative events.
82. B. They believe that worrying can help them avoid bad events.
83. They do not fear losing control.
84. They often succeed in problem solving by thinking through the issues.

Page: 134

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

81. People diagnosed with general anxiety disorder (GAD) are thought to have deficient levels of:
82. serotonin.
83. B. GABA receptors.
84. norepinephrine.
85. dopamine receptors.

Page: 134

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

82. The _____ drugs such as Xanax, Librium, Valium, and Serax provide short-term relief from anxiety symptoms but have side effects and addictiveness that preclude long-term use.
83. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
84. tricyclic antidepressant
85. serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
86. D. benzodiazepine

Page: 135

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

83. _____ are thoughts, images, ideas, or impulses that are persistent, that uncontrollably intrude upon consciousness, and that cause significant anxiety or distress.
84. A. Obsessions
85. Motives
86. Compulsions
87. Drives

Page: 139

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

84. _____ are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform.
85. Drives
86. Obsessions
87. C. Compulsions
88. Motives

Page: 139

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Compulsions

 

85. Lee is a high school teacher. He has difficulty grading his students’ papers because he constantly checks and rechecks the students’ answers. He fears that he has made a mistake in the calculations. Lee’s checking routines are not limited to his students’ work. He also checks the locks on his classroom door several times before leaving school, and performs these kinds of rituals at home as well. These procedures are time consuming and cause him considerable distress in his ability to function at work and in his social relationships. Lee is most likely exhibiting:
86. acute stress disorder.
87. posttraumatic stress disorder.
88. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
89. generalized anxiety disorder.

Page: 139

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Difficult

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

86. Which of the following is an example of an obsession?
87. Repeatedly checking the locks on all doors
88. B. Constantly thinking about cleanliness and contamination
89. Washing hands several times a day
90. Spending hours sorting and resorting possessions

Page: 139

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

87. Which of the following is an example of a compulsion?
88. A. Repeatedly checking the locks on all doors
89. Constantly worrying about cleanliness and contamination
90. Spending hours thinking about the orderliness of the house
91. Fearing incessantly about the welfare of loved ones

Page: 139–140

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Compulsions

 

88. Which of the following is a true statement about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
89. People with OCD do not know that their thoughts and behaviors are irrational.
90. B. Obsessive thoughts are distressing to people with OCD.
91. Children with OCD often confide in their parents about their obsessive-compulsive habits.
92. The prevalence of OCD seems to differ greatly across countries that have been studied.

Page: 139

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

89. The statement, “often, the link between the obsession and the compulsion is the result of ‘magical thinking'” means that the person with OCD believes that repeating a behavior a certain number of times will:
90. give them extraordinary abilities.
91. increase their levels of anxiety.
92. benefit the society at large.
93. D. ward off danger to themselves or others.

Page: 140

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

90. Biological theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder have focused on a circuit in the brain involved in:
91. activating moral behaviors.
92. processing conscious thoughts.
93. C. regulating primitive urges.
94. filtering incoming stimuli.

Page: 143

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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

91. According to biological theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), impulses are carried to a part of the basal ganglia called the _____, which allows the strongest of the impulses to flow through to the thalamus.
92. hippocampus
93. pons
94. C. caudate nucleus
95. locus ceruleus

Page: 143

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

92. According to cognitive-behavioral theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), all of the following are true about people diagnosed with OCD EXCEPT:
93. they may be depressed or generally anxious much of the time, so even minor negative events are more likely to invoke intrusive, negative thoughts.
94. they judge their negative, intrusive thoughts as more unacceptable than most people would and become more anxious and guilty about having them.
95. they appear to believe that they should be able to control all thoughts, and have trouble accepting that everyone has horrific notions from time to time.
96. D. they all have poor insight about the accuracy of their beliefs; they do not equate having the thoughts with actually engaging in the behaviors.

Page: 144

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

93. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often get some relief from their symptoms when they take drugs that better regulate the neurotransmitter _____.
94. GABA
95. epinephrine
96. norepinephrine
97. D. serotonin

Page: 144

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

94. According to cognitive-behavioral theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), compulsions develop largely through _____.
95. interoceptive conditioning
96. observational learning
97. classical conditioning
98. D. operant conditioning

Page: 144

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

95. Which of the following statements is true of the biological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
96. Benzodiazepines are useful in most cases.
97. Patients generally do not relapse once they discontinue medication.
98. C. Antidepressant drugs affecting serotonin levels help reduce symptoms of OCD.
99. Controlled studies suggest that placebos are more effective than antidepressant medication.

Page: 144

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

96. _____ involves repeatedly exposing the client to the focus of an obsession and preventing compulsive responses to the resulting anxiety.
97. Flooding
98. Psychodynamic therapy
99. Rational-emotive behavior therapy
100. D. Exposure and response prevention therapy

Page: 145

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

97. By the end of an exposure and response prevention therapy, repeated exposure to the content of the obsession:
98. stabilizes the client’s anxiety about the obsession.
99. B. extinguishes the client’s anxiety about the obsession.
100. reinforces the client’s anxiety about the obsession.
101. builds up the client’s anxiety about the obsession.

Page: 144

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

98. In exposure and response prevention therapy, by preventing a person from engaging in compulsive behavior:
99. the client’s “magical thinking” is reinforced.
100. the client’s compulsive behavior is strengthened.
101. the client’s anxiety about the compulsive behavior builds up.
102. D. the client learns that not engaging in the compulsive behavior does not lead to a terrible result.

Page: 144

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

99. Which of the following is a good example of the use of exposure and response prevention therapy?
100. A person afraid of germs is allowed to clean his or her hands as often as desired.
101. A person afraid of flying is taught to first imagine buying an airline ticket.
102. A person afraid of having a disorganized room is taught to reappraise her or his current room in a more positive way.
103. D. A person afraid of contamination is asked to hold a dirty handkerchief for more than an hour.

Page: 145

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

100. Which of the following disorders is most common among adults over age 65?
101. Panic disorder
102. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
103. C. Posttraumatic stress disorder
104. Generalized anxiety disorder

Page: 146

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

101. Differentiate between adaptive fear responses and maladaptive anxiety responses.

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ Adaptive fear responses—person behaves appropriately to confront or avoid threat, responses subside when the threat ends

▪ Maladaptive anxiety responses—unrealistic fears, person’s response is out of proportion to the threat, people behave in ways that are dangerous or lead to impairment, anxiety persists after the threat passes, can lead to anticipatory anxiety

Page: 107

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Distinguish between a normal fear response and an anxiety disorder.

Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

102. What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Describe the three symptoms that are necessary for a diagnosis of PTSD. What are the types of experiences that can cause a person to develop PTSD? Briefly explain the environmental, social, and psychological factors that can increase a person’s vulnerability to PTSD.

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ PTSD—consequences of experiencing extreme stressors

▪ Symptoms—re-experiencing of the traumatic event, emotional numbing and detachment, hypervigilance and chronic arousal. There needs to be an intrusive symptom and some evidence of engaging in an avoidant strategy to reduce intensity of intrusion. There are also negative alterations in mood and cognition and alterations in arousal response. Symptoms last for greater than one month and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other functioning.

▪ Traumas leading to PTSD—natural disasters, human-made disasters (wars, terrorist attacks), physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Must make clear that someone needs to experience directly, witness in person, learn of a traumatic event to a loved one, or continually re-experience exposure to traumatic events (i.e., first responders).

▪ Vulnerability to PTSD—severity, duration, and proximity to traumatic event, social support, symptoms of anxiety and depression prior to event, coping strategies

Page: 110–115

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

103. Describe some of the biological factors that are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ PTSD sufferers—amygdala responds more actively to emotional stimuli, medial prefrontal cortex is less active, shrinkage in the hippocampus, resting levels of cortisol tend to be lower, HPA axis may be unable to shut down the response of the sympathetic nervous system, overexposure and overconsolidation, altered biological stress responses due to childhood trauma, role of genetics

Page: 116–117

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Topic: PTSD

 

104. What are the symptoms of a panic attack? What impact does panic disorder have on the people diagnosed with it? Describe the cognitive theory of panic disorder.

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ Panic attack symptoms—heart palpitations, trembling, a feeling of choking, dizziness, intense dread

At least one of the attacks has been followed by one month of more of either persistent worry about a future panic attack or a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks (e.g., avoiding exercise or going to new places).

▪ Impact of panic disorder on individual—fear that they have life-threatening illnesses, believe that they are about to die of a heart attack, seizure, or other physical crisis, “going crazy” or “losing control,” shame, feeling demoralized and depressed, chronic generalized anxiety, alcohol abuse, increased risk for suicide attempts

▪ Cognitive theorists—people prone to panic attacks tend to pay close attention to bodily sensations;

negatively misinterpret sensations; engage in snowballing catastrophic thinking; develop anxiety sensitivity, interoceptive awareness, and interoceptive conditioning; develop beliefs about the controllability of symptoms

Page: 127–130

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Topic: Panic Disorder

 

105. Briefly describe the four categories of phobias. Provide examples of each.

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ Animal-type phobias

▪ Natural environment type phobias

▪ Situational type phobias

▪ Blood-injection-injury type phobias

▪ Examples should clearly relate to the concept mentioned

Page: 118–120

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

106. How would a behavioral therapist interpret phobias? Describe the treatments a behavioral therapist might recommend to overcome phobias.

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ Classical conditioning and operant conditioning

▪ Studies by Watson and Raynor on Little Albert

▪ Negative reinforcement

▪ Observational learning

▪ Prepared classical conditioning

▪ Treatments such as systematic desensitization, modeling, applied tension technique, flooding

Page: 122–123

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.

Topic: Specific Phobias

 

107. What are the key features of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? Describe the cognitive theories of GAD.

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ Features—anxious all the time, focus of worries may shift frequently; physiological symptoms include muscle tension, sleep disturbances, and chronic restlessness; relatively common disorder; tends to be chronic; begins in childhood or adolescence

▪ Cognitive theories—people are focused on threat at both the conscious and unconscious levels, believe that worrying can help avoid bad events by motivating them to engage in problem solving, actively avoid visual images of what they worry about, respond to situations with automatic thoughts that stir up anxiety, hypervigilant and overreact, unconscious cognitions focus on detecting possible threats in the environment

Page: 132–134

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 

108. What are the key features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? Describe some of the symptoms of this disorder.

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ OCD—sufferers experience anxiety because of obsessional thoughts and when they cannot carry out compulsive behaviors. The person has obsessions (i.e., persistent thoughts or urges and engages in some type of attempt to ignore or suppress them) and/or compulsions (i.e., engaging in a repetitive act or behavior to prevent or reduce anxiety). These are time consuming and impair functioning across multiple life domains.

▪ Features—begins at a young age, onset for males is between 6 and 15, and for females between 20 and 29; chronic if left untreated; can be very distressing, time-consuming, and harmful; sufferer may experience depression, panic attacks, phobias, substance abuse

▪ Symptoms—common obsessive thoughts include those of dirt and contamination, aggressive impulses, sexual thoughts, impulses to do something against one’s moral code, repeated doubts, “checking” compulsions, “magical thinking,” stereotyped and rigid rituals

Page: 139–142

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

109. Describe the biological and cognitive-behavioral theories of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

 

Students’ answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:

▪ Biological theories—dysfunction in the brain circuit involved in motor behavior, cognition, and emotion; system’s inability to turn off the primitive urges; role of serotonin in circuit’s functioning; genetic effects

▪ Cognitive-behavioral theories—reduced ability to turn off negative, intrusive thoughts; increased anxiety and depression; tendency toward rigid, moralistic thinking; belief that one should be able to control all thoughts; belief that having the thoughts is the same as actually engaging in the behaviors

Page: 143–144

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

 

Category                                                                                                                                                                           # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                                                                           100

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.                                                              66

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.                                                                             14

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.                                                                                                                         20

APA Outcome: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.                                                                                2

APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.                                                                                               7

Bloom’s: Apply                                                                                                                                                                                           24

Bloom’s: Remember                                                                                                                                                                                    44

Bloom’s: Understand                                                                                                                                                                                  40

Difficulty: Difficult                                                                                                                                                                                     9

Difficulty: Easy                                                                                                                                                                                          44

Difficulty: Moderate                                                                                                                                                                                   56

Learning Objective: Contrast panic disorder with agoraphobia.                                                                                                                18

Learning Objective: Describe generalized anxiety disorder and its treatments.                                                                                         8

Learning Objective: Describe obsessivecompulsive disorder and related disorders and their treatments.                                                20

Learning Objective: Describe social anxiety disorder and its treatments.                                                                                                  8

Learning Objective: Describe theories and treatments of specific phobias.                                                                                              25

Learning Objective: Distinguish between a normal fear response and an anxiety disorder.                                                                     6

Learning Objective: Identify the trauma- and stress-related disorders.                                                                                                     24

Topic: Acute Stress Disorder                                                                                                                                                                     1

Topic: Agoraphobia                                                                                                                                                                                    2

Topic: Anxiety Disorders                                                                                                                                                                           7

Topic: Compulsions                                                                                                                                                                                    2

Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder                                                                                                                                                        8

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder                                                                                                                                                     18

Topic: Panic Disorder                                                                                                                                                                                 16

Topic: PTSD                                                                                                                                                                                               20

Topic: Separation Anxiety Disorder                                                                                                                                                           1

Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder                                                                                                                                                                  7

Topic: Specific Phobias                                                                                                                                                                              25

Topic: Trauma                                                                                                                                                                                             2