Biology The Dynamic Science 4th Edition Russell - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below Multiple Choice 1. Organisms must constantly bring in certain molecules and ions while keeping others out. This function is accomplished by ____. a. the nucleus b. …
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Biology The Dynamic Science 4th Edition Russell – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| Multiple Choice |
1. Organisms must constantly bring in certain molecules and ions while keeping others out. This function is accomplished by ____.
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2. The major structural components of a cell membrane are ____.
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3. In an aqueous environment, the phospholipids of a membrane ____.
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4. The selective permeability of a cell membrane is due to ____.
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5. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects which organ?
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6. Membrane sterols, such as cholesterol, function in animal cell membranes to ____.
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7. Which type of lipid is most important to the structure of biological membranes?
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8. Which molecules demonstrate dual solubility characteristics?
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9. Which proteins would be considered peripheral proteins?
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10. Which class of proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer?
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11. Which protein group links cells together by recognizing and binding receptors or chemical groups on other cells or the extracellular matrix?
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12. Which proteins form channels in the membrane that allow selected polar molecules and ions to pass through and across the membrane?
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13. Which proteins recognize and bind molecules from other cells that act as chemical signals?
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14. Which proteins in the plasma membrane identify a cell as part of the same individual or as foreign?
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15. As part of an experiment, researchers grew several different types of cells in the presence of radioactive iodine. After some time had passed, the cells were washed, and the levels of iodine inside the cell was determined. What is the most plausible explanation for why some cells had higher levels of radioactivity after treatment than others?
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16. When referring to membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins, the term “glyco-” indicates ____.
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17. Glycolipids and glycoproteins form a surface coat on the outside of the cell surface called a ____, which protects the cell against chemical and mechanical damage.
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18. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, the fluid part of the model refers to ____.
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19. Our current view of membrane structure is based on the fluid mosaic model, proposed by ____ in 1972.
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20. The “mosaic” part of the fluid mosaic model refers to the membrane ____.
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21. The polar end of a phospholipid contains a phosphate group bound to ____, while the nonpolar end contains ____.
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22. A scientist fused a mouse cell and a human cell, then treated the cell with specific antibodies covalently linked to colored fluorescent dyes (antibodies to mouse proteins were labeled green; antibodies to human proteins were labeled red). Forty minutes later, what will the researcher observe?
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23. Which adaptation to the plasma membrane allows mammals to hibernate in subzero temperatures without their plasma membranes freezing?
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24. The ____ component of the cell membrane functions as a selective barrier, while the ____ component has specific functions such as transport, recognizing other cells, and binding to other cells.
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25. In what way do the various membranes of a cell differ?
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26. Which organelle’s membrane contains the enzymes that convert light energy to chemical energy in eukaryotes?
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27. The selective permeability of a membrane refers to the ____.
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28. Which function of cellular membranes is critical to the ionic and molecular organization of cells?
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29. Movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy obtained from ATP is called ____.
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30. Carrier molecules are utilized for ____.
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31. When a drop of food coloring is placed in a container of clear water, the colored dye molecules ____.
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32. Which molecules most easily diffuse across a cell membrane?
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33. Transport of a molecule across a cell membrane by facilitated diffusion ____.
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34. Polar and charged molecules typically cross the cell membrane by way of ____.
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35. Facilitated diffusion is specific, which indicates that ____.
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36. What is the energy source for facilitated diffusion?
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37. What happens when the concentrations of a solute that can freely diffuse across a membrane are equal inside and outside the cell?
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38. A channel that opens in response to changes in ionic charge across a membrane is called a(n) ____ channel.
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39. Carrier proteins are often used by the cell to transport ____.
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40. Aquaporins are ____.
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41. Humans with mutations in the AQP1 (aquaporin-1) gene do not produce the AQP1 protein. The absence of AQP1 causes an inability to ____ in these individuals.
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42. Mutations in different types of aquaporin proteins lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, such as diabetes insipidus, epileptic seizures and cataracts. What best explains the differences in the conditions caused by these mutations?
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43. The movement of water across a membrane from an area of high to low water concentration is an example of ____.
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44. The movement of water across a membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration is called ____.
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45. The force that pushes plant cell membranes tightly against the cell wall and helps support softer tissues against the force of gravity is known as ____ pressure.
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46. The pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent water movement across a membrane is known as ____ pressure.
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47. A red blood cell placed in a beaker of solution immediately begins to swell and ultimately bursts. This occurs because the cytoplasm of the cell was ____ to the solution in the beaker, which was ____.
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48. When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents ____.
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49. Distilled water is ____ to body cells.
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50. A(n) ____ environment is ideal for plant cells, while a(n) ____ environment is best for animal cells.
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51. For osmosis to occur, ____.
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52. In plants, extreme wilting of leaves and stems can cause the cells to retract from the cell wall, a condition known as ____.
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53. An isotonic solution has a solute concentration ____ the solute concentration inside the cell.
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54. Two solutions of differing glucose concentration are placed in a container separated by a selectively permeable membrane that restricts large molecules like glucose, but allows the free diffusion of water. What will be the glucose concentration in the container after dynamic equilibrium has been reached?
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55. The net movement of molecules or ions from a low concentration to a higher concentration is called ____.
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56. Which process moves materials against a concentration gradient?
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57. The voltage across a membrane is called the ____.
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58. The Na+/K+ pump creates a ____ charge inside the cell and a ____ charge outside the cell.
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59. A(n) ____ gradient is created as ions diffuse across membranes.
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60. Which ion is actively transported to regulate pollen growth and fertilization?
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61. The Na+/K+ pump transports ____.
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62. A transport system in which the transport of an ion in one direction provides the energy for active transport in the opposite direction is known as ____.
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63. In secondary active transport, when both the driving ion and the transport ion are in high concentration outside of the cell, in which direction will the two ions move?
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64. In secondary active transport, when the driving ion concentration is high and the transport ion concentration is low outside of the cell, in which direction will the two ions move?
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65. Cells undergo exocytosis ____.
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66. Where do exocytic secretory vesicles originate?
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67. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are accomplished in the cell by the ____.
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68. Which molecules coat the inside of the cytosolic membrane to help form endocytic vesicles?
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69. In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, which cellular process is inhibited?
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70. In order to visualize LDL entry into the cell, researchers tagged the LDL with which heavy metal?
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| Matching |
Match each of the following mechanisms of cellular transport with its correct definition.
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71. exocytosis
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72. osmosis
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73. facilitated diffusion
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74. phagocytosis
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75. pinocytosis
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76. receptor-mediated endocytosis
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77. diffusion
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| Labeling
Identify each structure found in a typical plasma membrane as shown in the figure below.
©2014 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning
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78. Microfilament
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79. Carbohydrate groups
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80. Integral proteins
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81. Peripheral proteins
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82. Cholesterol
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| Labeling
These micrographs show the effects of various aqueous environments on red blood cells. Identify the correct environment depicted in each panel. ©2014 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning
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83. Isotonic
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84. Hypertonic
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85. Hypotonic
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| Subjective Short Answer |
86. People with type A blood have red blood cells that express one type of recognition protein, while those with type B blood express a different recognition protein. People with AB blood express both recognition proteins. Why can a person with AB blood receive blood from a person with type A, but a person with type A blood cannot received blood from a person with type AB?
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87. Explain how cells can adapt to colder temperatures by altering the number of double bonds in the lipids that comprise cell membranes.
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88. Water is a strongly polar molecule. How does it cross the plasma membrane?
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89. Explain why the transport of molecules across the cell membrane is considered to be both specific and directional.
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90. Describe the steps involved in the functioning of the Na+/K+ pump, including the order and cellular localization of the binding of the ions, as well how the transporter works.
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| Modified True / False |
| 91. Particular mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR) gene result in a CFTR
molecule that transports sodium ions poorly or not at all.
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92. Cholesterol is essential for keeping cell membranes from thickening.
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93. Unlike active transport, facilitated diffusion does not become saturated at high concentrations.
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94. In facilitated diffusion, the membrane components responsible for transport are proteins.
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95. An animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will swell and perhaps burst.
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96. A hypertonic environment would be ideal for a healthy plant.
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97. In primary active transport, the carrier protein that transports a substance also hydrolyzes ATP to power the transport directly.
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98. As a result of calcium pumps, calcium concentrations are typically higher outside cells than in the cytosol.
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99. Bulk endocytosis is also called pinocytosis.
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100. In receptor-mediated endocytosis, the receptors collect into a depression called a coated pit for endocytosis after the target molecules bind to them.
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
