Business and Administrative Communication A Locker 12e - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below Business and Administrative Communication, 12e (Locker) Chapter 5 Designing Documents 1) Visual communication and document design have little effect on how readers understand the information being presented. …
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Business and Administrative Communication A Locker 12e – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
Business and Administrative Communication, 12e (Locker)
Chapter 5 Designing Documents
1) Visual communication and document design have little effect on how readers understand the information being presented.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Poor document design is more than an annoyance or a missed chance for pleasing aesthetics; improper design can cause both organizations and society to suffer. Tragic events like the Challenger and Columbia space shuttle explosions, both linked to confusing infographics, show that poorly designed communications can cause readers to misunderstand the information being presented to them.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-01 Why document design is important.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) The same design conventions work well with all audiences.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Conventions may vary by audience, geographic area, industry, company, or even department, but they do exist. Some conventions work well with some audiences but not with others. Thus, careful audience analysis is necessary.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Role of Conventions in Business Communications
Learning Objective: 05-02 Design conventions.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
3) According to communications expert Charles Kostelnick, document creators should consider four levels of design: individual letters and words, blocks of text, graphics, and the document as a whole.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Visual communications expert Charles Kostelnick distinguishes four levels of design: intra, inter, extra, and supra. The intra-level includes design choices for individual letters and words. The inter-level includes design choices for blocks of text. The extra-level includes design choices for graphics that accompany text. The supra-level includes design choices for entire documents.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-03 The four levels of document design.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4) The style of a font shapes the reader’s response to a document as much as the size of the font.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: It is important to choose fonts carefully because they shape a reader’s response just as font size does. Popular fonts are Times Roman, Calibri, Palatino, Helvetica, and Arial. Each comes in various sizes and usually in bold and italic.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5) The design process should be planned and implemented only after one has completed writing a document.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Seamlessly functional, visually appealing documents require the consideration of design at every step of the writing process. Before you draft or even research your content, consider how the rhetorical situation may influence design strategy.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
6) Accessible design is preferable, but not required.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Accessible design is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Some examples of accessible accommodations include closed captioning of videos and screen-reader-friendly image tags.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-06 How to design inclusively.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication; Diversity
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7) A document that looks appealing always works well with an audience.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Just because a document has visual appeal does not mean it is functional. Usability testing is an important step in document design. To know whether a design is functional, it is good to test it with an audience.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Usability Testing of Documents
Learning Objective: 05-07 How to test your document for usability.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
8) The information on the back of a brochure should be as interesting and engaging as the information on the front.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: People are more likely to read brochures if the design engages their attention. You should even consider what would happen if the audience doesn’t encounter your document as planned: if the brochure is accidentally displayed upside-down, would the information on the back still encourage someone to pick it up?
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Designing Brochures
Learning Objective: 05-08 How to design brochures.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
9) Infographics have become less common in the digital age.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Infographics thrive in the digital age because they are so easy to share, forward, post, and tweet.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Designing Infographics
Learning Objective: 05-09 How to design infographics.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
10) The majority of website visitors will read or scan a page for 10 seconds or less.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The amount of time you have to attract and keep an audience’s attention on your website is minimal. Researchers tracked how long users took to read or scan web pages; 52% of the visits were shorter than 10 seconds. In fact, 25% were less than four seconds.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
11) The design of a document conveys a specific image of the
Answer: C
Explanation: The thoughtfulness, functionality, and tone of document design convey a specific image of the document’s creator, and without deliberate attention to design, this image may not be the one intended.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-01 Why document design is important.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
12) In regard to business communications, the design of a document should primarily reflect and reinforce a company’s
Answer: D
Explanation: When it comes to business communication, document design should affirm your desired image or your company’s “brand.”
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-01 Why document design is important.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
13) Which of the following statements about design conventions is true?
Answer: A
Explanation: Like all communication, visual communication adheres to certain conventions: the “design language” and expectations for how a certain type of document will look. Conventions may vary by audience, geographic area, industry, company, or even department. Conventions also change as technology evolves. In general, violating conventions is risky: it may signal that the author or designer is unreliable or unknowledgeable of how a particular form of communication is typically designed.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Role of Conventions in Business Communications
Learning Objective: 05-02 Design conventions.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
14) Which of the following is a common design convention associated with online shopping sites?
Answer: D
Explanation: When surfing a shopping website, users have the expectation of being able to add an item to their cart or basket, a design convention that streamlines the user’s website experience.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Role of Conventions in Business Communications
Learning Objective: 05-02 Design conventions.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
15) Cesario is an employee at a web design company. His current project is about designing an online shopping site for a client. For the content, Cesario chose the Verdana and Calibri fonts and boldfaced the details regarding terms and conditions and membership fees. In addition, he used the color blue to emphasize details on discounts offered and gift vouchers available. According to Charles Kostelnick’s four levels of design, which of the following levels of design apply to Cesario’s choices on this project?
Answer: B
Explanation: Charles Kostelnick’s intra-level refers to design choices for individual letters and words. Intra-level design choices include the font and its size one chooses; whether one uses bold, italics, or color changes to emphasize key words; and the way one uses capital letters.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-03 The four levels of document design.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
16) Esma is creating a brochure for an office tour. She plans to use headings like “Day 1” to differentiate the events planned on different days. She also uses bullets to list the plan for each day. According to Charles Kostelnick’s levels of design, Esma’s choices belong to the ________ of design.
Answer: A
Explanation: Charles Kostelnick’s inter-level of design refers to design choices for blocks of text. They include the ways one uses headings, white space, indents, lists, and even text boxes.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-03 The four levels of document design.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
17) Margaret, who runs a small lifestyle store in Michigan, recently designed a website to publicize her products and increase her customer base. While designing the site, she used snapshots of her products and photos of local celebrities who visited her store. In addition, she used a bar chart to show that her eco-friendly products are better than other regular items available in the market. According to Charles Kostelnick’s four levels of design, Margaret’s choices belong to the ________ of design.
Answer: C
Explanation: Charles Kostelnick’s extra-level of design refers to design choices for graphics that go with the text. Extra-level design choices include the way one uses pictures, photographs, data displays, charts, and graphs, and the ways in which one emphasizes information on those graphics.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-03 The four levels of document design.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
18) Jovina is currently preparing a report on “The Education System in Ghana.” She understands that she has a lot of content and decides to use a large page size of 841 × 1189 mm. She also places the page numbers on the bottom right corner where she feels they will be easily noticeable. Given these facts, we can conclude that Jovina is concentrating on Charles Kostelnick’s ________ of design.
Answer: C
Explanation: Charles Kostelnick’s supra-level of design refers to design choices for entire documents. Supra-level design choices include paper size, headers and footers, and the index and table of contents, as well as color schemes and layout grids that define the look of all sections of a document.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-03 The four levels of document design.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
19) Azucena recently finished writing an assignment for an end-of-year project. If she used a sans serif font for her headings, which of the following did she choose?
Answer: E
Explanation: Sans serif fonts lack serifs and are apt for titles and tables. Examples of sans serif fonts are Helvetica, Arial, Geneva, and Technical.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
20) Which of the following instructions regarding font choices should be followed while designing a document?
Answer: A
Explanation: Twelve-point type is usually ideal for letters, memos, emails, and reports. Smaller type is harder to read, especially for older readers.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
21) Kayla needs to write a report for a class assignment, and she has already finished planning and gathering all the necessary information for the report. Which of the following fonts should Kayla use if she wants all letters to take an equal amount of space?
Answer: D
Explanation: In fixed fonts every letter takes the same space; the letter “i” takes the same space as a “w.” Courier and Prestige Elite are fixed fonts, while Times Roman, Palatino, Helvetica, and Arial are proportional fonts.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
22) Lola is a sales manager at a bank. She recently received an email from a team member, Dario, requesting leave during Christmas. Though the mail was framed well, she felt as though Dario was shouting at her. Which of the following is most likely the reason for Lola’s reaction?
Answer: C
Explanation: Many people interpret text in full capitals as “shouting,” especially when the text appears in online documents. In such cases, full capitals might elicit a negative response from an audience. Thus, it is best to use full capitals sparingly, if at all.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
23) Which of the following guidelines should be followed to create white space?
Answer: A
Explanation: To create white space, one should use a mix of paragraph lengths, most of which should not be longer than seven typed lines. It is okay for a paragraph or two to be just one sentence. First and last paragraphs, in particular, should be short.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
24) Headings should
Answer: E
Explanation: Headings are words, short phrases, or short sentences that group points and divide a document into sections. They should enable a reader to see at a glance how the document is organized, to turn quickly to sections of special interest, and to compare and contrast points more easily. Headings also break up the page, making it look less formidable and more interesting.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
25) Full justification should be used when
Answer: B
Explanation: One should use full justification when one can use proportional fonts or wants a more formal look. One can also use it when one wants to use as few pages as possible.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
26) Rachel is writing a report on “Impacts of Deforestation in the Amazon.” Among the many impacts, she wants to emphasize global warming as the most critical one. She wants to place this information in the most important part of the page. In which section of her report should Rachel place this information?
Answer: D
Explanation: Readers of English are accustomed to reading pages of text from left to right, developing this habit over a lifetime. Effective document designers tap into this habit. The top left quadrant, where the eye starts, is the most important and the bottom right quadrant, where the eye ends, is next most important.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
27) Aniyah has designed a brochure and is not happy with the alignment of the graphics and the text. She feels that the headings, graphics, and the text are not unified. Which of the following is the best way to align them?
Answer: A
Explanation: Many document designers use a grid system to design pages. In its simplest form, a grid imposes two or three imaginary columns on the page. In more complex grids, these columns can be further subdivided. Then all the graphic elements—text indentations, headings, visuals, and so on—are lined up within the columns. The resulting symmetry creates a more pleasing page and unifies long documents.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
28) Which of the following is a guideline that should be followed when using colors and decorative devices?
Answer: C
Explanation: Used in moderation, highlighting, color, and other decorative devices add interest to documents. However, don’t overdo them. A page or screen that uses every possible decorating device just looks busy and hard to read. Since the connotations of colors vary among cultures, it is good to check with experts before using color with international or multicultural audiences.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
29) Which of the following are aspects of the rhetorical situation that should be analyzed prior to researching or drafting content?
Answer: D
Explanation: In all forms of business communication, you should begin by considering your purpose, medium, and audience.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
30) Tina works at a On a Roll Tires. Her manager asks her to design a promotional item to increase sales of the company’s new flagship line of all-weather tires. After some thought, Tina decides to create a brochure featuring several pictures of vehicles using the tires in a variety of extreme weather situations, since photographs are more likely to excite customers than complex charts and statistics. Which aspect of the rhetorical situation has Tina analyzed?
Answer: A
Explanation: In all forms of business communication, you should begin by considering your purpose, medium, and audience. When analyzing the purpose of a message, one should consider what design approach or tone will help the message achieve its purpose. A brochure designed to promote awareness of your company should have a different look than a brochure persuading people to purchase your company’s products. For example, a primarily informative brochure may use more charts or infographics, while a persuasive brochure may use images evoking emotional appeals.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
31) From a design perspective, when drafting text for a business communication, it is important to consider how the text is tethered to
Answer: B
Explanation: As you draft your text, keep in mind how textual content tethers to graphic content. Depending on your medium, you may need to change font size or style or revise for length in order to neatly align textual and graphic content.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
32) Angie is designing a brochure for an upcoming career fair that she hopes will help attract a more diverse set of job candidates to her company, which currently employs only 20% women and 10% people of color. When selecting visuals for the brochure, which of the following strategies should she use?
Answer: B
Explanation: There is a fine line between helping your audience imagine themselves as part of the scenario your communication describes and depicting a situation that is not true, which could detract attention away from addressing issues of inequality. A photo with 40% women and people of color would be an appropriate choice to represent the company’s hiring goals and help potential applicants envision themselves working there.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Designing Brochures
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Diversity; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
33) The design of a document should be used to control and optimize
Answer: A
Explanation: Use design to control and optimize your audience’s experience of the document. Use design guidelines to direct the audience’s attention, provide for their visual needs, and meet their expectations.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
34) Which of the following printing options will look best but also incur the highest cost?
Answer: E
Explanation: Four-color printing on glossy paper will often look best; however, it will also incur greater cost. To get the effect of color with the least expense, try black print on colored paper.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
35) Which of the following terms refers to the act of making a document inviting and usable for all users, without treating people who need special accommodations differently from other users?
Answer: D
Explanation: Inclusivity takes accessibility a step further, using accessibility principles to make your document inviting and usable for all users. Designing for inclusivity shows that the document designer cares about each and every user’s needs while treating each user as part of a whole rather than an individual who needs accommodations different from a target user.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-06 How to design inclusively.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication; Diversity; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
36) Which of the following is an example of inclusive design?
Answer: B
Explanation: Improving legibility via appropriate contrast or legible fonts benefits everyone, not just vision-impaired viewers, so it demonstrates inclusive design.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-06 How to design inclusively.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Diversity; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
37) How many people need to test a document to reveal 85% of its flaws?
Answer: B
Explanation: According to Jakob Nielsen, a usability expert, testing a draft with five users will reveal 85% of the problems with the document.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Usability Testing of Documents
Learning Objective: 05-07 How to test your document for usability.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
38) Who is most likely to be able to identify design flaws in a document?
Answer: C
Explanation: To quickly spot design flaws, test the document with the people who are most likely to have trouble with it, such very old or young users, people with limited education, and people who read English as a second language.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Usability Testing of Documents
Learning Objective: 05-07 How to test your document for usability.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
39) Kai has just finished writing a draft of the instructions that will be included with the new electronic device produced by his company. Which of the following processes is likely to reveal the most flaws in the document’s design?
Answer: B
Explanation: According to Jakob Nielsen, a usability expert, testing a draft with five users will reveal 85% of the problems with the document. To design inclusively, test your document with as diverse a group of users as possible. Three kinds of tests yield particularly useful information: observation, user narration/snapshots, and user annotation.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Usability Testing of Documents
Learning Objective: 05-07 How to test your document for usability.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
40) The best way to capture an audience’s attention with a brochure is to
Answer: E
Explanation: People are more likely to read brochures if the design engages their attention. Engaging design should speak directly to your audience’s needs.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Brochures
Learning Objective: 05-08 How to design brochures.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
41) Elaine is designing a brochure to encourage people to consider her town as a destination for their next vacation. Which of the following should have the most influence over where she places textual and visual elements?
Answer: A
Explanation: Before inserting textual and visual elements into your brochure, optimize layout to consider your audience’s viewing tendencies. How will they open the brochure, and which content should they encounter first? How can you guide the audience’s eyes using a Z-pattern, grids, or images? Does each panel make sense on its own? Place content to emphasize important points for each spread the reader encounters.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Brochures
Learning Objective: 05-08 How to design brochures.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
42) The primary purpose of infographics is to
Answer: D
Explanation: Informational graphics, or infographics, employ visual representations of information to educate an audience about a specific topic. Infographics often depict complex findings from both qualitative and quantitative research studies. Presenting data in pictures frames statistics as a story–an easily digestible format.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Infographics
Learning Objective: 05-09 How to design infographics.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
43) Edwin is writing a report on climate change for a conference on alternative energy technologies. To make clear the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and climate change, Edwin’s report includes an infographic showing the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as well as the growth in global temperature averages since 1950. Which of the following is the most effective title for this infographic?
Answer: E
Explanation: Infographics portray data in a way that tells a story. Simply presenting the data does not guarantee that your audience will interpret it in the intended way, however. Use well-chosen text, such as a title, to frame the story.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Infographics
Learning Objective: 05-09 How to design infographics.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
44) When choosing a visual representation for data in an infographic, it is most important to make sure the representation
Answer: B
Explanation: Selecting a clear, appealing, and fitting visual representation method is crucial to a memorable and successful infographic. Select visual representations that correspond with content. In an infographic about college tuition costs, for example, a penny could represent each thousand dollars of tuition cost, forming visual stacks of pennies that compare and contrast different tuition amounts.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Infographics
Learning Objective: 05-09 How to design infographics.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
45) Before combining the visual and textual elements of an infographic, one should first
Answer: B
Explanation: Before combining visuals and text into your infographic, test possible layouts with sketches or a design program. Consider the size of your ultimate medium, whether printed or electronic, to ensure that the final content is legible.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Infographics
Learning Objective: 05-09 How to design infographics.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
46) Where should the source of data presented in an infographic be cited?
Answer: E
Explanation: Cite the data source on the infographic itself, in an unobtrusive but unhidden location. The information infographics offer needs to be trustworthy and the way you present it should help earn the audience’s trust in you as the creator.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Infographics
Learning Objective: 05-09 How to design infographics.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
47) According to usability consultant Jakob Nielsen, the audience’s tendency to view webpages in an F-shaped pattern means that
Answer: D
Explanation: Jakob Nielsen’s research shows that people view websites in an F-shaped pattern. First, they quickly read across the top of the page. Then they move down the page some and read across again, but for a shorter distance. Finally, they scan down the left side. All this happens quickly. The F-shaped pattern means that your most important information must be at the top of the page.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
48) Which of the following is a way to ensure that a reader stays long enough on a home page?
Answer: D
Explanation: To keep visitors around long enough to find or buy what they want on a home page, one should make the first screen easy to use. It is good to make it clear what readers will get if they click on a link.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
49) Lucas designed a web page with large blocks of text, small graphics, minimum animation, and a light background. He had also included links that change color when visited and a page overview. When he presented the web page to his clients, they found a major problem in the web page. Which of the following is most likely the problem with Lucas’s web page?
Answer: A
Explanation: Some of the top web design mistakes listed by Jakob Nielsen are bad search engines, links that do not change color when visited, large text blocks, fixed font size, and content that does not answer users’ questions.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Reflective Thinking; Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
50) Alanza designed a web page. In order to make it usable by people with vision impairments, she placed navigational links, a search box, and a link to a text-only version of the site in the upper left-hand corner. She also arranged the navigational links alphabetically and provided alternative text for all images and animations. She used a light background color for the site and three different fonts. Finally, she used phrases like “Click here” for hyperlinks. When people with vision impairments used this website, there was a common problem experienced by them. Which of the following is most likely the cause of the problem faced by these users?
Answer: B
Explanation: Blind users need words, not images. Words can be voiced by a screen reader or translated into Braille text. To make a web page accessible for visually impaired users, one should put a link to a text-only version of the web page in the upper left-hand corner. Text that makes sense when read alone should be used in hypertext links. A person listening to the audio will not understand “Click here.” “Click to order a copy” or “Click for details” offers a better clue.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Analyze
AACSB: Diversity; Reflective Thinking; Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
51) When designing a website, it is a good design strategy to
Answer: E
Explanation: While designing web pages, one should provide visual variety. This can be done by using indentations, bulleted or numbered lists, and headings.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
52) A website that was created with mobile-first design will
Answer: D
Explanation: Mobile-first design prioritizes functionality and accessibility across many devices. Google encourages app developers to design mobile-friendly apps so that Google can index them for search results, asserting that “users should get the most relevant and timely [search] results, no matter if the information lives on mobile-friendly web pages or apps.”
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
53) Which of the following types of websites is best suited for adaptive design?
Answer: A
Explanation: Adaptive design rearranges the full website’s content into a mobile window, essentially reshaping the content for a different-sized “frame,” whereas responsive design renders content specifically for a mobile screen. A more complex website, such as a health insurance portal, may need adaptive design in order to convey all its content, whereas a website with simpler purpose, such as a pizza-ordering website, may better meet its customers’ needs with a responsive website specifically designed for mobile use.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
54) James is a student with visual impairment who regularly accesses his university website. Which of the following steps should the designer of this website undertake to make it useful for viewers with visual impairment like James?
Answer: B
Explanation: While designing web pages, one should use alternative text (an “ALT tag”) for visually impaired viewers.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Diversity; Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
55) Henri has finished designing a website for the airline where he works. He now needs to test its usability. According to usability consultant Jakob Nielsen, which of the following steps should Henri take?
Answer: B
Explanation: Nielsen recommends usability testing at various stages of the website design process by observing users navigating the site, because you may detect behaviors that users might not be aware of themselves, such as viewing websites in an F-pattern.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Usability Testing of Documents
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
56) With the help of an example, explain how poor document design can lead to unintended, and potentially disastrous, consequences.
Answer: Student examples will vary but should include some of the following main points: Poor document design is more than an annoyance or a missed chance for pleasing aesthetics; improper design can cause both organizations and society to suffer. In one tragic example, the Challenger space shuttle blew up because engineers did not effectively convey their concerns about the shuttle’s O-rings, which failed in the excessive cold. In 2000, the badly designed Florida ballot confused enough voters to cloud the outcome of the U.S. presidential election.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-01 Why document design is important.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
57) Explain the risks associated with violating design conventions.
Answer: In general, violating conventions is risky because it may signal that the author or designer is unreliable or unknowledgeable of how a particular form of communication is typically designed. Conventions may vary by audience, geographic area, industry, company, or even department. Some conventions work well with some audiences but not with others, so careful audience analysis is necessary.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Role of Conventions in Business Communications
Learning Objective: 05-02 Design conventions.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
58) List the eight guidelines that should be followed while designing documents.
Answer: The guidelines that one needs to follow for page design are as follows:
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Remember
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
59) Lesley works for Stop Now, a clothing boutique, and has been asked by her manager to write a report on “Growth of Stop Now in the last 5 Years.” What can Lesley do to create white space in her document and make it easier to read? Explain with examples.
Answer: Student answers will vary but should include the following main points: Lesley can use headings to separate and emphasize important points. For instance, she can state “Growth of 15 percent in the Year 2016,” “Growth of 8 percent in Year 2017,” and “Growth of 20 percent in the Year 2018.” She can also use numbered lists to indicate a chronology of events such as “Achieved a Clientele Base of 25,000 in April 2016” and “Clientele Base of 35,000 Reached in April 2017.” Information that does not require sequence, such as “Variety of Products Introduced at the Boutique,” can be displayed with the help of bullets. She should also use tabs or indents instead of spacing to align items vertically. In addition, she should use varying paragraph lengths and make the first and last paragraphs short to increase white space and improve the look of the message.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Apply
AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
60) Explain how full justification is different from ragged right margins and when each should be used.
Answer: Full justification places typed lines evenly on both the right and left margins. On the other hand, margins justified only on the left, which have lines ending in different places, are sometimes called ragged right margins. Full justification should be used when proportional fonts can be used. They can also be used to create a more formal look and when one wants to use as few pages as possible.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-04 Design guidelines for each level.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
61) Explain at which stage or stages of the writing process the design of the document should be considered.
Answer: Design is not something to “tack on” when one has finished writing. Indeed, the best documents, slides, and screens are created when one thinks about design at each stage of the writing process.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Learning Objective: 05-05 How to incorporate design into the writing process.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
62) Why is usability testing an important step in document design?
Answer: Usability testing, or assessing one’s documents with real audiences, is an important step in document design. A document that looks attractive may or may not work for an audience. To know whether a design is functional, one should test it with the audience. According to Jakob Nielsen, a usability consultant, testing a draft with five users will reveal 85% of the problems with the document. One should test documents with people who are most likely to have trouble with it such as very old or young readers, people with little education, or people who read English as a second language.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Usability Testing of Documents
Learning Objective: 05-07 How to test your document for usability.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
63) What are some key design principles to keep in mind while creating an infographic?
Answer: While creating an infographic, it is important to determine the story you want to tell with your data, select appropriate visual representations, and put it all together in a way that is legible, uses an appropriate tone, and presents information in a fair and ethical way. Use well-chosen text, such as a title, to frame the story. Select visual representations that correspond with content, such as using a penny to represent each thousand dollars of tuition cost in an infographic about college tuitions. Incorporate different shapes, lines, typeface sizes, and colors to direct the viewer’s eye across the infographic. You should also include a key, if needed, so your audience can interpret the information. Finally, avoid presenting distorted data to make a stronger point and attract attention. Cite the data source on the infographic itself, in an unobtrusive but unhidden location.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Brochures
Learning Objective: 05-08 How to design brochures.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
64) What are some ways to make a home page easy to use so that visitors stay long enough on the page?
Answer: Some ways to make a home page easy to use so that visitors stay long enough on a page are as follows:
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
65) What is the difference between adaptive design and responsive design, and when is it appropriate to use each?
Answer: The two main ways to design a website for mobile viewing are adaptive design and responsive design. Adaptive design rearranges the full website’s content into a mobile window, essentially reshaping the content for a different-sized “frame,” whereas responsive design renders content specifically for a mobile screen. A more complex website, such as a health insurance portal, may need adaptive design in order to convey all its content, whereas a website with simpler purpose, such as a pizza-ordering website, may better meet its customers’ needs with a responsive website specifically designed for mobile use.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Designing Web Pages
Learning Objective: 05-10 How to design websites.
Bloom’s: Understand
AACSB: Technology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
