Campbell Biology 2nd Canadian Edition Plus Mastering Biology 2nd Ed By Jane B. Reece - Test Bank

Campbell Biology 2nd Canadian Edition Plus Mastering Biology 2nd Ed By Jane B. Reece – Test Bank

 

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Campbell Biology, Cdn. Ed., 2e (Reece et al.)

Chapter 5   The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

 

1) Humans and mice differ because of which of the following?

1. A) Their cells have different small organic molecules.
2. B) Their cells make different types of large biological molecules.
3. C) Their cells make different types of lipids.
4. D) Their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids.
5. E) Their cells make different types of proteins.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.6

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

2) Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?

1. A) hydroxyl groups
2. B) carbonyl groups
3. C) carboxyl groups
4. D) either carbonyl or carboxyl groups
5. E) either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.1, 4.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

3) Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?

1. A) fatty acids
2. B) disaccharides
3. C) DNA
4. D) protein
5. E) amylose

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

4) Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?

1. A) lipids
2. B) carbohydrates
3. C) proteins
4. D) nucleic acids
5. E) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

5) Which of the following is not a polymer?

1. A) glucose
2. B) starch
3. C) cellulose
4. D) chitin
5. E) DNA

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

6) What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

1. A) phosphodiester linkages
2. B) hydrolysis
3. C) dehydration reactions
4. D) ionic bonding of monomers
5. E) the formation of disulphide bridges between monomers

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

7) How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

1. A) 12
2. B) 11
3. C) 10
4. D) 9
5. E) 8

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

8) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

1. A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
2. B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable.
3. C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
4. D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.
5. E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

9) Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

1. A) starch
2. B) glycogen
3. C) cellulose
4. D) chitin
5. E) amylopectin

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

10) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

1. A) C18H36O18
2. B) C18H32O16
3. C) C6H10O5
4. D) C18H10O15
5. E) C3H6O3

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

11) The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following molecules could amylase break down?

1. A) glycogen
2. B) cellulose
3. C) chitin
4. D) glycogen and chitin only
5. E) glycogen, cellulose, and chitin

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

12) On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fibre refer?

1. A) cellulose
2. B) polypeptides
3. C) starch
4. D) amylopectin
5. E) chitin

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

13) A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a

1. A) carbohydrate.
2. B) lipid.
3. C) monosaccharide
4. D) carbohydrate and lipid only.
5. E) carbohydrate and monosaccharide only.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

14) Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

1. A) as a pentose
2. B) as a hexose
3. C) as a monosaccharide
4. D) as a disaccharide
5. E) as a polysaccharide

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

15) All of the following are polysaccharides except

1. A) lactose.
2. B) glycogen.
3. C) chitin.
4. D) cellulose.
5. E) amylopectin.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

16) Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?

1. A) They are both polymers of glucose.
2. B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other.
3. C) They can both be digested by humans.
4. D) They are both used for energy storage in plants.
5. E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

17) Which of the following is true of cellulose?

1. A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose.
2. B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells.
3. C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut.
4. D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
5. E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

18) Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

1. A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose.
2. B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
3. C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
4. D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract.
5. E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

19) Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

1. A) They are more common in animals than in plants.
2. B) They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
3. C) They generally solidify at room temperature.
4. D) They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
5. E) They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

20) A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a

1. A) carbohydrate.
2. B) fatty acid.
3. C) protein.
4. D) nucleic acid.
5. E) hydrocarbon.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

21) Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

1. A) They are insoluble in water.
2. B) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate.
3. C) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates.
4. D) They are made by dehydration reactions.
5. E) They contain nitrogen.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

22) The label on a container of margarine lists “hydrogenated vegetable oil” as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil?

1. A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point.
2. B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature.
3. C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more “kinks” in the fatty acid chains.
4. D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids.
5. E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

23) Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?

1. A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil.
2. B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids.
3. C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
4. D) They are usually liquid at room temperature.
5. E) They are usually produced by plants.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

24) Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures?

1. A) creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids
2. B) adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
3. C) creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids
4. D) adding hydrogens or trans double bonds to the fatty acids
5. E) adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

25) Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?

1. A) They are essential components of cell membranes.
2. B) They are not soluble in water.
3. C) They are made of fatty acids.
4. D) They are hydrophilic compounds.
5. E) They contribute to atherosclerosis.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

26) All of the following contain amino acids except

1. A) hemoglobin.
2. B) cholesterol.
3. C) antibodies.
4. D) enzymes.
5. E) insulin.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.3, 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

27) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

1. A) the release of a water molecule.
2. B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule.
3. C) the addition of a nitrogen atom.
4. D) the addition of a water molecule.
5. E) the release of a nitrous oxide molecule.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

28) There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

1. A) different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon
2. B) different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups
3. C) different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon
4. D) different structural and optical isomers
5. E) different asymmetric carbons

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

29) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following?

1. A) removal of a water molecule
2. B) addition of a water molecule
3. C) formation of a glycosidic bond
4. D) formation of a hydrogen bond
5. E) both removal of a water molecule and formation of a hydrogen bond

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

30) Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they

1. A) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
2. B) are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
3. C) are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers.
4. D) are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions.
5. E) all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.1-5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

31) Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds?

1. A) triacylglycerides
2. B) polysaccharides
3. C) proteins
4. D) triacylglycerides and proteins only
5. E) triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.1-5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

32) Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

1. A) 101
2. B) 100
3. C) 99
4. D) 98
5. E) 97

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

33) What aspects of protein structure are stabilized or assisted by hydrogen bonds?

1. A) primary structure
2. B) secondary structure
3. C) tertiary structure
4. D) quaternary structure
5. E) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not primary structure

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

34) How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids?

1. A) 412
2. B) 1220
3. C) 240
4. D) 20
5. E) 2012

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

35) Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

1. A) peptide bonds
2. B) hydrogen bonds
3. C) disulphide bonds
4. D) phosphodiester bonds
5. E) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulphide bonds

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

36) What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

1. A) peptide bonds
2. B) hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond
3. C) disulphide bonds
4. D) hydrophobic interactions
5. E) hydrogen bonds between the R groups

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

37) Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?

1. A) hydrophobic interactions
2. B) disulphide bonds
3. C) ionic bonds
4. D) hydrogen bonds
5. E) peptide bonds

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

38) Which level of protein structure do the α helix and the β pleated sheet represent?

1. A) primary
2. B) secondary
3. C) tertiary
4. D) quaternary
5. E) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

39) The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an α helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by

1. A) covalent bonds.
2. B) peptide bonds.
3. C) ionic bonds.
4. D) polar bonds.
5. E) hydrogen bonds.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

40) The tertiary structure of a protein is the

1. A) bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds.
2. B) order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
3. C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
4. D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet.
5. E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

41) What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a polypeptide’s specific three-dimensional shape?

1. A) ionic bond
2. B) hydrophobic interaction
3. C) van der Waals interaction
4. D) disulphide bond
5. E) hydrogen bond

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

42) At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?

1. A) primary
2. B) secondary
3. C) tertiary
4. D) quaternary
5. E) all of the above

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

43) The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

1. A) Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
2. B) Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
3. C) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein.
4. D) Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
5. E) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

44) Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

1. A) Alzheimer’s only
2. B) Parkinson’s only
3. C) diabetes mellitus only
4. D) Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s only
5. E) Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and diabetes mellitus

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

45) Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

1. A) alter the primary structure of the protein, but not its tertiary structure or function.
2. B) cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold.
3. C) always alter the biological activity or function of the protein.
4. D) always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity.
5. E) always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and affect its biological activity.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

46) Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of β hemoglobin and two molecules of α hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibres. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits

1. A) altered primary structure.
2. B) altered secondary structure.
3. C) altered tertiary structure.
4. D) altered quaternary structure.
5. E) altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

47) What methods may be used to elucidate the structures of purified proteins?

1. A) X-ray crystallography
2. B) bioinformatics
3. C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments
4. D) NMR spectroscopy
5. E) both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

48) In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?

1. A) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water
2. B) on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water
3. C) in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
4. D) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
5. E) anywhere in the protein, with equal probability

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

49) Which of the following techniques uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a protein’s three-dimensional structure?

1. A) X-ray crystallography
2. B) bioinformatics
3. C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments
4. D) NMR spectroscopy
5. E) high-speed centrifugation

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

50) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be labelled?

1. A) phospholipids
2. B) nucleic acids
3. C) proteins
4. D) amylose
5. E) both proteins and nucleic acids

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

51) What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?

1. A) tertiary protein
2. B) chaperonin
3. C) enzyme protein
4. D) renaturing protein
5. E) denaturing protein

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

52) DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

1. A) The two strands of the double helix would separate.
2. B) The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
3. C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
4. D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
5. E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.1, 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

53) Which of the following statements about the 5′ end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?

1. A) The 5′ end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
2. B) The 5′ end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
3. C) The 5′ end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base.
4. D) The 5′ end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
5. E) The 5′ end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

54) One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

1. A) transmit genetic information to offspring.
2. B) function in the synthesis of proteins.
3. C) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity.
4. D) act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
5. E) form the genes of higher organisms.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

55) If 14C-labelled uridine triphosphate is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labelled?

1. A) phospholipids
2. B) DNA
3. C) RNA
4. D) both DNA and RNA
5. E) proteins

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

56) Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

1. A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
2. B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
3. C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
4. D) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil
5. E) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

57) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

1. A) guanine and adenine
2. B) cytosine and uracil
3. C) thymine and guanine
4. D) ribose and deoxyribose
5. E) adenine and thymine

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

58) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?

1. A) cytosine and guanine
2. B) guanine and adenine
3. C) adenine and thymine
4. D) thymine and uracil
5. E) uracil and cytosine

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

59) If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

1. A) 10
2. B) 20
3. C) 40
4. D) 80
5. E) impossible to tell from the information given

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

60) A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of

1. A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules.
2. B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules.
3. C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules.
4. D) 120 adenine and 120 cytosine molecules.
5. E) 120 guanine and 120 thymine molecules.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

61) The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

1. A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar.
2. B) can form a double-stranded molecule.
3. C) is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar.
4. D) is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration.
5. E) contains one less oxygen atom.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2, 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

62) Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?

1. A) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not.
2. B) The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not.
3. C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.
4. D) DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine.
5. E) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

63) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5’ATTGCA3′, the other complementary strand would have the sequence

1. A) 5’TAACGT3′.
2. B) 5’TGCAAT3′.
3. C) 5’UAACGU3′.
4. D) 3’UAACGU5′.
5. E) 5’UGCAAU3′.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

64) What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

1. A) sugar-phosphate backbone
2. B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases
3. C) disulphide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes
4. D) twisting of the molecule to form an α helix
5. E) three-component structure of the nucleotides

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

65) A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism

1. A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs.
2. B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans.
3. C) evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals.
4. D) is more closely related to humans than to rats.
5. E) is more closely related to frogs than to humans and also evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

66) Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?

1. A) the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water
2. B) the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water
3. C) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water
4. D) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water
5. E) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.1-5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

67) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 32P-labelled phosphate, which of these molecules will be labelled?

1. A) phospholipids
2. B) nucleic acids
3. C) proteins
4. D) amylose
5. E) both phospholipids and nucleic acids

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

68) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labelled?

1. A) fatty acids only
2. B) nucleic acids only
3. C) proteins only
4. D) amylase only
5. E) both proteins and nucleic acids

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

69) How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution?

1. A) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate.
2. B) Proteins will unfold (denature).
3. C) Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars.
4. D) Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids.
5. E) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate, and proteins will unfold (denature).

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2, 5.4, 5.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

70) Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing?

1. A) monosaccharide/polysaccharide
2. B) amino acid/protein
3. C) triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer
4. D) deoxyribonucleotide/DNA
5. E) ribonucleotide/RNA

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

71) Which of the four classes of biological molecules is not a polymer and thus isn’t formed by dehydration?

1. A) carbohydrates
2. B) lipids
3. C) proteins
4. D) nucleic acids
5. E) All can be considered polymers.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

72) The basis for diversity, both within a species and among species, is a result of the

1. A) arrangement of a few base molecules into many different macromolecular combinations.
2. B) shared structures of polymers and lipids.
3. C) infinite number of base molecules to build from.
4. D) ratio of lipid to protein.
5. E) fact that some individuals have mutations.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.1

Skill:  Application/Analysis

73) Which class of biological molecules are grouped together because they are hydrophobic?

1. A) carbohydrates
2. B) lipids
3. C) proteins
4. D) nucleic acids
5. E) This is not a criterion for grouping molecules.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

74) Which class of biological molecules are grouped together because their monomers are amino acids?

1. A) carbohydrates
2. B) lipids
3. C) proteins
4. D) nucleic acids
5. E) This is not a criterion for grouping molecules.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

75) Which class of biological molecules are grouped together because its monomers contain both a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar?

1. A) carbohydrates
2. B) lipids
3. C) proteins
4. D) nucleic acids
5. E) This is not a criterion for grouping molecules.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

76) The covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by way of dehydration is called a(n)

1. A) hydrogen bond.
2. B) sulphide bridge.
3. C) glycosidic link.
4. D) glucose bridge.
5. E) disaccharide link.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

77) The genome of humans and chimpanzees are ________ identical.

1. A) less than 50%
2. B) 70-75%
3. C) 85-90%
4. D) 95-98%
5. E) 100%

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.6

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

78) The use of computer software to analyze large genetic and protein data sets is known as

1. A) genomics.
2. B) proteomics.
3. C) bioinformatics.
4. D) sequencing.
5. E) molecular genealogy.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.6

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.

 

 

79) If two molecules of the general type shown in the above figure were linked together, carbon-1 of one molecule to carbon-4 of the other, the single molecule that would result would be

1. A) maltose.
2. B) fructose.
3. C) glucose.
4. D) galactose.
5. E) sucrose.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

80) Which of the following descriptors is true of the molecule shown in the above figure?

1. A) hexose
2. B) fructose
3. C) glucose
4. D) hexose and fructose only
5. E) hexose and glucose only

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

 

81) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the figure above?

1. A) It is a saturated fatty acid.
2. B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
3. C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
4. D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
5. E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.

 

 

82) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the above figure?

1. A) It is a saturated fatty acid.
2. B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
3. C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
4. D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
5. E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

83) The molecule shown in the figure above is a(n)

1. A) polysaccharide.
2. B) polypeptide.
3. C) saturated fatty acid.
4. D) triacylglycerol.
5. E) unsaturated fatty acid.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

84) What is the structure shown in the figure above?

1. A) pentose molecule
2. B) fatty acid molecule
3. C) steroid molecule
4. D) oligosaccharide molecule
5. E) phospholipid molecule

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

85) Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure above?

1. A) It is a hydrolysis reaction.
2. B) It results in a peptide bond.
3. C) It joins two fatty acids together.
4. D) It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond.
5. E) It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.

 

 

86) At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid?

1. A) A
2. B) B
3. C) C
4. D) D
5. E) E

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

87) Which bond is a peptide bond?

1. A) A
2. B) B
3. C) C
4. D) D
5. E) E

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

88) Which bond is closest to the amino terminus of the molecule?

1. A) A
2. B) B
3. C) C
4. D) D
5. E) E

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

89) The structure depicted in the above figure shows the

1. A) 1—4 linkage of the α glucose monomers of starch.
2. B) 1—4 linkage of the β glucose monomers of cellulose.
3. C) double-helical structure of a DNA molecule.
4. D) α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide.
5. E) β pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

 

90) Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes?

1. A) 1
2. B) 5
3. C) 6
4. D) 12
5. E) 14

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

91) Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide?

1. A) 1, 2, and 11
2. B) 3, 7, and 8
3. C) 5, 9, and 10
4. D) 11, 12, and 13
5. E) 12, 14, and 15

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

92) Which of the following molecules contain(s) an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group?

1. A) 1
2. B) 4
3. C) 8
4. D) 10
5. E) 1 and 4

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

93) Which molecule is glycerol?

1. A) 1
2. B) 6
3. C) 10
4. D) 14
5. E) 15

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

94) Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

1. A) 1
2. B) 5
3. C) 6
4. D) 8
5. E) 9

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

95) Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base?

1. A) 2
2. B) 3
3. C) 5
4. D) 12
5. E) 13

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

96) Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?

1. A) 1, 4, and 6
2. B) 2, 7, and 8
3. C) 7, 8, and 13
4. D) 11, 12, and 13
5. E) 12, 13, and 15

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

97) Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain?

1. A) 3
2. B) 7
3. C) 8
4. D) 12
5. E) 13

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

98) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction?

1. A) 2 and 3
2. B) 3 and 7
3. C) 7 and 8
4. D) 8 and 9
5. E) 12 and 13

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

99) A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between

10. A) one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10.
11. B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10.
12. C) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9.
13. D) three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9.
14. E) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

100) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond?

1. A) 3 and 4
2. B) 3 and 8
3. C) 6 and 15
4. D) 11 and 12
5. E) 11 and 13

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

101) Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

1. A) 1
2. B) 4
3. C) 6
4. D) 12
5. E) 13

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

102) Which of the following molecules contains a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond?

1. A) 4
2. B) 6
3. C) 12
4. D) 13
5. E) 15

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

103) Which of the following molecules has a functional group that frequently forms covalent bonds that maintain the tertiary structure of a protein?

1. A) 2
2. B) 3
3. C) 7
4. D) 8
5. E) 9

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

104) Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic “head” region and a hydrophobic “tail” region?

1. A) 2
2. B) 5
3. C) 7
4. D) 9
5. E) 11

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

105) Which of the following statements is false?

1. A) Molecules 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide.
2. B) Molecules 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol.
3. C) Molecules 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide.
4. D) Molecules 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide.
5. E) Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

Use the following information to answer the questions below.

 

Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides.

 

106) Among these biological polymers, which has the least structural variety?

1. A) polysaccharides
2. B) proteins
3. C) DNA
4. D) RNA

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.5

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

107) Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?

1. A) polysaccharides
2. B) proteins
3. C) DNA
4. D) RNA

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.5

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

108) Professor Jamey Marth at the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified 70 molecules that are used to build cellular macromolecules and structures. These include at least 34 saccharides, 8 nucleosides, and 20 amino acids. In theory, then, which class of biological polymer has the greatest information-coding capacity?

1. A) polysaccharides
2. B) proteins
3. C) DNA
4. D) RNA

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.5

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

 

Use the following information to answer the questions below.

 

You have just had a breakfast of toast (high-fibre bread) with butter and jam (no added sugar) along with a glass of milk.

 

109) What are the two major polysaccharides you have consumed?

1. A) fatty acids and pectin
2. B) cellulose and fructose
3. C) starch and fructose
4. D) glucose and fructose
5. E) cellulose and starch

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

110) Of these two, which one will not be hydrolyzed in your digestive tract?

1. A) fatty acids
2. B) cellulose
3. C) starch
4. D) glucose
5. E) fructose

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

111) Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?

1. A) monosaccharide
2. B) disaccharide
3. C) starch
4. D) carbohydrate
5. E) polysaccharide

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

112) What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar?

1. A) the number of carbons
2. B) the position of the hydroxyl groups
3. C) the position of the carbonyl group
4. D) One is a ring form, and the other is a linear chain.
5. E) One has a nitrogen.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

113) Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?

1. A) They are more common in animals than in plants.
2. B) They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
3. C) They generally solidify at room temperature.
4. D) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
5. E) They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

114) The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

1. A) primary level.
2. B) secondary level.
3. C) tertiary level.
4. D) quaternary level.
5. E) All structural levels are equally affected.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

115) Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

1. A) The two strands of the double helix would separate.
2. B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken.
3. C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
4. D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
5. E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

116) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

1. A) C60H120O60
2. B) C6H12O6
3. C) C60H102O51
4. D) C60H100O50
5. E) C60H111O51

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

117) Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

1. A) 5′-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3′ with 3′-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5′
2. B) 5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′
3. C) 5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′
4. D) 5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′
5. E) All of these pairs are correct.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

118) What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

1. A) The types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules.
2. B) The type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule.
3. C) Whether glucose is in the α or β form.
4. D) The amount of branching that occurs in the molecule.
5. E) They have different amounts of hydrogen bonding.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

119) Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

1. A) chitin
2. B) cellulose
3. C) amylopectin
4. D) amylose
5. E) starch

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

120) A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

1. A) an amino group
2. B) a peptide bond
3. C) a disulfide bond
4. D) a β pleated sheet
5. E) an α helix

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concepts 5.2-5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

121) Why are both cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) considered hydrophobic molecules?

1. A) Neither have a polar or charged region.
2. B) Neither have a nonpolar region.
3. C) Both have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
4. D) Both are highly reduced molecules.
5. E) Both mix with water.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

122) How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

1. A) The polar heads avoid water, and the nonpolar tails attract water.
2. B) Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar.
3. C) The polar heads interact with water, and the nonpolar tails do not.
4. D) The hydrocarbon tails form hydrogen bonds with water.
5. E) Both the polar head and lipid backbone from hydrogen bonds with water.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

123) What is common to both phospholipids and triglycerides?

1. A) Both contain serine or some other organic compound.
2. B) three fatty acids
3. C) a glycerol backbone
4. D) a phosphate
5. E) a single charge

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

124) Which of the following is the best explanation for why vegetable oil is a liquid at room temperature while animal fats are solid?

1. A) Vegetable oil has more double bonds than animal fats.
2. B) Vegetable oil has fewer double bonds than animal fats.
3. C) Animal fats have no amphipathic character.
4. D) Vegetable oil has longer fatty-acid tails than animal fats have.
5. E) Vegetable oil has shorter fatty-acid tails than animal fats have.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

125) Why are steroids are considered to be lipids?

1. A) Because steroids are essential components of cell membranes.
2. B) Because steroids are not soluble in water.
3. C) Because steroids are made of fatty acids.
4. D) Because steroids contribute to atherosclerosis.
5. E) Because steroids are hydrophilic.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

126) Which of the following is the strongest evidence that protein structure and function are correlated?

1. A) Proteins function best at certain temperatures.
2. B) Proteins have four distinct levels of structure and many functions.
3. C) Enzymes tend to be globular in shape.
4. D) Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally.
5. E) Proteins have many roles in the cell.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

127) You have just sequenced a new protein found in mice and observe that sulphur-containing cysteine residues occur at regular intervals. What is the significance of this finding?

1. A) Cysteine residues are required for the formation of α-helices and β-pleated sheets.
2. B) It will be important to include cysteine in the diet of the mice.
3. C) Cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bridges that help form tertiary structure.
4. D) Cysteine causes bends, or angles to occur in the tertiary structure of proteins.
5. E) This protein is likely to be less stable than other proteins to denaturation.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

128) Proteorhodopsin, a light driven proton pump, consists of a single polypeptide chain. What is the highest level of structure found in this protein?

1. A) primary
2. B) secondary
3. C) tertiary
4. D) quaternary
5. E) quinary

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.4

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

129) Nucleic acids are polymers made up of which of the following monomers?

1. A) nucleotides
2. B) sugars
3. C) amino acids
4. D) nitrogenous bases
5. E) deoxyribose

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

130) Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and DNA?

1. A) cytosine and uracil
2. B) cytosine and thymine
3. C) cytosine, uracil, and thymine
4. D) cytosine, uracil, and guanine
5. E) adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

131) What happens when nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid?

1. A) A covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second nucleotide.
2. B) A hydrogen bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second nucleotide.
3. C) Covalent bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides.
4. D) Hydrogen bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides.
5. E) A covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the base of a second nucleotide.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 5.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension